Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0004623 (bacterial infection)
 15,226 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a retrospective study of 106 patients with bacterial infections from 322 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) resulting in 33 percent. Epidemiological profile of bacterial infection in HIV patient is the same that observed in tunisian patient with HIV: a young male infected mainly by sexual route. Bacterial infection is located in the lungs in 38.3 percent, in the skin in 16.5 percent, in upper respiratory tract and oral in 12.7 percent, sexually transmitted disease and bacteremia are respectively found in 12 percent, bacterial genito-urinary tract infection in 5.3 percent, bacterial gastro-intestinal tact infection in 2.3 percent and meningitis in 0.8 percent. Bacterial infections occur at all stages in patients with HIV, but mainly in 77.7 percent at AIDS stage. Regardless the infectious site, granulocytes number is normal in 66 percent of cases. Bacterial investigation find a bacterial specie in 14.3 percent and a bacterial positive serology in 11.2 percent. Mortality caused by bacterial infection is found in 11.3 percent.
 ...
PMID:[Bacterial infections in AIDS (mycobacterial infections excluded): study of 100 cases]. 1270 77

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL; also known as mannan-binding lectin) is an important component of innate immunity. MBL levels are mainly genetically determined. Low serum MBL levels and their cognate haplotypes have been associated with a wide range of infections. However, most subjects with MBL deficiency remain healthy. MBL deficiency is also associated with non-infectious diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, cystic fibrosis and common variable immunodeficiency. MBL deficiency may affect susceptibility to (e.g. meningococcal disease), or alter the natural history of (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, cystic fibrosis), a disease. MBL (plasma-derived or recombinant) therapy has yet to be shown to be safe and effective. Potentially it may be useful in MBL-deficient patients to reduce susceptibility to, or enhance recovery from, bacterial infection or to alter the natural history of a disease (disease-modifying drug). In practise the place of MBL therapy may be as a disease-modifying drug to reduce the severity of rheumatoid arthritis and to preserve lung and liver function in cystic fibrosis. MBL therapy may also ameliorate various immunodeficiency syndromes. A potential hazard of MBL therapy is enhanced complement-mediated host damage. The place of MBL therapy will await results of randomized controlled clinical trials.
 ...
PMID:Clinical potential of mannose-binding lectin-replacement therapy. 1288 1

Rupture of follicular (epidermoid) cysts is believed to be the consequence of bacterial infection. We report a 24-year-old man with idiopathic CD4 lymphopenia and chronic Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection who developed multiple, recurring painful abscesses over the distal extremities that increased in number and severity when systemic steroid and interferon-gamma treatment was instituted for interstitial lung disease. Cultures were consistently negative for microorganisms, but pathological examination revealed ruptured epidermoid cyst walls with human papillomavirus (HPV) viropathic changes (keratinocytes with perinuclear halos and abundant basophilic keratohyaline granules). Cutaneous examination showed numerous, widespread flat-topped papules and achromic macules over the extremities, head and neck. Nested polymerase chain reaction analysis for HPV DNA revealed that the abscess-related cyst walls harboured epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV)-associated HPV types 20, 24, alb-7 (AY013872) and 80. His cutaneous lesions harboured HPV types 3, 8 and 80. Similar to past reports, our patient developed an EV-like eruption in the setting of immunodeficiency. In this instance, EV-associated HPV infection of the follicular infundibular epithelium or pre-existing cysts in the setting of immunodeficiency may have led to cystic growth, rupture and subsequent painful inflammation.
 ...
PMID:Recurrent 'sterile' verrucous cyst abscesses and epidermodysplasia verruciformis-like eruption associated with idiopathic CD4 lymphopenia. 1451 Oct

Hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder. We report a case of a 6-month-old boy who suffered from developmental delays, frequent respiratory tract infection, and unusual fungal and bacterial infection. X-linked hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome was ultimately diagnosed with decreasing immunoglobulin-G, A, and E (immunoglobulin G = 51.3 mg/dL, immunoglobulin A = 8.32 mg/dL, immunoglobulin E <17.5 mg/dL), elevating immunoglobulin M (immunoglobulin M = 140 mg/dL), and decreasing T-cell expression of the CD40 ligand over flow cytometry. Seizure episodes and hypotonia developed with greater signal intensity at the putamen in a brain magnetic resonance imaging, which is compatible with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. This is the youngest proven case of hyper-IgM syndrome in Taiwan ever reported.
 ...
PMID:Hyper-IgM syndrome: a case report. 1458 69

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is rare in children. It is generally diagnosed in relation to a viral or bacterial infection but has also been described in association with drugs, autoimmune disease, malignancy, and immunodeficiency. The authors describe a 5-month-old infant who presented with severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation as his initial manifestation of HIV infection.
 ...
PMID:HIV infection presenting as severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia with disseminated intravascular coagulation in an infant. 1470 3

