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Query: UMLS:C0004623 (bacterial infection)
 15,226 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ovine progressive pneumonia, a chronic, insidious disease of adult sheep, has a relentless course leading to dyspnea, emaciation, and death. Clinical observations and serologic tests are adequate for making a tentative diagnosis. The agar gel immunodiffusion test seems to be the best serologic procedure for indicating infection with the virus but cannot be used to predict morphologic changes or clinical disease, inasmuch as many clinically unaffected animals carry the virus. A definitive diagnosis is based on finding lesions and isolating virus. Affected lungs are large and heavy as a result of interstitial accumulation of lymphoid cells and fibromuscular tissue. Frequently, interstitial lesions are accompanied by bronchopneumonia from secondary bacterial infection. The causal virus can be isolated from infected lungs by cocultivation with primary ovine or bovine cells.
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PMID:Diagnostic features of ovine progressive pneumonia. 21 18

A 40-year-old woman who had recently undergone kidney transplantation was succesfully treated for diffuse influenza virus pneumonia. The illness was acute, with rapid onset, high fever, nonproductive cough, dyspnea, cyanosis, crepitations and rales over both lung bases, and associated arterial hypoxemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Prophylactic use of antibiotics to prevent superimposed bacterial infection and reduction of immunosuppressive therapy to minimal dosage during the critical phase of the respiratory infection contributed to the patient's survival. An episode of graft rejection was reversed by resumption of immunosuppressive therapy at standard dosage levels.
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PMID:Influenza virus pneumonia after renal transplant. 32 48

Fibrosing alveolitis is a rare, diffuse lung disease characterized by varying combinations of two histological features: thickening of alveolar walls and the presence of large mononuclear cells in the alveolar spaces. Clinical details of 10 children with fibrosing alveolitis are reported. The main symptoms in children are tachypnoea or dyspnoea, cough, poor weight gain, and cyanosis. The condition is similar to that in adults, but it is usually a more acute illness, and if untreated, more predictably fatal. Respiratory failure, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac failure are the major complications. Less commonly, superimposed bacterial infection and pneumothorax occur. Chest x-rays often show a sequence of changes with a ground-glass appearance and fine mottling in the early stage of the disease, progressing to a picture of mainly hilar linear markings in those children who recover. The histological features at lung biopsy or necropsy are described; these correlated poorly with the radiological features, steroid responsiveness, and clinical course. Lung function tests in 3 older children showed evidence of markedly reduced lung volumes in 2. Static lung compliance in 4 children in the acute stage of the illness was normal in 3 and diminished in one. The response to steroid therapy was analysed in cases from the literature and the 10 reported cases. No spontaneous remissions occurred, all the survivors having been treated with corticosteroids. In children fibrosing alveolitis is almost always a corticosteroid-responsive disease. An appropriate course of prednisolone would be of at least 4 week's, but preferably of 8 weeks' duration, at a minimum daily dose of 2 mg/kg. After improvement the steroid withdrawal should be cautious and protracted, comprising at least a year's continuous treatment.
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PMID:Fibrosing alveolitis in infancy and childhood. 83 51

We experienced three cases of lower respiratory tract infections worsened after Rhinovirus infection. Case 1: A 42-year-old male with diffuse panbronchiolitis was admitted to our hospital with the complaint of dyspnea on November 21, 1988. Rhinovirus was isolated from nasal washing and P. aeruginosa was cultured from transtracheal aspiration (TTA). Case 2: A 67-year-old male, whose underlying disease was pulmonary asbestosis, was admitted to our hospital complaining of pyrexia on June 12, 1990. Rhinovirus was isolated from TTA and H. influenzae and others were cultured from TTA. Case 3: A 64-year-old male with pulmonary emphysema was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of dyspnea on August 11, 1989. On December 17, 1989 the patient developed rhinorrhea and complained of purulent sputum, pyrexia and dyspnea after five days. Rhinovirus was isolated from nasal washing and TTA and S. nonhaemolyticus and others were cultured from TTA. As indicated in this report, it is interesting to study the relationship between viral infection of the upper respiratory tract and bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract.
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PMID:[Three cases of lower respiratory tract infection worsened after rhinovirus infection]. 133 Dec 64

One hundred twenty-five cases of amebic liver abscess were diagnosed at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan from January 1981 to December 1989. An analysis of possible prognostic factors for severe amebic liver abscess was done retrospectively. The majority of the patients came from the southern part of Taiwan. Severe amebic liver abscess was defined as the rupture of an abscess that was resistant to 72 hr of medical treatment, or complicated by secondary bacterial infection. The results showed significant differences between patients with severe liver abscess and those with more moderate forms of amebic liver abscess in indices such as jaundice, hemoglobin and serum bilirubin levels, and dyspnea, as well as in pulmonary changes (right diaphragm elevation, right pleural effusion) seen on chest radiographs. Those patients with diabetes mellitus also had greater evidence of severe liver abscess. Moderate cases that were treated with amebicides showed excellent responses (no mortality). Severe cases required, in addition to amebicide therapy, either percutaneous or surgical drainage of pus, especially in those patients with ruptured abscesses. Those patients with abscesses that ruptured into the thoracic cavity were treated by either thoracostomy or needle aspiration, and all were cured. Three patients died of abscess rupture into the abdominal cavity, associated with secondary bacterial infection. The overall mortality rate was 2.4%. These symptoms and signs of severe liver abscess are indicators of the need for intensive treatment such as aspiration or surgical drainage.
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PMID:The prognostic factors of severe amebic liver abscess: a retrospective study of 125 cases. 157 85

