Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0004623 (bacterial infection)
 15,226 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During two epidemics of influenza A infection in Stockholm 1969-72, 249 cases were selected for a study on the effect of bacterial superinfection. Bacterial involvement was demonstrated through cultures and serologic reactions. The occurrence of C-reactive protein in increased amount in serum was significantly more common in the group which had the strongest indication of bacterial infection. An increased duration of fever, and a higher incidence of pneumonia, leukocytosis and erythrocyte sedimentation rate over 50 mm/l h was also the rule in cases with bacterial involvement. During both epidemics the bacteria most often involved were pneumococci.
 ...
PMID:The influence of bacterial superinfection on the clinical course of influenza. Studies from the influenza epidemics in Stockholm during the winters 1969-70 and 1971-72. 0 47

The growth of parent influenza viruses A/England/939/69 and A/PR/8/34, and clones 6, 7, and 64C, derived by recombination, was studied in newborn rats. Using an inoculum of 10(4.0) EID50, influenza virus A/England/939/69 produced the highest titres of virus in rat turbinates at 48 hours after inoculation; clones 6 and 7 and A/PR/8/34 grew to lower titres; and clone 64C grew to the lowest titre. These differences were less apparent when 10(2.0) EID50 of virus was used as an inoculum, and rats were not infected by smaller inoculum of any of the virus strains. Infection with 10(4.0) EID50 of all viruses produced lung infection; at 48 hours after infection, the highest titres were recovered from rats infected with A/PR/8/34 and A/England/939/69 virus. Prior infection with A/England/939/69 or A/PR/8/34 increased the incidence of bacteraemia and meningitis following intranasal inoculation of Haemophilus influenzae type b; infection with clone 64C did not enhance bacterial meningitis, while infection with clone 6 gave an intermediate result. Volunteer studies with these viruses have shown that influenza virus A/England/939/69 was virulent, clones 6 and 7 were attenuated, clone 64C was over-attenuated, and A/PR/8/34 virus was noninfective for man. The relative titres of virus recovered from turbinates taken 48 hours after infection with 10(4.0) EID50 of virus and the ability of virus infection to enhance bacterial infection correlated with the property of virus attenuation for man for four of the five strains tested; however, no correlation was seen for A/PR/8/34 virus, which is a result also found in other laboratory tests designed to measure virulence for man.
 ...
PMID:Influenza virus infection in newborn rats: a possible marker of attenuation for man. 30 96

Experiments in 400 non-inbred white mice indicated that the association of influenza virus A2 Hong Kong with H. influenzae enhanced the pathogenic action of the causative agents and led to the unfavorable clinical outcome only in those cases when these agents penetrated the body simultaneously, or when viral infection preceded bacterial infection. In those cases when influenza infection appeared in the presence of bacterial infection, the pathological process developed as a monoviral disease. The morphological changes in the lungs of the mice infected with H. influenzae corresponded to lesions caused by influenza virus and were manifested by pronounced hemodynamic disturbances.
 ...
PMID:[Experimental pneumonia caused by an association of H. influenzae and the influenza virus]. 31 41

A 40-year-old woman who had recently undergone kidney transplantation was succesfully treated for diffuse influenza virus pneumonia. The illness was acute, with rapid onset, high fever, nonproductive cough, dyspnea, cyanosis, crepitations and rales over both lung bases, and associated arterial hypoxemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Prophylactic use of antibiotics to prevent superimposed bacterial infection and reduction of immunosuppressive therapy to minimal dosage during the critical phase of the respiratory infection contributed to the patient's survival. An episode of graft rejection was reversed by resumption of immunosuppressive therapy at standard dosage levels.
 ...
PMID:Influenza virus pneumonia after renal transplant. 32 48

The results of the study of rimantadine effectiveness in a viral-bacterial infection in white mice caused by a mixture of influenza A2 virus (10 LD50) and hemolytic streptococcus group A (350 million bacteria). The drug showed no prophylactic or therapeutic effect in the mixed infection, whereas in influenza infection in the animals which served as a positive control rimantadine had marked antiviral activity (P less than 0.001). It is assumed that the lack of the drug effectiveness against the mixed infection is due to the formation in the animals of virus-microbe complexes which are conducive to an increase of infectious virus titers and virus resistance to various treatments.
 ...
PMID:[Study of the effect of rimantadine on the course of mixed viral-bacterial infection in albino mice]. 34 20

