Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004610 (bacteremia)
 13,199 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This is the first reported case of fiberoptic bronchoscopy associated with bacteremia originating in the respiratory tract. The patient had a gram-negative bacterial bronchitis before fiberoptic bronchoscopy and later died of complications of the bacteremia.
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PMID:Bacteremia related to fiberoptic bronchoscopy. A case report. 112 90

Antibody to the non-serotype-specific cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) of Streptococcus pneumoniae has been said to confer a degree of non-serotype-specific protection against pneumococcal infection. The hypothesis underlying the present study was that if this antibody is protective, relatively higher levels are likely to be detected in patients who are colonized by pneumococci but do not have infection, those who have febrile bronchitis but do not have pneumonia, and those who have pneumococcal pneumonia but are not bacteremic. Mean IgG reactive with CWPS by ELISA in 15 healthy young adults was 43.9 micrograms/ml and in 126 randomly selected hospital patients of all ages was 41.9 micrograms/ml. In subjects with chronic bronchitis with or without known pneumococcal carriage, mean anti-CWPS IgG was 87.7 micrograms/ml. In three groups of patients (3 with acute purulent tracheobronchitis, 13 with nonbacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia, and 14 with S. pneumoniae bacteremia) at the time of admission, mean antibody levels were essentially identical, 104.9-110.1 micrograms/ml. The data suggest that naturally present anti-CWPS IgG does not protect against the evolution of acute pneumococcal infection from colonization to acute purulent bronchitis, from bronchitis to pneumonia, or from pneumonia to bacteremia.
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PMID:Does naturally acquired IgG antibody to cell wall polysaccharide protect human subjects against pneumococcal infection? 231 67

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (MK-0787/MK-0791), a newly developed combined antibiotic in a 1:1 ratio, were performed in the field of pediatrics. The MK-0787/MK-0791 was administered to 15 children. Ten and 20 mg/kg doses of MK-0787 were administered by a intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes to 3 children each. In the remaining 9 cases, MK-0787 doses of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg were administered to 3 children each by a 1 hour intravenous drip infusion. Levels of MK-0787 and MK-0791 in plasma, urine and urinary recovery rate of the drugs were also determined. In addition, MK-0787/MK-0791 was administered to a total of 29 children; 2 children with bronchitis, 16 with pneumonia, 4 with UTI, 2 with purulent lymphadenitis and 1 child each with tonsillitis, septicemia suspected disease, peritonitis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and osteomyelitis/bacteremia. The average single dose was 15.3 mg/kg of MK-0787 and administrations were performed by 20-60 minutes intravenous drip infusion 3-4 times daily for an average period of 6 days. The clinical and bacteriological effects of this drug were evaluated in these cases and adverse reactions and unusual laboratory findings were also studied in a total of 33 cases including 4 other drop-out cases. Results of these studies were summarized as follows. In 6 children, 3 each who were given doses of 10 or 20 mg/kg, the mean peak plasma concentrations of the drugs were found at the end of the 30 minutes-infusion with values of 35.20 and 74.90 micrograms/ml for MK-0787 and 44.85 and 93.32 micrograms/ml for MK-0791 after the dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. The peak plasma levels of MK-0791 were approximately 1.3 times higher than those of MK-0787 and higher peak levels were observed in the groups with larger doses of either drugs. In the 10 mg/kg group, the mean half-lives of MK-0787 and MK-0791 were 0.97 and 0.71 hour, respectively and those values were 0.89 and 0.63 hour, respectively in the 20 mg/kg group. In both group, MK-0787 tended to have longer half-lives than MK-0791. In 9 children, 3 each who were administered doses of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg by a 1 hour intravenous drip infusion had the highest plasma levels for both MK-0787 and MK-0791 at the end of the infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the pediatric field]. 346 84

Aztreonam (AZT) was evaluated for its safety, clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics in children. AZT was effective in all the 16 children with Gram-negative bacterial infections. The diagnoses included acute bronchitis and pneumonia (11), UTI (2), UTI with bacteremia (1), purulent meningitis (1) and acute mucositis (1). The etiologic agents were H. influenzae (10), B. catarrhalis (1), N. meningitidis group C (1), E. coli (3) and P. aeruginosa (2). The serum half-life was approximately 1.2 hours after intravenous bolus injection. Penetration into the inflamed cerebrospinal fluid was good not only in acute purulent meningitis but also in viral meningitis. From the present study, AZT is a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with Gram-negative bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluations of aztreonam in children]. 409 55