Diffuse panbronchiolitis in two brothers is reported. The elder brother aged 46, was admitted in May 1983 due to severe dyspnea and productive cough, which had gradually worsened over several years. He had severe hypoxemia and hypercapnia. He died at age 47 of respiratory failure due to pseudomonas infection despite antibiotic therapy. The younger brother, at age 41, was admitted in March 1983 due to fever, productive cough, and abnormal shadows on chest X-ray films. He showed mild hypoxemia and his symptoms improved with antibiotic treatment. Since then he has been followed as an outpatient for over 7 years while taking 400 mg of Erythromycin per day, and he has had no exacerbation. These two cases had different clinical courses despite the facts that both had similar conditions of chronic sinusitis and appeared to be exposed to no special environmental or occupational hazards. These facts suggest that not only intrinsic factors, such as defenselessness of airways, but extrinsic factors such as viral, mycoplasmal, or bacterial infection may act together on the mechanisms of the onset and progression of diffuse panbronchiolitis.
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PMID:[Diffuse panbronchiolitis in two brothers with different clinical courses]. 175 47

Respiratory distress and laryngeal paralysis were found to be caused by a Streptococcus equi abscess of cranial mediastinal lymph nodes, putting pressure on the trachea at the thoracic inlet. Surgical drainage was required to relieve the compression, and long-term antibiotic therapy was used to treat the bacterial infection. The trachea returned to normal diameter but left laryngeal hemiplegia persisted. Peritracheal abscesses should be considered in the differential diagnosis of inspiratory dyspnea of the horse.
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PMID:Tracheal compression secondary to abscessation of cranial mediastinal lymph nodes in a horse. 397 92

Legionnaires disease, which is commonly manifested as pneumonia, was only recently recognized to be a bacterial infection. Diagnosis can be difficult because Gram's stain does not readily stain the bacterium in pulmonary secretions, the organism is not readily cultured, and legionellae is not affected by many commonly used antibiotics. In a retrospective review of all of our transplant patients, we identified 14 cases of Legionnaires' disease after 101 renal transplants. The patients characteristically had high fever, polymorphonuclear leukocytosis, dyspnea and an unproductive cough accompanied by radiographic changes of consolidating pneumonia. Legionnaires' disease can be diagnosed by direct immunofluorescent antibody staining, culture on special media or increases in serum titers of legionella antibodies in surviving patients. Since the recognition of Legionnaires' disease in 1977, we have successfully treated seven renal transplant patients using erythromycin with or without rifampin.
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PMID:Legionnaires' disease in renal transplant patients. 701 9

Intravenous injection of charcoal lighter fluid (naphtha) in a suicidal attempt led to development of severe hemorrhagic pneumonitis in a 40-year-old individual. Presenting symptoms consisted of pleuritic chest pain, epigastric discomfort, and dyspnea; they appeared within 2 hours after injection. Development of roentgenographic changes lagged behind the clinical symptoms by several hours. Fever and leukocytosis were present despite the absence of demonstrable superimposed bacterial infection. The pathology seemed exclusively confined to the pulmonary system with no clinical or laboratory evidence of extrapulmonary involvement. Repeated clinical, radiographic, and pulmonary function evaluations over an 18-month follow-up period have shown complete resolution of pulmonary lesions without residual abnormalities.
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PMID:Toxicity with intravenous injection of naphtha in man. 739 21

A 2-phase study was conducted to evaluate the ability of the NEB-1 strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) to potentiate common bacterial pathogens of swine. In phase I, 25 of 50 4-5-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs were exposed to NEB-1 PRRSV (day 0). Seven days after virus inoculation, 8 groups received 1 of 4 bacterial pathogens: Haemophilus parasuis, Streptococcus suis, Salmonella cholerasuis, and Pasteurella multocida. The ability of NEB-1 PRRSV to produce clinical disease, viremia, neutralizing antibody, gross and microscopic lesions and to potentiate bacterial pathogens was assessed. Response to NEB-1 PRRSV was similar among inoculated pigs; prolonged hyperthermia, lethargy, mild to moderate dyspnea, and cutaneous erythema were consistent clinical signs. No clinical differences were observed in groups after bacterial challenge. Virus was isolated from serum at weekly intervals through the end of the study, and all PRRSV-inoculated pigs had seroconverted by study termination. Two of 5 pigs died in non-PRRSV-inoculated groups challenged with H. parasuis and Streptococcus suis. Mortality in PRRSV-infected pigs was limited to 1 of 5 pigs from the Salmonella cholerasuis-challenged group. Gross lesions were seen in pigs dying after inoculation in H. parasuis- and Streptococcus suis-inoculated groups, in Salmonella cholerasuis- and P. multocida-challenged pigs, and in 1 non-PRRSV-inoculated control pig. Microscopic lesions consisted of mild to moderate proliferative interstitial pneumonia, nonsuppurative myocarditis, lymphoid hyperplasia, and nonsuppurative encephalitis in PRRSV-inoculated pigs. Findings in phase I indicated that NEB-1 PRRSV does not potentiate bacterial disease while inducing consistent clinical signs, viremia, seroconversion, and microscopic lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: NEB-1 PRRSV infection did not potentiate bacterial pathogens. 757 44


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