Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0004623 (bacterial infection)
 15,226 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The monocytes of 7 patients with advanced Hdgkin's disease (stages III and IV) and of two patients with generalized lymphosarcoma exhibited a highly significant impairment of the phagocytosis of IgG-coated red cells, regardless of receiving therapy or not. In contrast three patients with M. Hodgkin, stage II B, and one with lymphosarcoma in complete remission showed a rather elevated monocyte phagocytic acitivity. The nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by monocytes in the mean was significantly enhanced in all patients investigated, compared with normal persons, although only in one patient a bacterial infection was apparent at the time of the test. The possible implication of the findings in the well known immunodeficiency present in M. Hodgkin and lymphosarcoma is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Reduced monocyte phagocytosis in patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease and lymphosarcoma. 5 Apr 73

Roentgenologic, histopathologic, electron microscopic, virologic and immunologic studies were performed to investigate the etiologic features of recurrent parotitis in children. When examined sialographically and histopathologically, it was considered that pathologic changes in the parotid gland had developed as latent chronic inflammation with mild glandular destruction long before the disease became manifest clinically with acute exacerbation. Proliferation of the duct epithelium in the regenerative process and increase of intraductal pressure due to obstruction of the salivary outflow were assumed to be the causative factors of dilative changes of the peripheral ductal system. Investigation of complement fixation antibody, hemoagglutination inhibition antibody and neutralization antibody responses to mumps virus showed that onset of the disease was unrelated to mumps infection in the majority of cases. Increase of complement fixation antibody titer to various viruses was observed in many cases during acute exacerbation, and were considered to have brought about secondary ascending bacterial infection of the parotid gland by lowering of the systemic resistance. Comparison of serums IgA, IgG, IgM and salivary IgA in these patients with those of control children did not reveal participation of immunodeficiency in the development of this disease. But judging from the results of the long-term clinical follow-up study it was difficult to disregard the possibility that physiological immaturity of the immune response in young children may play some role in onset and recurrent exacerbation of the disease.
 ...
PMID:A study on the pathogenesis of recurrent parotitis in childhood. 11 98

Nineteen patients with a variety of well-defined primary immunodeficiency diseases were examined for ocular abnormalities. Eight patients with low levels, or absence, of all the major serum immunoglobulins had conjunctivitis or keratoconjunctivitis associated with bacterial infection. The remaining 11 patients, who had at least one immunoglobulin class present in normal concentration in the serum, showed no inflammatory ocular lesion. Absence of only IgA, the major tear immunoglobulin, did not predispose the eye to these lesions.
 ...
PMID:Conjuctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis associated with primary immunodeficiency diseases. 33 23

Endobronchial scraping was used in 53 immunodeficient children, aged 4 months to 15 years, and divided into three categories (37 receiving immunosuppression treatment, 8 with marasmus, and 8 with immunodeficiency), in order to determine the etiology of their interstitial pneumopathy. The examination was made under blind conditions in 21 cases using an intubation tube (under assisted ventilation), and with bronchoscopy under general anesthesia in the other 32 cases. Three scrapings were required for cytological, bacteriological, and virological and mycological examinations. In 32 cases (60%), the etiology of the interstitial pneumopathy was discovered; in 18 patients it was due to pneumocystis carinii, in 10 cases to bacterial infection, in 7 cases a viral infection, and in 3 others a fungal infection. An association of infective agents was reported in 6 cases. The major incident observed was a pneumothorax in 17% of the cases, more especially in 45% of the children under 20 months of age. Bronchial scraping is a valid examination the results and complications of which compare well with other non-vascular methods of diagnostic evaluation of such lesions.
 ...
PMID:[Results of bronchial scrapings in interstitial pulmonary diseases in immunodeficient children (author's transl)]. 54 12

An attempt was made to evaluate the humoral and cellular immune status of preterm and small for dates babies born at All India Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital. The study sample included 24 term small-for-dates babies and 12 preterm babies (gestation of less than 37 weeks) and 20 term appropriate-for-dates babies who served as controls. The small-for-dates babies were subdivided into the following 2 subgroups on the basis of severity of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR): mild IUGR -- babies weighing between 3rd and 10th percentile for their gestation; and severe IUGR -- babies weighing less than 2 S.D. or 3rd percentile for their gestation. The levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), M (IgM), and A (IgA) were determined in the cord blood using the single radical diffusion technique. The B-lymphocytes were identified and counted by the surface membrane immunoglobulin (SmIg) using immunofluorescence technique. The cellular immune response was assessed by counting T-lymphocytes by E-rosette technique employing sheep red blood cells. The neonates with severe IUGR and preterm babies had significantly lower levels of IgG. The levels of IgM and IgA did not differ significantly in the 4 groups. The preterm babies had significantly higher percentage of B-lymphocytes though the absolute count was not significantly different from normal newborn babies. The absolute count B cells was significantly low in babies with severe IUGR. The babies with severe IUGR had significantly low absolute and percentage count of E-rosette forming cells as compared to normal newborn babies. The findings suggest that low birth weight babies with severe IUGR are at a greater risk to develop bacterial infection due to deficiency of both humoral and cellular immune host defenses. In contrast, preterm babies are immunologically competent though passively transferred maternal IgG levels are low. It is desirable to study the duration of immunodeficiency caused by severe IUGR and its reversibility on nutritional rehabilitation. In view of the wide prevalence of IUGR in India it is possible that inadequacy of cell mediated immune response in these infants may be associated with poor "takes" following at birth BCG and small pox vaccinations. The vaccination schedule may have to be modified depending upon the duration of immunodeficiency in babies with IUGR.
 ...
PMID:Immune status of low birth weight babies. 56 31