Ceftazidime ( CAZ ), a newly-developed parenteral cephem antibiotic, was administered to 8 children; by one shot intravenous (i.v.) injection in the doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg each to 2 children, and by 30 minutes' i.v. drip infusion in the doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg each to 2 children, and the serum levels, urinary levels and recovery rates were determined. CAZ was also administered to 2 patients with purulent meningitis, one complicated with subdural abscess and the other with bacteremia, in the doses of 19.2 and 50.7 mg/kg, respectively, by one shot i.v. injection, and the CSF level of CAZ was determined. In addition, CAZ was administered to 2 children with acute bronchitis, 1 with chronic bronchitis, 37 with pneumonia, 3 with pleuropneumonia, 1 each for purulent meningitis, purulent meningitis accompanied with subdural abscess and purulent meningitis with bacteremia, 5 with urinary tract infections and 3 with purulent lymphadenitis (total 54 children), in the mean dose of 85.8 mg/kg/day mostly in 4 divided doses by one shot i.v. injection for 9 days on the average, and clinical effectiveness and bacteriological response were evaluated in these cases, and adverse events and abnormal laboratory findings were examined in the 66 cases which included 12 drop-out cases. 1. After the administration of CAZ to 4 children; 20 and 40 mg/kg each to 2 children, by one shot i.v. injection, the mean serum levels got to the peak of 115.8 and 199.5 mcg/ml, respectively, at 5 minutes. The results were good, showing dose response. The mean half-lives were 1.48 and 1.37 hours, respectively. After the administration of 10 and 20 mg/kg of CAZ each to 2 children by 30 minutes' i.v. drip infusion, the mean serum levels got to the peak of 58.5 and 80.0 mcg/ml, respectively, on completion of the administration, showing dose response. The mean half-lives were 1.06 hours in the former 2 cases, and 1.38 and 3.26 hours, respectively, in the latter 2 cases. The reason for the prolongation observed in 1 case was not clear. 2. In the above mentioned each 2 cases receiving one i.v. injection, the mean urinary levels got to the peak of 4,240 and 4,445 mcg/ml, respectively, at 0-2 hours after the administration , and the urinary recovery rates during the first 6 hours were high, 95.7% and 99.5%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of ceftazidime in the pediatric field]. 637 61

Ten inpatients at the Second Department of Internal Medicine, Mie University Hospital, developed infections in the course of treatment for hematopoietic disorders and were administered cefoxitin (CFX). Patients suffered from the following infections: pharyngitis, 2; bronchitis, 2; pneumonia, 2; sepsis, 2; bacteremia, 1; suspected cases of bacteremia, 2; and fever of unknown origin, 1. The number of infections totaled 12 as 1 patient with pharyngitis also developed sepsis and 1 patient with pneumonia developed bacteremia. Duration for the administration of CFX ranged between 5 and 18 days with a total dosage of between 30 and 108 g. Of the 10 patients treated with CFX, 9 were treated concomitantly with micronomicin (MCR), doxycycline (DOXY), or sulbenicillin (SBPC), some were treated concomitantly with only 1 of the drugs and some were treated concomitantly with 2 of the drugs. The following clinical results were obtained: Following treatment, 4 patients were considered "excellent", 5, "good", and 3, "poor". Clinical efficacy rate was 75%. Four strains of Gram-positive cocci (1 strain of S. aureus, 2 strains of S. epidermidis and 1 strain of Streptococcus sp.) and 3 strains of Gram-negative rods (2 strains of P. aeruginosa and 1 strain of E. cloacae) were found in the clinical specimens of the 10 patients. These results differed somewhat from reported data that Gram-negative rods such as E. coli, Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp., Serratia sp., are dominant. No serious side effects requiring cessation of treatment were observed. Elevations in the levels of S-GOT, S-GPT, serum alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, etc. were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical experience with cefoxitin in infections associated with hematopoietic disorders]. 667 23