Infant rats were infected with one of a series of influenza A viruses. The growth of viruses in the turbinates or lungs, and the ability of virus infection to potentiate a subsequent bacterial infection by Haemophilus influenzae (HIb), were measured. The three virus strains known to be virulent for man grew to relatively high titres of 10(5.2)--10(6.8) EBID50/ml in the turbinates of infant rats at 48 hours post-infection, and virus infection enhanced subsequent systemic infection following intranasal inoculation of rats with HIb. In contrast, influenza virus A/Ann Arobr/6/60--P17 and the three recombinant viruses prepared from this strain, all of which are attenuated for man, replicated to significantly lower titres of 10(2.6)--10(4.1) EBID50/ml in infant rats turbinates, and failed to promote systemic infection by HIb to the samest that the behaviour of influenza viruses in infant rats may be an indication for virus virulence for man, and thus provide a test which could facilitate the development of live, attenuated virus vaccines.
 ...
PMID:Influenza virus infection of a newborn rats: virulence of recombinant strains prepared from a cold-adapted, attenuated parent. 49 43

During the first week of March 1974, a hospitalized patient being evaluated for hyperproteinemia and hypertension experienced fever, chills, and myalgia and showed pulmonary signs consistent with diffuse pneumonia. Subsequently, the findings from serologic tests confirmed that the patient had viral influenza. Seven other compromised hosts on the same ward developed symptoms of pneumonic influenza, and serologic data on three of the seven confirmed influenza A2. Additionally, a previously healthy young adult admitted with acute respiratory distress died of nonbacterial complications and was shown to have community-acquired influenza. The unusual features of the epidemic were the intrahospital localization of the epidemic in compromised hosts, the high rate of pneumonic complications, the low rate of secondary bacterial infection, and the severity of the viral pneumonia in the community-acquired case.
 ...
PMID:A nosocomial outbreak of influenza A. 85 36

Bacterial infection contributes substantially to the morbidity and mortality of human influenza. In vitro experiments were performed to test two hypotheses regarding a possible relationship between the virus and bacterial infection. Firstly, maintenance media from tissue and organ cultures infected with influenza virus were tested for the presence of staphylococcal growth-promoting factors; no evidence for these was found. Secondly, we looked for a virus effect on polymorphonuclear leucocyte function. We found that human leucocytes purified from venous blood and exposed to influenza virus responded normally to stimulation of hexose monophosphate shunt activity and chemiluminescence. However, their responses in tests of phagocytic function and of chemotaxis were inhibited. By various criteria this effect was specific to the virus and could be obtained even when only a few virus particles were present per leucocyte. We propose that this is a mechanism by which influenza virus could enhance susceptibility to bacterial infection in the lung.
 ...
PMID:Influenza viruses and staphylococci in vitro: some interactions with polymorphonuclear leucocytes and epithelial cells. 87 77

The accepted concept that cold symptoms are usually caused by destruction of the nasal epithelium by virus and that epithelial damage may led to secondary bacterial infection is not supported by this work. Although influenza and adenovirus may destroy the epithelium, no destruction of the nasal epithelium was detected either in vivo during natural or rhinovirus cold on in-vitro in nasal epithelial organ cultures. Infiltration of the nasal mucosa with neutrophils early in the cold does not indicate bacterial infection but may be a direct result of the viral infection. Purulent nasal secretions, which are common in uncomplicated colds, were not accompanied by discernible changes in the aerobic bacterial flora. The nasopharynx may be an important area for further exploration in the study of the pathogenesis of rhinovirus infection since it is a site to which mucus containing virus from the entire nasal mucosa is brought. A prominent feature of the posterior nasopharyngeal wall in both children and adults is a mass of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (adenoid or nasopharyngeal tonsils). Preliminary data has suggested that the epithelium overlying the lymphoid tissue expresses ICAM-1 receptors in the normal state, whereas the nasal epithelium does not. This is interesting since the majority of rhinovirus serotypes gain entrance to human cells by this receptor. Symptoms in a rhinovirus cold could result from release of inflammatory and/or neuromediators from the adenoid. Recently, Naclerio et al (8) have demonstrated that kinins and an increased number of neutrophils in nasal secretions correlate with occurrence of symptoms in volunteers with rhinovirus colds.
 ...
PMID:Fireside conference 11. Common cold. 132 17

Necrotizing bacterial infections that occur in the head and neck are exceedingly rare and are often associated with a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). The disease is associated with soft tissue necrosis and vascular thrombosis. There appears to be an increasing incidence of hyperaggressive beta hemolytic streptococcal infections associated with high mortality rates. We report the survival of an otherwise healthy patient who developed a flu-like illness followed by a rapidly progressive toxic systemic illness associated with subtotal facial soft tissue necrosis down to bone. The recent literature related to this necrotizing bacterial infection is reviewed. Otolaryngologists must be aware of this entity since survival depends upon aggressive early wound management and high-dose intravenous antibiotics.
 ...
PMID:Streptococcal gangrene of the head and neck: a case report and review of the literature. 129 64


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>