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Query: UMLS:C0004623 (bacterial infection)
 15,226 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antiserum against Escherichia coli J5, a "rough" mutant of E. coli 0111, has been reported to confer broad-spectrum protection against serologically unrelated gram-negative bacteria. In order to re-evaluate these findings, we examined the influence of rabbit antiserum against E. coli J5 on the phagocytosis of heterologous gram-negative bacteria by rabbit granulocytes in vitro and its ability to protect mice against gram-negative bacterial infection. In vitro, J5 antiserum enhanced the phagocytosis of E. coli 0111, E. coli 06 and Serratia marcescens 06/014:H2 when compared to normal rabbit serum. However, J5 antiserum did not enhance the phagocytosis of Klebsiella pneumoniae type 2 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype 9. In vivo, the protective effect of J5 antiserum against lethal gram-negative infection was not superior to that of normal (pre-immune) serum with the exception of E. coli 0111 septicemia. In contrast, type-specific antiserum against each of the smooth gram-negative bacteria markedly enhanced phagocytosis in vitro and exerted significant protection in vivo. Thus, in this study antiserum against E. coli J5 proved to be of limited value for opsonization of gram-negative bacteria and protection against gram-negative bacterial infection.
Infection
PMID:Antiserum against Escherichia coli J5: a re-evaluation of its in vitro and in vivo activity against heterologous gram-negative bacteria. 389 69

The structural basis for the cross-reactivity between the Escherichia coli K13, K20 and K23 capsular polysaccharides is the----)-beta-ribofuranosyl-(1----7)-beta-2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate polymer. Monoclonal antibodies against E. coli K13 which require O-acetyl-2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate for binding were further investigated. Such antibodies, of both the IgG and the IgM isotype, opsonized E. coli K13 in vitro and protected against intraperitoneal infection in mice as well as ascending pyelonephritis in rats. A monoclonal IgG1 anti-idiotype, specific for the K13 polysaccharide combining site of a protective IgM idiotype, primed for protection against intraperitoneal infection with live E. coli K13 following K13 injections at four as well as 12 weeks of age, the K13 polysaccharide alone did not immunize and protect. The monoclonal anti-K13 idiotype only primed for protection at four weeks of age. These findings suggest a strong effect of a single idiotype on the outcome of a bacterial infection.
Infection 1985
PMID:Studies on immunity against Escherichia coli K13 with monoclonal anti-K13 and anti-anti-K13. 390 58

Imipenem is the first of a new class of beta-lactam antimicrobial agents with potent in vitro activity against most bacterial pathogens that cause infections in children. We studied, prospectively, the clinical efficacy and toxicity of imipenem/cilastatin in 40 children with proved or suspected bacterial infection. A dose of 100 mg/kg/day of imipenem was given to children younger than 3 years of age, while children older than 3 years of age received 60 mg/kg/day. Twenty-nine organisms were isolated from 26 patients. Infections treated included cellulitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, lymphadenitis, renal infections, wound infections, and pneumonia. Bacteria isolated included Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All patients responded favorably to treatment, with defervescence and improvement of symptoms. All of the infecting bacteria were susceptible to imipenem. Imipenem/cilastatin was well tolerated, with no serious side effects, and appeared to be an effective and safe antimicrobial agent in the treatment of the population studied.
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PMID:Imipenem/cilastatin for the treatment of infections in hospitalized children. 390 6

Eleven patients with terminal renal insufficiency requiring dialysis were treated with 3 X 2 g cefotaxime in an open study lasting five days when the clinical findings strongly indicated a serious bacterial infection. The effect of the administration of the high-dose antibiotic on the coagulation system (Quick test, partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, antithrombin III and platelets) and on brain function (EEG) was investigated. The serum levels showed that the serum concentrations were not abnormally high in cases of terminal renal insufficiency requiring dialysis. In contrast to previous investigations in other beta-lactam antibiotics, no changes in the coagulation system or EEG occurred. On the basis of these findings, no reduction in the dose appears necessary for cefotaxime, if therapy does not exceed five days.
Infection 1985
PMID:Tolerance in patients with terminal renal insufficiency of high doses of cefotaxime. 405 48

Vertical slab electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels was used to monitor changes in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes in plasma of white rats during bacterial infection and endotoxin poisoning. Peritoneal infection with Francisella tularensis and Salmonella typhimurium and administration of S. typhimurium endotoxin stimulated significant increases in plasma LDH-5. Rates of change in enzyme activity after infection were directly related to size of infecting dose and type of agent employed. Infection with 1 median lethal dose of F. tularensis stimulated both an early, temporary and a prolonged, secondary elevation in LDH-5 activity, whereas salmonellosis, endotoxicosis, killed cells, and latex particles elicited only an initial response of short duration. Changes observed in plasma LDH-5 after exposure to these agents suggest that, as a result of phagocytosis or cell damage, peritoneal leukocytes contribute to early increases in plasma enzyme activity, whereas extensive liver involvement is responsible for high secondary LDH-5 levels during progressive tularemic infection.
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PMID:Effect of infection and endotoxicosis on plasma lactate dehydrogenase isozymes in white rats. 494 2

