Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004610 (bacteremia)
 13,199 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Symptomatic infection with Salmonella heidelberg developed in 55 children after their admission to the pediatric wards of two adjacent hospiatls in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Many of these children had been hospitalized for the treatment of diarrhea of unidentified etiology. In 25 of these patients, Salmonella bacteremia was documented. Five had clinically unsuspected and untreated bacteremia with no evidence of complications during the follow-up period of four and a half months. The remaining 30 had "standard" symptomatic infection due to S. heidelberg. Eight children died; four of these proved to be bacteremic. The index patient, who also introduced the infection into one of the hospitals, was identified. Person to person spread perpetuated the outbreak within and between the two hospitals for nearly four months. Although neonates with salmonellosis had a higher rate of bacteremia than other children, no other specific predisposing factors for Salmonella bacteremia were identified. Laboratory studies of the epidemic strain revealed neither invasive nor enterotoxic properties of the organisms, nor enhanced virulence in laboratory mice. Cohort nursing and isolation of patients with positive cultures halted the epidemic. Nontyphoid Salmonella bacteremia, sometimes clinically unsuspected and self-limited, should be recognized as a frequent accompaniment of Salmonella enteritis in young hospitalized children.
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PMID:Salmonella heidelberg enteritis and bacteremia. An epidemic on two pediatric wards. 127 84

We correlated the height of fever with underlying infectious etiology in 683 consecutive febrile infants aged four to eight weeks who received outpatient evaluation for sepsis during a five-year period. The relative number of infants with fever was inversely proportional to fever height, as 51% had a temperature 38.1-38.9 degrees C, 45% had a temperature 39-39.9 degrees C, and 4% had a temperature greater than or equal to 40 degrees C [hyperpyrexia]. There were 34 cases of serious bacterial infections [SBI], including 16 cases of urinary tract infection, 8 cases of bacteremia, 6 cases of bacterial meningitis, and 4 cases of Salmonella enteritis. The rate of SBI increased in direct proportion to fever height, being 3.2% in those with a temperature 38.1-38.9 degrees C, 5.2% in those with a temperature 39-39.9 degrees C, and 26% in those with a temperature greater than or equal to 40 degrees C. The 6.8% rate of SBI in those with fever greater than or equal to 39 degrees C was significantly greater than the 3.2% rate in those with fever less than 39 degrees C [p less than 0.035]; and the 26% rate of SBI in those with hyperpyrexia was significantly greater than the 4.1% rate in those with fever less than 40 degrees C [p less than 0.000004]. In identifying those with SBI, the presence of hyperpyrexia had a sensitivity of 21%, specificity of 97%, positive-predictive value of 25%, and negative-predictive value of 96%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Relationship of fever magnitude to rate of serious bacterial infections in infants aged 4-8 weeks. 191 47

There was a local epidemic of Salmonella enteritis in southern part of Taiwan during the summer of 1989. From July through September 1989, a total 162 cases of enteritis were analysed in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung. Among them, 46 cases were proved to be Salmonella enteritis by stool and/or blood culture. The identified flora group mainly group B (Salmonella typhimurium, 87%), group C (Salmonella choleraesuis, 6.5%) and group D (Salmonella enteritidis, 6.5%). The drug resistance of Salmonella enteritis of traditional antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) in apparently increasing. We found that 43.5% of cases were uniformly resistant to all 3 antimicrobial agents as mentioned above. Of the 4 infants who developed bacteremia, 2 were less than 3 months old and their blood culture grew out group B. Salmonella, but fortunately no complication were found during hospitalization. The other 2 cases were proved to be caused by group C Salmonella which was reported to have higher incidence of ensuing bacteremia. This study revealed that persistent bacteremia could be present in the absence of fever and toxic signs. Newer, third generation cephalosporins such as cefotaxime of ceftriaxone should be initiated promptly.
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PMID:[Epidemiology and clinical evaluation of Salmonella enteritis]. 228 66

To identify the risks and predictors for extraintestinal Salmonella infection (ETI) in infants and children with nontyphoidal Salmonella enteritis, we performed a retrospective review of 326 infants and children with diarrhea and rectal swab cultures positive for nontyphoidal Salmonella enteritis seen at Ramathibodi Hospital between 1981 and 1983. Nineteen patients had bacteremia. The overall rate of bacteremia was 5.8% which was 24.3% of those having blood cultures taken. Salmonella typhimurium was the most common cause of ETI and the most invasive among the common serotypes causing enteritis. The clinical characteristics of the patients with high probabilities of having ETI were: younger than 6 months of age; high body temperature; and immunocompromising conditions. The observed frequency of ETI in these patients was 21.9 to 26.3% compared with 0 to 0.7% in patients without those risk factors.
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PMID:Predictors for extraintestinal infection in Salmonella enteritis in Thailand. 334 Apr 58

