Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004623 (bacterial infection)
 15,226 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The preventive capability of interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1) against bacterial infections was estimated in normal and anticancer drug-treated BALB/c mice in comparison with OK432, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interferons alpha and gamma, and interleukin 2. Pretreatment with IL-1 (days -4 and -2) resulted in a significantly higher survival rate in normal mice inoculated i.p. with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Listeria monocytogenes (day 0). The i.p. and s.c. administrations of IL-1 were equally effective for the induction of antibacterial resistance. Pretreatment with OK432 showed an equal degree of resistance to i.p. infection but was effective only by i.p. administration. Enhanced antibacterial resistance by IL-1 and OK432 was also observed in cyclophosphamide- and aminomethylpyrimidinylmethylchloroethylnitrosourea hydrochloride-pretreated (day -5) normal hosts and in cyclophosphamide-treated tumor-bearing hosts. In the case of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (i.p. or s.c.) (days -4 to -1), a statistical difference in survival rate between granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and its vehicle-treated groups was observed in cyclophosphamide-pretreated hosts, but not in normal hosts or aminomethylpyrimidinylmethylchloroethylnitrosourea hydrochloride-pretreated hosts. Viable bacteria in the peritoneal cavity and blood at 12 h after i.p. infection of K. pneumoniae correlated well with the survival rate. In IL-1-pretreated hosts, the earlier and increased accumulation of neutrophils into peritoneal cavity after the infection was observed and the number of inflammatory cells in peritoneal cavity correlated well with the survival rate. The enhanced resistance to bacterial infection by IL-1 was suggested to be in part due to the enhanced cellular defense mechanisms. The prophylactic administration of IL-1 would be beneficial for the management of serious infections in cancer patients.
Cancer Res 1990 Apr 01
PMID:Prevention of fatal infections by recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha in normal and anticancer drug-treated mice. 231 99

The practical procedures of digestive tract decontamination and prophylaxis of bacterial infection in granulocytopenic patients are debated. Fluoroquinolones are active against Gram-negative bacilli and have few side-effects. Pefloxacin was administered prophylactically to patients with cancer and granulocytopenia. None of them developed Gram-negative septicaemia, but 2 cases of streptococcal septicaemia were observed. The drug was well tolerated by all patients except one. Studies are currently in progress to try to reduce the incidence of septicaemia caused by Gram-positive cocci, using pefloxacin combined with penicillin.
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PMID:[Prevention using pefloxacin of infections in cancer patients with granulocytopenia]. 252 10

A case of malacoplakia of the thyroid gland is described in a 50-year-old Japanese woman. This lesion clinically mimicked a malignant neoplasm, and the true diagnosis of malacoplakia was made only after histologic examination; light microscopy revealed a granulomatous nodule with an accumulation of von Hansemann's histiocytes containing PAS-positive and von Kossa's-positive intracytoplasmic and extracytoplasmic inclusions known as Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. There were some foci consisting of neoplasm-like or hyperplastic residual follicles within the lesion. Electron microscopically, a small number of bacilliform organisms were demonstrated within the lesion. X-ray microanalysis of Michaelis-Gutmann bodies was performed and revealed the presence of phosphorus, calcium, iron, and chloride. It is suggested that the malacoplakic lesion may be associated with the hyperplastic or neoplastic follicular lesion, and bacterial infection could be important in the causation of malacoplakia of the thyroid gland.
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PMID:Malacoplakia of the thyroid gland. 255 21

