Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004623 (bacterial infection)
 15,226 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pyomyositis is an acute bacterial infection of striated muscle. It is common in the tropics, but rarely reported in temperate climates. We present two cases in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), one an active homosexual, and one an intravenous drug user. A brief review of the clinical findings and diagnostic procedures is included. We conclude that pyomyositis should be included in the list of locations of pyogenic infections that can occur in AIDS patients.
Infection
PMID:Spontaneous pyomyositis and AIDS: an infrequent association. 181 15

Ninety infants less than 1 year of age with pneumonia and 43 control infants were investigated for viral and chlamydial infection with the use of culture and serology and for bacterial infection with the use of blood cultures, lung aspirates, antibody assays and antigen detection procedures. One or more potential pathogens were identified in 62 (69%) cases with pneumonia and in 12 (28%) controls. Infection by respiratory viruses was identified in 42 (49%) cases and in 8 (19%) controls. Respiratory syncytial virus was the commonest pathogen identified and was found in 32 cases (37%). Bacterial infections were also common, being found in 27 (30%) cases and 3 (7%) controls, and predominantly involved Streptococcus pneumoniae (20%) or Haemophilus influenzae (11%). Bacterial infections were associated with raised white blood cell counts and were identified more often by antigen detection procedures (68%) than by culture of blood or lung aspirates (34%) or by serology (33%). Mixed viral-bacterial infections were identified in 13 cases (15%). Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis was diagnosed in 2 infants with acute lower respiratory tract infection and in 1 control infant.
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PMID:Etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in Gambian children: I. Acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants presenting at the hospital. 184 64

Serious bacterial infections occurred in ten children (1.4%) of 710 patients with croup admitted to the Soroka Medical Center during the years 1983-1989. Sixty-four patients (9% of all croup patients) were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and 13 of them (20%) required intubation. Bacterial infections were noted in nine of the 13 intubated patients, in none of the other 51 PICU patients who did not require intubation and in one of the 646 patients (0.2%) who were not admitted to the PICU (p less than 0.0001). There was no difference in age, ethnic origin, or body temperature on arrival between the two PICU groups. Causative microorganisms were isolated from blood samples (three cases) and tracheal pus (eight cases). All intubated PICU patients were seriously ill: eight had bacterial tracheitis and one supraglottitis. Patients with bacterial tracheitis required frequent suctioning of the trachea for copious purulent secretions. The single patient with bacterial infection who was not admitted to the PICU had transient bacteremia. We conclude that the need for intubation in croup patients was an indicator for the presence of a serious bacterial infection.
Infection
PMID:The need for intubation in serious upper respiratory tract infection in pediatric patients (a retrospective study). 188 64

Twenty-five pediatric orthotopic liver transplantations (OLTs) performed in 22 patients at Sainte-Justine Hospital were reviewed for infections complications. One patient died within 12 hours posttransplantation and is excluded. The patients had an average age of 6.1 years (range, 1.25 to 19 years) and an average weight of 20.4 kg (range, 11 to 55 kg). Two patients (9%) were cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositive and 9 of 19 patients (48%) were Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) seropositive preoperatively. Five of the donors (20%) were CMV seropositive. The most common indications for OLT were biliary atresia (8) and tyrosinemia (7). There were 4 deaths, for an overall mortality rate of 19%. In 3 patients, deaths were related to infection (CMV hepatitis and duodenitis with aortoduodenal fistula, adult respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS] with Streptococcus viridans pneumonia, Escherichia coli cholangitis with progressive hepatic failure). Fifteen patients (72%) had 41 major infections, most of them bacterial, during the first month posttransplantation. These include pneumonia (25%), line sepsis (17%), cholangitis (14%), and tracheitis (14%). There was only one major viral infection, a CMV hepatitis that occurred in the first month posttransplantation. Three patients had fungal infections (8%) associated with hepatic artery thrombosis and recurrent cholangitis. All three patients required retransplantation. There was only one protozoal infection (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia) causing life-threatening respiratory failure, from which patient recovered without sequelae. Infection still remains a serious complication of OLT. Bacterial infection is common and is usually associated with technical complications. The low rate of CMV infection is related to low incidence of CMV in the donor pool and the minimal use of strong immunosuppressants.
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PMID:Infectious complications of pediatric liver transplantation. 191 82

Chaperonins are a major target of the immune response to bacteria. Infection, or immunization, with bacteria induces a strong antibody response to chaperonins, and the same proteins also provide a focus for activation of T lymphocyte subsets--including CD4, CD8 and gamma-delta T cells. The high degree of sequence conservation between prokaryotic and eukaryotic chaperonins makes them candidate antigens for models of autoimmunity based on molecular mimicry, and it is possible that the immune response to chaperonins has both protective and pathogenic potential. The interactions between chaperonins and the immune response are reviewed in this article, primarily from the perspective of intracellular bacterial infection.
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PMID:Chaperonins and the immune response. 198 68

