Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004623 (bacterial infection)
 15,226 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neutropenic individuals are at high risk for bacterial and fungal infections. Filgrastim (r-metHuG-CSF, NEUPOGEN) has been shown to improve chemotherapy-induced neutropenia significantly. Because a high incidence of HIV-infected patients have neutropenia, often associated with myelosuppressive antiretroviral medication, Filgrastim is frequently used as a treatment strategy for this HIV-associated neutropenia. This review summarizes published work related to the use of Filgrastim in HIV-infected patients. Literature bases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, Int. Pharm. Abs., SciSearch, and Aidsline) from 1970 to 1998 were searched for articles describing the relationship of Filgrastim and ANC to bacterial infection rates, bacterial infection outcome, and overall survival. Thirty-five related articles were identified during this search. Filgrastim appears to have a significant role in increasing peripheral ANC and enhancing neutrophil function in patients with HIV infection and AIDS. This may translate into a clinical benefit of delivery of full-dose myelosuppressive antiretroviral therapy and decreased susceptibility to infections and increased survival in this patient population.
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PMID:The use of Filgrastim in AIDS-related neutropenia. 1059 30

Neutropenia frequently complicates infection due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The etiology of neutropenia in this setting includes bone marrow infection or infiltration, myelosuppressive therapies, the presence of antibodies to HIV, and accelerated apoptosis. Protection against microbial invaders by neutrophils is further compromised by impaired chemotaxis and phagocytosis, production of toxic oxygen species, and expression of cellular adhesion molecules. Neutropenia is a significant risk factor for bacterial infection in HIV-infected patients. Endogenous cytokines, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, regulate neutrophil count and function. Treatment with recombinant human methionyl G-CSF (filgrastim) has lessened neutropenia in patients with HIV infection. Clinical trials have shown that the incidence of bacterial infections and the number of consequent days of hospitalization for HIV-infected patients receiving filgrastim therapy are lower. Filgrastim treatment also allows administration of larger doses of myelosuppressive agents.
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PMID:Neutropenia, neutrophil dysfunction, and bacterial infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease: the role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. 1067 24

Studies by other laboratories have shown that angiotensin II (AII) can affect the function of cells which comprise the immune system. In the present study, the effect of AII on the function of peritoneal macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes was assessed. In vitro exposure (4 h prior to assay) of peritoneal macrophages from mice and rats to AII increased the percentage of cells that phagocytosed opsonized yeast and the number of yeast per macrophage. Furthermore, AII increased the respiratory burst capacity of peritoneal macrophages from mice and rats and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from humans. Because of these observations, the effect of AII on host resistance to bacterial infection was assessed. Intraperitoneal administration of AII was shown to increase host resistance (reduced abscess formation) in an animal model of bacterial peritonitis. Studies were then conducted to assess whether parenteral administration of AII, a clinically relevant route, could affect peritoneal host resistance in a manner similar to that observed after peritoneal administration. These studies showed that subcutaneous administration of AII throughout the postinfection interval increased the level of host resistance to bacterial peritonitis. Furthermore, in a study which compared AII and Neupogen, an agent approved for use for the reduction of febrile neutropenia after myeloablative therapy, daily subcutaneous administration of AII reduced abscess size and incidence, whereas Neupogen did not have any therapeutic benefit in this model. These data suggest that AII may be of therapeutic benefit as an immunomodulatory agent.
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PMID:Angiotensin II increases host resistance to peritonitis. 1088 64

The aim of 36 months follow up study was to assess the safety and efficacy of Filgrastim (Neupogen) for preventing neutropenia and bacterial infection during combination therapy of chronic HCV infection with pegilated interferon alfa and ribavirin. Study enrolled 64 patients with chronic active hepatitis C, aged 20-65. Among them 49 were male and 15 female). Among 64 patients: 5 patients had HCV genotype 1a, 24 patients HCV genotype 1b, 17 patients HCV genotype 2a/2c and 18 patients HCV genotype 3a. Treatment regimen for chronic hepatitis C patients was as follows: Pegylated interferon alfa 2a (Pegasys) 180 micro kg or alfa 2b (PegIntron) 1,5 micro g/kg. and ribavirin (RBV). RBV daily dose was adjusted by body weight- 1000/1200 mg. Treatment duration was 48 weeks for HCV genotype 1 patient and 24 weeks for HCV non 1 genotype accordingly. The patients were divided into two groups: 29 patients (1st group) besides combination antiviral therapy (pegilated interferon alfa plus ribavirin) systematically received Filgrastim and other 35 patients (2nd group) - same antiviral therapy without administration of Filgrastim. Selection of patients was performed by computerized randomization method. HCV antibodies were detected by ELISA and RIBA. HCV RNA by Real time PCR. HCV genotype- by Inno-Lipa. Among 2nd group 35 patients (without Filgrastim administration) during antiviral therapy 8 patients (22.8%) developed different bacterial infections.(3 patients- urinary tract infection, 2 patients- pneumonia, 1 patient- bronchitis, 1 patients - sinusitis and 1 patient-gingivitis/stomatitis). 7 patients required interferon dose modification (dose reduction) and in 5 patients treatment stopped due to severe neutropenia. Among 1st group patients (with filgrastim administration) only one patient developed bacterial infection (urinary tract infection). None of patients, due to neutropenia, required neither stoppage of therapy, nor interferon dose reduction. The quality of life of 1st group patients was better in comparison of 2nd group patients. Filgrastim was safe and effective for prevention neutropenia and bacterial infections in Hepatitis C patients with Peg-INF/RBV combination antiviral therapy. Filgrastim was well tolerated by patients. It gives possibility to maintain interferon dose during treatment period and significantly improves the patient's quality of live.
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PMID:Safety and efficacy of systematic administration of Filgrastim to prevent neutropenia and infections in patient with hepatitis C. 1989 21