The proximity of the maxillary sinus floor to the first, second, and third molar teeth predisposes it to contiguous dental disease. Infections of dental origin are usually mixed bacterial growth with anaerobic species predominating; extended-spectrum penicillins or cephalosporins are recommended. The patient with atopic allergy is susceptible to bacterial infection; combined therapy with antimicrobials, corticosteroids, and antihistamines is advised. The large solitary antrochoanal polyp is successfully managed with maxillary sinus surgery alone. Multiple ethmoidal polyps in children suggest cystic fibrosis, and in adults, the asthma triad syndrome. Thorough surgical management of the sinuses combined with antimicrobial and topical corticosteroid therapy is recommended.
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PMID:Dental and allergic aspects of sinusitis and nasal polyposis: a review. 613 2

In this paper we have described the microbiology of the granuloma pouch model in rats. We studied the biochemical parameters of pouch exudates infected with Escherichia coli. Data revealed that the inflammatory response increased during the course of infection since lactate dehydrogenase levels as well as alpha 2 and gamma-globulin fractions were increased in comparison to uninfected controls. Infection of the pouches did not spread. We also monitored the growth characteristics of four different E. coli strains. In vitro incubation of these strains in human and rat serum as well as in pouch exudate, and the in vivo growth rate in infected pouches revealed that the degree of serum sensitivity was clearly related to viability in vivo. Serum-resistant strains grew well in pouch exudate, whereas serum-sensitive strains were eliminated from the infected pouches. Since elimination of these strains was dependent on the challenge dose, we concluded that cellular and/or humoral host defense mechanisms became locally exhausted or inactivated. Thus, the granuloma pouch represents a local bacterial infection of a poorly defended, inflamed body cavity.
Infection
PMID:The granuloma pouch: an in vivo model for pharmacokinetic and chemotherapeutic investigations. II. Microbiological characterization. 618 2

The structural basis for the cross-reactivity between the Escherichia coli K13, K20 and K23 capsular polysaccharides is the ----)-beta-ribofuranosyl-(1----7)-beta-2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate polymer. Monoclonal antibodies against E. coli K13 which require O-acetyl-2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate for binding were further investigated. Such antibodies, of both the IgG and the IgM isotype, opsonized E. coli K13 in vitro and protected against intraperitoneal infection in mice as well as ascending pyelonephritis in rats. A monoclonal IgG1 anti-idiotype, specific for the K13 polysaccharide combining site of a protective IgM idiotype, primed for protection against intraperitoneal infection with live E. coli K13 following K13 injections at four as well as 12 weeks of age. the K13 polysaccharide alone did not immunize and protect. The monoclonal anti-K13 idiotype only primed for protection at four weeks of age. These findings suggest a strong effect of a single idiotype on the outcome of a bacterial infection.
Infection
PMID:Studies on immunity against Escherichia coli K13 with monoclonal anti-K13 and anti-anti-K13. 638 95

The current incidence of neonatal sepsis in the United States varies from less than 1 to 8.1 per 1000 live births. The incidence of bacterial meningitis is about one-third of the number of infants with sepsis. The mortality is 20 to 30% and many survivors are severely impaired. Group B streptococcus and Escherichia coli are the most frequent causes of meningitis. Because of the difficulty of clinical diagnosis, many infants receive presumptive therapy for suspected sepsis or meningitis although few have documented infection. Between 5 and 10% of newborn infants born in the United States receive antimicrobial agents in the nursery, usually a penicillin and an aminoglycoside. To lower the continued high mortality and morbidity of meningitis due to gram-negative enteric bacilli, collaborative randomized trials evaluated the efficacy of gentamicin administered via the intrathecal route, gentamicin administered into the ventricle and most recently, the efficacy of moxalactam. Neither intrathecal or intraventricular drug, both in combination with parenteral drug, was advantageous when compared with parenterally administered drug alone. The mortality rate and number of days of culture positive cerebrospinal fluid were similar in infants who received moxalactam and ampicillin and infants who received amikacin and ampicillin. Adjunctive therapies including granulocyte transfusion, administration of hyperimmune gamma globulin and exchange transfusion are now under investigation. Initial studies of prevention of systemic bacterial infection by prophylactic ampicillin administered to the mother at delivery and use of group B streptococcal vaccine administered to susceptible women in the child bearing age show promise.
Infection 1984
PMID:Recent advances in management of bacterial meningitis in neonates. 639 49

Seventy infants with suspected bacterial infection in the first 48 hours of life were treated either with piperacillin and flucloxacillin or with penicillin and gentamicin. Infection was confirmed and successfully eradicated in 6 of the 35 infants receiving piperacillin and flucloxacillin. Four infants treated with penicillin and gentamicin had confirmed infection and one deteriorated initially but then recovered when treated with piperacillin. Serum piperacillin concentrations above 100 mg/l and cerebrospinal fluid piperacillin concentrations of 2.6-6 mg/l were noted for up to four hours and 7 hours respectively, even in the absence of inflamed meninges, after administration of piperacillin 100 mg/kg body weight intravenously. Median half life of piperacillin was 6.5 hours and was prolonged in renal impairment. Piperacillin is considered to be a safe and effective first line single agent treatment for early neonatal infection but because some Escherichia coli are resistant to it we recommend that a second agent be used in critically ill infants with neutropenia or meningitis.
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PMID:Piperacillin in early neonatal infection. 655 60


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