We analysed two of our own and 21 patients described in the literature with listeria brainstem encephalitis. The disease was characterised by a prodromal state with fever, nausea and headache followed by severe brainstem dysfunction with multiple cranial nerve palsies, ataxia, respiratory insufficiency and coma. The diagnosis was established by isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from CSF and/or serum. Serological tests are without diagnostic evidence. Cerebrospinal fluid examination may not initially point to a bacterial infection. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging technique might supply evidence of brainstem involvement and contribute to an early diagnosis. There is a high percentage of lethal outcome without early antibiotic therapy.
Infection
PMID:Listeria brainstem encephalitis: two own cases and literature review. 201 6

In a prospective randomized study we evaluated the efficacy and safety of oral ofloxacin (dosage: 200 mg three times daily) versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (dosage: 960 mg three times daily) as antibacterial prophylaxis in 128 patients with acute leukemia who received aggressive cytotoxic chemotherapy and were granulocytopenic for a median duration of 30 days. Fewer patients receiving ofloxacin were colonized by Enterobacteriaceae (13% versus 90%, p less than 0.001) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3% versus 14%, p = 0.025), and developed gram-negative bacterial infection (4% versus 26%, p = 0.002), whereas the incidence of gram-positive bacterial (19% versus 22%) and fungal (7% versus 14%) infections was similar in both groups. Ofloxacin was significantly better tolerated than trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and shortened the duration of fever (p = 0.02) and of parenteral antimicrobial therapy for presumed or documented acquired infection (p = 0.01). Ofloxacin appears to be a safe, effective, well-tolerated alternative to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for preventing gram-negative infection in acute leukemia, but more effective prophylaxis of gram-positive infections is still needed.
Infection
PMID:Ofloxacin versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for prevention of infection in patients with acute leukemia and granulocytopenia. 205 Apr 24

The value of C-reactive protein (CRP) determinations in the analysis of fever after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was studied prospectively by serial measurements of serum CRP levels during 30 BMT episodes in 28 children and adolescents. The treatments and procedures accompanying BMT did not elicit a significant CRP response. Forty-three febrile episodes were registered and analyzed, without previous knowledge of the results of CRP determinations. The incidence of bacterial infection and acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) was low, 8/30 and 5/30, respectively. Raised CRP levels occurred only once in association with GvHD. A CRP level higher than 50 mg/l was not sensitive as an indicator of bacterial infection (4/8). A CRP level below 50 mg/l in the presence of fever, however, excluded bacterial infection with a specificity of 86% and a negative predictive value of 88%. When timed properly and interpreted together with clinical and microbiological findings, CRP measurements can be a valuable aid in the management of fever after BMT, especially as a negative predictor.
Infection
PMID:C-reactive protein in the management of children with fever after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. 205 Apr 27

We investigated the immune response of the prostate to bacteriuria and bacterial prostatitis. In men with no histories of urinary tract infection the ratio of IgG:IgA in the expressed prostatic secretions was less than in the serum; most of the IgA was in the secretory form, and immunoglobulin directed against bacterial antigen was almost never detectable. In contrast antibacterial IgG and IgA were usually detectable in the expressed prostatic secretions of men with recent bacteriuria or bacterial prostatitis. The results of quantitative assays for antibacterial immunoglobulin in the expressed prostatic secretions and serum were consistent with local synthesis and secretion of antibacterial IgA. The immune response of the prostate to bacterial infection has the characteristics of secretory immunity.
Infection 1991
PMID:Secretory immunity of the prostate gland. 205 48

Specimens were obtained from two patients with culture-proven Propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis who had undergone vitrectomy. Wright's and Giemsa stains were performed using cytospin preparations of the dilute vitreous and revealed a predominance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (80% to 90%). The remaining inflammatory cells in the vitreous were mostly macrophages (10% to 15%); very few lymphocytes were present (less than 5%). Immunohistochemical studies using monoclonal antibodies confirmed the paucity of lymphocytes. Most lymphocytes were CD4+ helper/inducer T cells. Almost no CD8+ suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes or B lymphocytes were found. The inflammatory response in these two patients is most characteristic of acute inflammation and consistent with an underlying bacterial infection, despite a clinical picture of persistent, low-grade inflammation. Infection with P acnes has been shown to inhibit CD8+ T cells and may play a role in the persistent inflammation in cases of P acnes endophthalmitis.
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry of the inflammatory response in Propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis. 206 79


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