Actinomycosis is an uncommon bacterial infection that has a characteristic chronic indolent course. Patients with this infection frequently undergo multiple surgical procedures before a correct diagnosis is made. Perianal actinomycosis should be suspected if a nontender perianal mass is found to contain thin purulent material and small yellow particles (sulfur granules). The diagnosis is confirmed by special stains and anaerobic cultures. Recognition of this infection is important because successful treatment requires combined surgical and antibiotic therapy. We report two patients, one with diabetes mellitus and one with human immunodeficiency virus III, who had recurrent perianal abscesses caused by Actinomyces and were treated successfully with surgical drainage and antimicrobial therapy.
 ...
PMID:Actinomyces as a cause of recurrent perianal fistula in the immunocompromised patient. 159 81

To assess the diagnostic value of telescoping plugged catheters (TPC) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with pulmonary infiltrates (PI), we performed a prospective clinical study in 71 episodes of fever and PI in 66 HIV-infected patients (five patients had two different episodes of fever and PI). A control group of 12 HIV-infected patients with fever and normal chest roentgenogram was also studied. In all patients and prior to antibiotic treatment (except in mechanically ventilated patients), a TPC using quantitative cultures (cutoff point established at 10(3) CFU/ml) and a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sampling were performed via fiberoptic bronchoscope. The overall incidence of bacterial pneumonia in the study group was 21 percent. The TPC cultures resulted in a microbiologic diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in eight patients (11 percent) from the study group and in one patient (8 percent) from the control group. The TPC sensitivity in diagnosing bacterial infections was 53 percent and specificity was 76 percent. Negative predictive value was 85 percent and positive predictive value was 38 percent. By means of BAL, 35 episodes from the study group and two from the control group were diagnosed as nonbacterial or mycobacterial pulmonary infections. Considering TPC and BAL together, diagnosis was performed in 42 cases of PI (59 percent). Twenty percent (17/83) of HIV-infected patients suffered from bacterial colonization of their lower airways (a TPC culture greater than or equal to 10(3) CFU/ml without clinical evidence of bacterial infection). We conclude that the combined use of TPC and BAL may be useful in HIV-infected patients with PI, since this combined use allows the proper diagnosis of bacterial and nonbacterial infections, thereby increasing the overall diagnostic accuracy. To distinguish bacterial colonization from pulmonary infection in HIV-infected patients with PI, the cutoff point of quantitative cultures of TPC may be 10(4) CFU/ml.
 ...
PMID:Diagnostic value of telescoping plugged catheters in HIV-infected patients with pulmonary infiltrates. 162

To better define the clinical and biological evolution of infants after vertical human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, we analyzed 94 consecutive infected patients followed up after their first clinical symptoms. The expression of clinical symptoms and biological abnormalities followed a bimodal distribution, some patients having an early and severe disease and the others having a slowly progressive one. One third of our patients suffered from early onset of opportunistic infection (OI). These patients had a significantly higher incidence of severe encephalopathy compared with patients without OI. The rate of survival at 3 years was 48% +/- 24%. In contrast, the patients without early OI or severe encephalopathy had a probability of survival at 3 years of 97% +/- 3%. This probability was not modified by the occurrence of bacterial infection or lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis. Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis occurred at a mean age of 29 months, significantly later than OI or severe encephalopathy. Laboratory results at initial examination were correlated with clinical symptoms. Thus, when the number of CD4 lymphocytes was less than 500/mm3, children suffered more frequently from life-threatening symptoms (OI and severe encephalopathy): 15 of 22 vs 14 of 69. The same was true when the lymphocytes did not proliferate after antigenic stimulation, when anti-p18 and/or anti-p25 antibodies were absent in the serum, and when p24 antigen was detected in serum. Finally, severe encephalopathy was associated with low anti-human immunodeficiency virus cerebrospinal fluid antibody titer, whereas 88% of patients with moderate or no encephalopathy had signs of intrathecal anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibody synthesis. In conclusion, a subgroup of patients expressed very early signs of severe immunodeficiency and encephalopathy, whereas the majority of patients had a longer survival and less severe clinical symptoms during their first years of life than previously thought.
 ...
PMID:Longitudinal study of 94 symptomatic infants with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection. Evidence for a bimodal expression of clinical and biological symptoms. 166 56

Patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection are predisposed to fungal, parasitic, and viral infections. Bacterial infection can also be seen, although ocular bacterial infections have not been reported in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome until recently. We present two cases of Pseudomonas corneoscleritis and one case of Pseudomonas keratitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection that failed to respond to antibiotic treatment. Predisposing factors included extended-wear soft contact lens use in one patient and exposure secondary to Bell's palsy in another patient. All three patients had neutropenia that may have contributed to their poor response to treatment. Enucleation was required to treat two patients with overwhelming infection. Enucleation has been rarely required for treatment of corneoscleritis in immunocompetent patients treated at our institution. Pseudomonas keratitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients represents a serious ocular infection requiring early diagnosis and aggressive treatment.
 ...
PMID:Fulminant pseudomonal keratitis and scleritis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. 201 49

In a prospective study of 214 patients who had elective extensive operations for fractures, we compared the relative frequencies of postoperative infections in the seventeen patients who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus and had associated clinical symptoms, in the twenty-six patients who were seropositive and had no associated clinical symptoms, and in the 171 patients who were seronegative. The relative frequency of postoperative infection was significantly higher in patients who were seropositive and had associated clinical symptoms (four of seventeen) than in patients who were seronegative (eight of 171) (Fisher exact test, p = 0.01). In all patients who were seropositive and had a postoperative bacterial infection, treatment with antibiotics was effective. The results of this study suggest that people who are seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus and have associated symptoms are at increased risk for postoperative infection.
 ...
PMID:Increased frequency of infection after open reduction of fractures in patients who are seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus. 204 92


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>