Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004610 (bacteremia)
 13,199 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 3-day-old Quarter Horse colt was examined because of signs of severe depression, discomfort, and abdominal straining. The foal seemed disoriented, and the abdomen was tense and distended ventrally. The differential diagnoses included ruptured urinary bladder, retained meconium, septicemia/bacteremia, and neonatal maladjustment syndrome. Serum biochemical analysis revealed marked hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and moderate hyperkalemia, as well as mildly high urea, creatinine, and phosphorus concentrations. The primary differential diagnosis at this time was ruptured urinary bladder. Abdominocentesis was performed to confirm this diagnosis. Microscopic examination of abdominal fluid revealed calcium carbonate crystals, which originated from the urine of the foal. Biochemical analysis also confirmed the diagnosis of ruptured urinary bladder, because the ratio of peritoneal fluid creatinine to serum creatinine was 2.8:1. The foal died before surgical correction could be attempted.
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PMID:Diagnosis of ruptured urinary bladder in a foal by the identification of calcium carbonate crystals in the peritoneal fluid. 161 90

Free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of gram-negative bacterial sepsis. We assessed the effectiveness of antioxidants and chelators to alter oxidative injury in established severe experimental Escherichia coli septicemia. One hour after challenge by intraperitoneal injection of bacteria, 36 rabbits were treated with moxalactam and randomized in sets of three to receive either placebo, superoxide dismutase (SOD), or a combination of antioxidants and chelators consisting of SOD, sodium thiosulfate, alpha-tocopherol, deferoxamine, and diethyldithiocarbamate. Throughout the course of treatment, levels of bacteremia and endotoxemia were similar among the three experimental groups. Neither antioxidant-treated group was significantly different from the control group in mean arterial blood pressure, leukocyte count, platelet count, core temperature, blood lactate, oxygenation or survival. Arterial pH and [HCO3-] were significantly lower in the antioxidant combination group compared to the control and SOD groups (P less than .01). In this model, antioxidant and chelator therapy does not substantially ameliorate established septicemia.
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PMID:Effect of antioxidants in experimental Escherichia coli septicemia. 268 47

This paper describes the comparison of the Sterifil lysis-filtration (SLF) blood culture procedure with a standard Trypticase soy broth (TSB) technique. The lysing solutions employed in the SLF system, Triton X-100 (alkyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol) and sodium carbonate, were deleterious to most bacteria commonly encountered in bacteremia except staphylococci and enterococci. Candida was not adversely affected. There was a positive correlation between the tolerance of the microbial isolants to the lysing solutions and their recovery by the SLF technique. A total of 3,554 cultures were run in parallel and 398 isolants were obtained. Of 201 gram-positive isolants, 135 were recovered by both techniques, 43 were detected by the TSB technique only, and 23 were recovered only with the SLF method. In sharp contrast, of 168 gram-negative isolants, 28 were recovered in common, 130 were isolated only by TSB, and 10 were recovered only with the SLF method. The SLF method detected all cases of candidemia detected by the TSB method plus an additional 12 for a total of 29 cases. The SLF method, as currently described, is generally too toxic to bacteria for routine use in a clinical laboratory.
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PMID:Evaluation of the Sterifil lysis-filtration blood culture system. 455 98