Biapenem (L-627) was evaluated for its efficacy and safety. The following results were obtained. L-627 was given to 9 patients with infections: 3 with pneumonia, 1 with acute bronchopneumonia, 1 with acute bronchitis, 1 with bacteremia, 1 with tonsillitis, 2 with exceptional case. Therapeutic responses were excellent in 3, good in 4, with an efficacy rate of 100%. Adverse reactions were noted. No abnormalities were shown in laboratory data. It has been concluded that L-627 is a useful drug for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of biapenem (L-627) in children]. 793 21

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) suffer from severe chronic pulmonary infections but rarely develop bacteremia/septicemia suggestive of an intact splenic mononuclear phagocyte function. The splenic function of 25 patients diagnosed with CF, aged 2 to 37 years, was evaluated using erythrocyte pit count by direct interference contrast microscopy. Results were compared with patients with sickle cell disease and normal individuals. All CF patients displayed normal splenic function by pit count. The mean percentage of pitted erythrocytes was 0.20 +/- 0.28 (range: 0.0% to 1.0%) versus 0.19 +/- 0.33 (range: 0.0% to 1.4%) in normal eusplenic controls. There were no episodes of bacteremia or septicemia despite recurrent acute exacerbations of chronic bacterial bronchitis and the use of central lines. We conclude that splenic function in CF is unabridged and may account for the rarity of bacteremia/septicemia in patients with CF despite the high prevalence of chronic bronchial infection in this population.
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PMID:Intact splenic function in cystic fibrosis. 804 Sep 2

Clinical features of respiratory infection in the elderly with penicillin insusceptible (31 cases) and resistant (7 cases) Streptococcus pneumonia (PSSP/PRSP) are compared to those with penicillin sensitive S. pneumoniae (PSSP) (29 cases). Incidence of bacteremia and pneumonia was higher in the PSSP group. PISP/PRSP tend to be isolated from patients with bronchitis underlaid with chronic pulmonary disease without statistic significance. Efficacy of the penicillins and 1st and 2nd generation cephem was satisfactory except in only one case of pneumonia with PISP which needed an alternative choice to the 3rd generation cephem. Now a day the degree of resistance is not so high and the available antibiotics are sufficient for the treatment of pneumococcal infection in the elderly patients. However, the wide use of oral cephems and certain new quinolones which do not have enough activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae may increase resistance. In which case, continuous surveillance and clinical caution against this resistant strain is necessary.
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PMID:[Clinical study on penicillin insusceptible/resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the elderly patients]. 916 85

The frequency and severity of pneumococci infections, the isolation of invasive serotypes and the fact that certain serotypes develop cross-resistance to antibiotics constitute justifications for anti-pneumococci vaccination. A 23-valence vaccine (Pneumo 23) has been marketed since 1983. A meta-analysis of 9 randomized studies concluded that anti-pneumococci vaccination reduces the overall incidence of pneumococci pneumonia with bacteremia. The efficacy of the vaccine was demonstrated on 4 parameters: proven pneumococci pneumonia, proven pneumococci pneumonia and serotypes contained in the anti-pneumococci vaccine, presumed pneumococci pneumonia, presumed pneumococci pneumonia and serotypes contained in the anti-pneumococci vaccine. The efficacy of the vaccine was significant only for low-risk subjects. The protective effect was not demonstrated against pneumonia whatever the cause and against bronchitis. Other case-control or retrospective studies have also been reported. The results have been somewhat contradictory but there is a demonstration of the usefulness of vaccination in patients over 65 years of age with a moderate risk (living in institution, obstructive bronchopneumonary disease, heart failure). Vaccination is advocated not only after splenectomy and in subjects with sickle cell anemia, but also in frequently hospitalized subjects, particularly those with respiratory failure and smokers. Vaccination is also recommended in case of nephrotic syndrome or an osteomeningeal breach. In at-risk children under 2 years of age, antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended in association with vaccination. The data of revaccination is not clearly determined.
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PMID:[Anti-pneumococcal vaccine: justifications and results]. 929 13


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