Ninety-nine consecutive patients who received cytotoxic therapy for acute leukemia were retrospectively studied to determine the pattern of infection at the Tata Memorial Hospital, Bombay, India. In all, 224 infective episodes occurred in these patients. Bacterial infection was the commonest type, accounting for 152 (67.9%) of 224 infective episodes, followed by fungal and viral infections (15.6% and 14.3%, respectively). Gram-negative organisms (Pseudomonas and Klebsiella) were the commonest bacterial organisms isolated, constituting 38 (76%) of 50 positive cultures; infection with Staphylococcus was rare (10%). Infective hepatitis, malaria, and systemic tuberculosis were responsible for fever with neutropenia in 20, 4, and 2 patients, respectively. Three hundred fifty-two patients with lymphoproliferative malignancies were also retrospectively studied to determine the pattern of infection. Only 53 infective episodes were recorded. In these patients, in contrast to those with acute leukemia, viral infection (33 [62.3%] of 53) and pulmonary tuberculosis (18 [34%] of 53) were frequently seen. It is interesting that 50% of our patients with hairy cell leukemia also had tuberculosis. Bacterial infection was conspicuous by its absence. Knowledge of the prevailing pattern of infection permits the development of investigative and therapeutic approaches of optimal efficacy.
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PMID:Pattern of infection in hematologic malignancies: an Indian experience. 260 80

A review of consecutive previously healthy children with fever and newly discovered neutropenia without underlying malignancy, evaluated during a three-year period, was performed. A total of 68 episodes occurred in 68 patients; blood culture was performed on each. Of 17 patients who appeared compromised (ill, irritable, toxic) on presentation, five (30%) had either bacteremia or bacterial meningitis. All five patients had clinical evidence of a fulminant disease process on examination. By contrast, all 51 patients who appeared to be well on presentation were culture-negative. Fever and new-onset neutropenia in children is a heterogeneous disorder with several outcomes. Any child with fever and newly discovered neutropenia who appears ill should be presumed to be at high risk for systemic bacterial infection and receive hospitalization for parenteral antibiotic therapy. By contrast, the previously healthy child older than two months of age with fever and new-onset neutropenia who appears to be well, and whose clinical evaluation does not indicate a serious underlying disease process, is at low risk for accompanying systemic bacterial infection; hospitalization with empiric antibiotic therapy pending culture results is not warranted for the majority of such children. Close outpatient monitoring with serial evaluation of the peripheral blood absolute neutrophil count to document bone marrow recovery is recommended for such cases.
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PMID:Clinical characteristics of children with fever and transient neutropenia who experience serious bacterial infections. 260 44

Aztreonam, the first of the new class of monobactams, has a narrow and specific range of bactericidal activity; it is highly active against Gram-negative aerobic pathogens but is essentially inactive against Gram-positive or anaerobic bacteria. Several unique features indicate that aztreonam may provide an attractive choice for the treatment of serious Gram-negative infection in adults and children. Clinical study in adults has shown aztreonam to be highly effective against infections of the urinary and lower respiratory tracts, the musculoskeletal system and the female genitourinary tract. It also has proved useful in neutropenic patients, including those with cancer, and for treatment of bacterial peritonitis, gonorrhea, cellulitis and wound infections. Reported clinical and microbiologic cure rates have been comparable to those associated with traditional therapeutic approaches (85 to 100%). In the treatment of children with urinary tract infection as well as other types of infections, aztreonam therapy in a dosage of 30 mg/kg given every 6 to 8 hours was associated with satisfactory clinical and microbiologic cure rates. There appear to be specific clinical situations for which aztreonam may be an appropriate alternative to more toxic therapies, although comparative trials are needed to delineate the exact place of aztreonam in the armamentarium against bacterial infection.
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PMID:Clinical experience with aztreonam. 268 8

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been implicated in the toxic manifestations of overwhelming bacterial infection and in the tissue wasting that often accompanies prolonged infections and malignancy. We have examined a possible role of TNF in the early metabolic alterations following acute tissue injury or sepsis. Recombinant human TNF stimulated rat liver amino acid uptake up to 5-fold in vivo and there was a concomitant increase in plasma glucagon. In vitro TNF had no direct effect on hepatocyte amino acid uptake, but it markedly enhanced the stimulation of amino acid transport by glucagon, without an alteration in binding of glucagon to hepatocytes. This permissive effect of TNF on glucagon action represents an interrelationship between the immune and endocrine systems, and it may help to explain the mechanism of hormonal regulation of both the anabolic and catabolic responses to acute injury.
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PMID:Modulation of endogenous hormone action by recombinant human tumor necrosis factor. 282 98