Bacteremia constitutes a major challenge to the aged patient because the pathophysiological derangements that ensue pose an immediate threat to life. Compared to younger adults the elderly suffer bacteremia more frequently in association with pneumococcal pneumonia and salmonella enteritis/colitis. A prospective study to detect bacteremia was performed on 68 consecutive women with pyelonephritis requiring hospitalization. The data indicate that bacteremia occurs more frequently in elderly than in young women with nonobstructive pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Bacteremic urosepsis: a phenomenon unique to elderly women. 396 26

Eleven of 20 patients with chronic granulomatous disease (55%) developed serious gastrointestinal complications requiring surgical consultation or operation over a 10-year period with an average of 2.2 complications per patient. The mean age of onset of symptoms was 12 years (range 2.5 months to 25 years), and 91% of the patients were male. Admission for gastrointestinal complications constituted 18% of all admissions for these patients; the mean hospitalization time was 27.8 +/- 3.5 (SEM) days. Hepatic abscess, the most common complication, occurred in 16 instances. Perirectal abscess developed in three patients and gastric outlet obstruction developed in two patients. Other complications included appendicitis, acalculous cholecystitis, and Salmonella enteritis. Open hepatic debridement and external drainage combined with long-term intravenous antibiotics (mean 25.2 +/- 4.8 days) were curative in every case, but operative morbidity was frequent and severe. Twelve major complications accompanied open hepatic drainage in 14 cases including wound disruption, prolonged febrile course, subhepatic abscess, and recurrent hepatic abscess. Five secondary operations were required for treatment of these complications. Gastric outlet obstruction, by contrast, was successfully managed nonoperatively. Staphylococcus aureus was an etiologic agent in 66% of the cases, but many other aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative organisms were isolated. Anaerobic bacteria were unusual. Bacteremia occurred only once.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal complications of chronic granulomatous disease: surgical implications. 662 57

We reviewed 356 consecutive cases of febrile infants aged 8 to 12 weeks who received outpatient evaluation for sepsis over 4 years. Thirty-three infants (9.3%) had a serious bacterial infection (SBI), including bacterial meningitis, bacteremia, urinary tract infection (UTI), and Salmonella enteritis. The SBI rate, which was directly proportional to fever height, was significantly greater for infants with hyperpyrexia (35%) than those with lesser degrees of fever (7.7%) and for infants with peripheral blood leukocytosis (total WBC count > or = 15,000/mm3; 25%) than those with lesser total WBC counts (5.8%). An attending-level physician judged that 67% of infants with SBI appeared to be "well," including five or eight cases (63%) of bacteremia, 14 of 17 cases (82%) of UTI, and all three cases of Salmonella enteritis, whereas all five patients with bacterial meningitis appeared to be "ill." Urinalysis abnormalities indicative of UTI were present in 15 of 17 infants (88%) who had this infection. SBIs are not uncommon in febrile infants aged 8 to 12 weeks and occur significantly more often in those with either hyperpyrexia or peripheral blood leukocytosis.
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PMID:The clinical characteristics and infectious outcomes of febrile infants aged 8 to 12 weeks. 820 Jan 62

Recurrent invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection is an AIDS-defining illness that has become less common in the developed world in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), while it has emerged as a major public health problem in developing countries, particularly sub-Saharan Africa. We retrospectively analyzed Salmonella (NTS) infection in HIV/AIDS patients from June 2003 until December 2009 at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Medical Center. Bacterial isolates from all patients were tested for selected microbiological properties, including major Salmonella (NTS) virulence loci rpoS, sodCI, spvB, and sseI. Fourteen percent of all Salmonella (NTS) cases recorded at the UCSD Medical Center during this period occurred in known HIV/AIDS patients. The clinical presentations in HIV patients fell into two distinct groups, bacteremia and enteritis. There was little clinical overlap between these two syndromes. All strains were positive for the presence of the rpoS and sodCI virulence loci, and 75% of strains were positive for the presence of the spvB and sseI loci. Antibiotic susceptibility assay showed that all strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin. The clinical presentation did not have a clear relationship to the CD4(+) cell count. Of the bacteremic isolates, all but one isolate, drawn from a patient with substantial enteric comorbidities, had all of the virulence genes tested, but 66% of nonbacteremic, enteritis strains also contained all the tested virulence loci. In conclusion, neither patients' CD4(+) cell count nor bacterial strain properties necessarily predicted the clinical presentation of HIV/AIDS patients with Salmonella (NTS) infection, and AIDS patients can have episodes of Salmonella enteritis without dissemination.
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PMID:Microbiological analysis of nontyphoidal Salmonella strains causing distinct syndromes of bacteremia or enteritis in HIV/AIDS patients in San Diego, California. 2293 5