Almost all children living in endemic zones are infected by gastrointestinal parasites. However only 3 to 5% develop diarrhea directly related to parasite infection. Entamoeba hystolytica and Entamoeba dispar coexist in many areas. In the past Entamoeba dispar was called non-pathogenic ameba. The vegetating forms are microscopically identical and detection of wall differences using biochemical tests is unreliable. Thus since it is rarely possible to determine whether or not a vegetating ameba found in stools is hematophagous treatment using metronidazole is the only alternative. Failure of such treatment indicates that dysentery is probably due to a cause other than amibiasis, e.g., bacterial infection in most cases. Another protozoan commonly found in endemic areas is Giardia. Giardia can cause diarrhea and this is frequently the case in undernourished children. Giardia infection leads to severe atrophic villosity requiring appropriate specific treatment. In children cryptosporidioses may be asymptomatic or lead to diarrhea especially in cases associated with malnutrition or immunodeficiency related in particular to AIDS. Helminths are a rare cause of significant diarrhea except Anguillula in undernourished children. In children presenting severe malnutrition, anguilluliasis can lead to serious consequences and requires immediate treatment using ivermectin. To avoid severe diarrhea in children presenting immunodeficiency induced by corticotherapy or chemotherapy for cancer, prophylaxis is mandatory against anguilluliasis using ivermectin and usually against giardiasis using metronidazole.
 ...
PMID:[Parasitic diarrhea in eutrophic and malnourished children]. 1476 99

The clinical presentation of colitis associated with Clostridium difficile infection in immunosuppressed patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has not been completely characterized. Previous reports suggest that these patients present with low blood leukocyte counts, consistent with the impaired myelopoiesis that can occur with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In contrast, we describe the cases of two patients with colitis associated with C difficile infection who developed intense leukemoid reactions despite being in advanced stages of AIDS. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first described cases of leukemoid reaction associated with C difficile or other bacterial infection in AIDS patients. We review the literature on C difficile colitis in patients infected with HIV and suggest that severe C difficile infection should be considered in such patients presenting with leukemoid reaction and diarrhea.
 ...
PMID:Leukemoid reaction due to Clostridium dificile infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: two case reports and a review of the literature. 1510 34

X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome (XHIM), or hyper-IgM syndrome type 1 (HIGM1), is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder susceptible to recurrent bacterial infection and opportunistic infection such as Pneumocystis carinii and Cryptosporidium parvum. The long-term outcome is quite poor, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers the only cure. Seven patients with XHIM, from age 3 to 19 years (mean 11.3 years), underwent allogeneic HSCT in our institution. Details of pre- and post-transplantation data and transplantation procedure were analyzed retrospectively. The donors were HLA-identical siblings for three patients and HLA-identical unrelated donors for four patients. All but one received conventional conditioning regimen consisting of busulfan and cyclophosphamide and prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) consisting of cyclosporine and methotrexate. Five out of seven patients are alive and well with normal CD40L expression, and four of these five are free of intravenous immunoglobulin supplementation. The two patients who died had prolonged episodes of severe and recurrent infections and organ damage. We conclude that conventional allogeneic HSCT from HLA matched related or unrelated donors is curative and feasible for XHIM patients, if performed before significant infections and organ damage occur. For the high-risk patients, an alternative approach including nonmyeloablative HSCT may be more feasible.
 ...
PMID:Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for seven children with X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome: a single center experience. 1511 94

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is the most common disseminated bacterial infection in untreated patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We investigated the potential role of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in the pathogenesis of disseminated MAC, using the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/macaque model of AIDS. Macaques were inoculated with SIV, followed by challenge with a pathogenic AIDS isolate of M. avium 14 days later. After challenge with M. avium, marked increases in serum MCP-1 levels were detected in SIV-infected macaques, a finding that was duplicated in coinoculated bronchoalveolar macrophages. MCP-1 levels were significantly higher in SIV-infected macaques than in non-SIV-infected controls (327.1 vs. 151.5 pg/mL, respectively; P=.04), suggesting that up-regulation of MCP-1 contributes to the development of progressive mycobacterial disease. Similarly, morphometric analysis revealed increased expression of MCP-1 in hepatic microgranulomas from SIV-infected macaques. We conclude that the pronounced increases in MCP-1 levels demonstrated in tissue and serum samples after M. avium inoculation may play a role in the development of disseminated mycobacterial disease.
 ...
PMID:Alterations in expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in the simian immunodeficiency virus model of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex. 1511 10

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of Flebogamma 5%, an immune globulin intravenous product, for replacement therapy in primary immunodeficient patients. The US Food and Drug Administration has proposed that the use of new products must result in < or =1 serious bacterial infection/subject/year, have acceptable safety and tolerability, and have pharmacokinetic properties similar to endogenous IgG and other commercially available immune globulin products. Flebogamma 5% was administered at seven clinical sites to 51 subjects aged 14-74 years with well-defined primary immunodeficiency diseases at a dose of 300-600 mg/kg every 21-28 days for 12 months. The calculated serious infection rate for the intent-to-treat population was 0.061/subject/year. The incidence of adverse events considered potentially related to Flebogamma 5%, and occurring during or within 72 h after completing the infusion was approximately 8%. The half-life of total IgG was 37 days. Flebogamma 5% is efficacious, safe, and well-tolerated, and does not put subjects at increased risk of adverse events other than those that could be reasonably expected in primary immunodeficient subjects who are receiving any immune globulin product.
 ...
PMID:Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of Flebogamma 5% [immune globulin intravenous (human)] for replacement therapy in primary immunodeficiency diseases. 1516 95


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10