A new, simple, non-invasive and inexpensive imaging method of internal organs, using the "Bi-Digital O-Ring Test" was developed by the author. This new imaging technique does not require any bulky expensive instruments or electric power source. Unlike currently available imaging techniques, such as NMR tomography, CAT-Scan, angiography, or ultrasonography, which expose the patient to undesirable radiation, this new imaging technique does not expose the patient to undesirable radiation, such as X-rays, strong magnetic field, ultra-sound, etc. Material required for this present simplest form is a sample of internal organs in the form of a microscopic slide or a small piece of dessicated internal organ from a human or animal and a fine probe, or its alternative method (using a focused beam of light or a positive electrical field). The imaging can be carried out any place in any emergency situation, even in a place where there are no medical facilities or electricity. In addition to imaging of the internal organs, without any prior knowledge of the patient's chief complaint or history, not only can the presence or absence of cancer of specific internal organs be suspected, even in very small size, but also the exact location of such a suspected area within the specific internal organ can be localized, even when NMR tomography or CAT-Scan has failed to detect the cancer. As a further extension of the "Bi-Digital O-Ring Test" application and imaging technique, the presence or absence of specific bacteria can be suspected and localized, using the patient's "Bi-Digital O-Ring Test" response to glass slides of pure bacteria, which can often be confirmed by bacterial culture, when culturing is feasible. Imaging of different internal organs, including the heart, blood vessels, pancreas, gall bladder, duodenum, bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, kidneys, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, thymus networks, appendix, etc. were studied. Also, detection and localization of cancer of the head of the pancreas was studied, and some of the clinical examples of these various studies are shown in this article. When the "Bi-Digital O-Ring Test" of the pancreas representation area showed minus 3 or minus 4, the author often found an abnormally enlarged body of the pancreas, with prolonged and enlarged tail of the pancreas, with suspected bacterial infection in that part of the pancreas, often accompanied by enlarged gall bladder.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:A new, simple, non-invasive imaging technique of internal organs and various cancer tissues using extended principles of the "Bi-Digital O-Ring Test" without using expensive imaging instruments or exposing the patient to any undesirable radiation--Part I. 287 98

The fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic features are described in a case of inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver (xanthogranuloma), a disease generally regarded as of unknown etiology. The initial FNA findings were those of an acute exudative process, with atypical biliary duct epithelium and hepatocytes. These were interpreted as verifying the radiologic impression of a malignancy. Histologic study of subsequently resected nodules revealed the true nature of the case. As the lesion evolved, granulomatous inflammation supervened, characterized by numerous foamy histiocytes and lesser populations of plasma cells and lymphocytes. Numerous gram-positive cocci were readily demonstrated, suggesting that the lesion was an unusual tissue response to an intrahepatic bacterial infection. The lesion eventually resolved with prolonged antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver. Report of the fine needle aspiration cytologic findings in a case initially misdiagnosed as malignant. 292 26

Urinary trypsin inhibitory capacity is mainly due to the excretion of a glycoprotein which is immunologically related to the inter alpha-trypsin inhibitor and may be a proteolytic degradation product of that substance. It was tested in 133 subjects divided into 7 groups: 24 healthy controls (group A), 21 patients with bacterial infection (group B), 37 with bacterial infection under antibiotic therapy (group C), 25 with connective tissue disease (group D), 8 with infected connective tissue disease (group E), 14 with cancer (group F) and 4 with infected cancer (group G). Urinary trypsin inhibitory capacity level was very low in controls (3.32 +/- 0.8 U/g urinary creatinine), but it was dramatically increased when infection was present (149.67 +/- 23.6 U/g urinary creatinine). This test appeared to be more effective than serum C-protein measurement simultaneous carried out in the same patients. Urinary trypsin inhibitory capacity is not related to the degree of proteinuria in the urine sample, but it is increased in patients with chronic renal failure excluded from this study. Thus, its measurement is a sensitive, easy and useful test for detecting and monitoring infections. The return to its physiological value is a very good argument in favour of therapeutic effectiveness.
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PMID:[Clinical value of the determination of urinary antitrypsin activity]. 296 52


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