Struvite renal stones are caused by infection of the urine with bacteria that synthesize the enzyme urease. Ammonium is released by the breakdown of urea by urease, the urine becomes highly alkaline, and magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and carbonate apatite crystallize. Incorporation of the infecting bacteria within the developing stone, results in a focus of infection that is resistant to conventional antimicrobial therapy, and which is manifested clinically by repeated urinary tract infection caused by persistent bacteriuria. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) currently is accepted as the election treatment for most renal calculi. This trial examines the bacteriologic aspects pre and post-ESWL. Eighty adult patients, 47 females and 33 males, without clinical signs of urinary tract infections (UTI) were submitted to urine cultures pre and post-ESWL. The first 50 patients underwent during and post-ESWL, 150 blood cultures, which all proved to be negative, confirming very low risk of generalized sepsis. No patient presented fever, chills or rigors pre or postprocedures. With respect to urine cultures 43 patients (52.5%) had a pre-ESWL UTI, in comparison to 49 (60%) who had a UTI post-ESWL. The distribution of organisms pre and post-ESWL was as follows: Proteus mirabilis (22/22), Escherichia coli (11/11), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4/5), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2/2), Enterobacter cloacae (0/1), Alcaligenes odorans (1/2) Enterococcus faecalis (1/3), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (1/2) and Candida albicans (1/1). In this study 6 patients presented bacteriuria post-ESWL probably due to bacteria from inside the calculi. According to these results, the risk of bacteremia seems to be very low. In 60% of staghorn renal stones we could demonstrate a bacterial infection.
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PMID:[Staghorn renal lithiasis treated with shock waves. Bacteriologic aspects]. 765 75

Most staghorn calculi are infection stones composed of struvite and/or carbonate apatite. Sometimes, cystine, uric acid, whewellite and brushite stones also assume a staghorn configuration when located in the kidney. It is very important in stone crushing to know the composition and architecture of the stones. Struvite stones show a concentric laminal structure and are fragile because of wide interstices of crystals and rich organic matrix. These stones usually contain many bacterial colonies in the interstices of crystals and bacteria break out of the stones when they are crushed. Therefore, perioperative administration of antibiotics is necessary for prevention of bacteremia and sepsis. Whewellite stones and uric acid stones have a smooth surface and reveal compact radial and laminal structure especially in the peripheral layer. They are very hard and are refractory to crushing, and the fragments are large. Cystine stones show a compact radial monomineral texture and are very hard. The fragments made by crushing are large. Therefore, combination therapy of stone crushing and irrigation of alkali solution may be useful for treatment of cystine stones as well as uric acid stones. Calcium phosphate stones, hydroxyapatite or brushite stones, are rare and are formed in hyperparathyroidism, Cushing syndrome and renal tubular acidosis. Hydroxyapatite stones are rich in matrix and fragile. Brushite stones reveal radiate structure and are hard. There is no general method of treatment for staghorn calculi but we should select the most reasonable method including open surgery for each case taking into consideration the stone composition, predisposing factors and possibility of stone residue and recurrence.
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PMID:[Treatment of staghorn calculi on the basis of composition and structure]. 826 80

A dengue epidemic is one of the most important public health problems in the tropical and subtropical areas of the World. In 2005, 7,062 dengue cases were reported in Tamaulipas on Mexico's eastern coast, including 1,832 (26%) cases classified as Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). Dengue fever (DF) is characterized by fever, intense headache, myalgias, arthralgias, rash, nausea and vomiting. A proportion of infected persons may develop DHF characterized by prominent hemorrhagic manifestations associated with thrombocytopenia. An immune mechanism of thrombocytopenia due to increased platelet destruction appears to be operative in patients with DHF. Excessive capillary permeability may lead to Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). Patients with DHF/DSS who also have prolonged fever (> 5 days) are at high risk for concurrent bacteremia. Standard treatment is limited to electrolytic solutions, rest, measurements of body temperature, blood pressure, hematocrit, platelet count, and administration of antipyretics like paracetamol when fever is too high. Extracellular calcium plays a key role in platelet aggregation and for the regulation of the immune response in personsinfected with Dengue Virus (DV), and dihydroxy-vitamin D has recently been found to alter IL-12 expression anddendritic cell maturation. We report the cases of five patients who received oral calcium carbonate plus Vitamin D3, who improved overall clinical condition and reduced the duration of signs and symptoms of DF.
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PMID:Clinical response in patients with dengue fever to oral calcium plus vitamin D administration: study of 5 cases. 2212 11