Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0004610 (bacteremia)
 13,199 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The available hospital records of all pediatric patients diagnosed as having periorbital, preseptal or orbital cellulitis over a five-year period were reviewed and compared to previously reported series. Only two of 39 patients had orbital cellulitis. The 37 patients with preseptal cellulitis had two characteristic clinical presentations. Twenty-two children had local trauma, abscesses, insect bites, or impetigo as the inciting event for their cellulitis. Infection was usually caused by staphylococci or streptococci. In contrast, 15 children, 12 of whom were under 36 months, had associated upper respiratory tract infections and otitis. Haemophilus influenzae was the most commonly implicated pathogen and the children were at risk of bacteremia and metastastic infection. Determination of the location of the infection in the orbit and consideration of the clinical presentation of the patient with infection in and about the orbit are of assistance in choosing appropriate therapy. Young children who have upper respiratory tract symptoms in association with preseptal cellulitis should receive antibiotic coverage for Haemophilus.
 ...
PMID:Clinical implications of preseptal (periorbital) cellulitis in childhood. 31 May 37

A review of 104 patients with acute orbital cellulitis during the past decade showed that the frequency of hospital admissions for this disease has increased recently. Roentgenograms showed paranasal sinus in 77 of 91 patients. Haemophilus influenzae and Diplococcus pneumoniae were recovered from the blood of 20 and 6 patients, respectively. Four children had concomitant H influenzae meningitis. Bacteremia was demonstrated in 29% and more common in those with extensive orbital involvement, those not receiving antibiotics at the time of culture, and those less than 2 years old. Some of the 26 patients with less extensive involvement were bacteremic (17%), had leukocytosis, or roentgenographic evidence of sinusitis. Most children received large doses of ampicillin sodium and methicillin sodium intravenously until signs and symptoms had almost abated. With this regimen, there were no orbital, ocular, or other complications.
 ...
PMID:Acute orbital cellulitis. 126 55

Group B streptococci (GBS) have gained much attention in recent years as a cause of serious infection in the newborn. Traditionally two clinical syndromes have been defined as "early onset", with fulminant septicemia, pneumonia and meningitis, and "late onset", with a mild meningitis. More recently some previously unrecognized clinical presentations of GBS disease have been documented. These include asymptomatic bacteremia, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, ethmoiditis with orbital cellulitis, pneumoniae with empyema, conjunctivitis. The literature to date reports 30 instances of osteomyelitis due to GBS. This report describes a forty days infant with a group B streptococcal osteomyelitis of the proximal humerus. Has been also emphasized the increased frequency and the benign clinical course of streptococcal osteomyelitis in the neonate.
 ...
PMID:[Osteomyelitis and arthritis caused by Streptococcus group B in a 40-day-old boy]. 332 62

The terms periorbital (preseptal) and orbital cellulitis are often used interchangeably, obscuring important differences in their pathogenesis, bacterial etiology, clinical presentation and appropriate therapy. A review of 56 cases of periorbital cellulitis indicated that the patients could be divided into three groups: Group 1, cases secondary to paranasal sinusitis, more correctly termed inflammatory edema because the periorbital swelling is due to venous obstruction (a specific bacterial etiology is rarely documented in these patients because aspiration and culture of the sinuses are usually not performed and the infection is not associated with bacterial invasion of either the soft tissue or the blood stream); Group 2, cases associated with disruption of local skin integrity which are usually due to Staphylococcus aureus or Group A streptococci; and Group 3, cases associated with bacteremia usually occurring in infants and young children without other apparent foci of infection and caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Actual infection of the orbital contents (orbital cellulitis or abscess), marked by proptosis and ophthalmoplegia, is rare and is due either to advanced purulent sinusitis or to penetrating orbital trauma.
 ...
PMID:Periorbital cellulitis and paranasal sinusitis: a reappraisal. 717 9

Orbital cellulitis, defined as eyelid erythema and edema, proptosis and/or ophthalmoplegia, with or without visual acuity loss, is a rare, but severe infectious disease. The medical records were reviewed of 16 children, aged 18 years or under, who were admitted at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital with a diagnosis of orbital cellulitis during the period from January 1977 to June 1993. The 16 children included 13 males and 3 females. The mean age of the patients was 5.6 years. Sinusitis, diagnosed clinically and radiologically in eight cases, was the most common predisposing factor. From pus or blood in five patients, these pathogens were isolated: Staphylococcus aureus (2), viridans streptococci (1) and mixed bacterial flora (2). All of the patients were treated with systemic antibiotics. The mean duration of fever after initiation of antibiotic therapy was 2.9 days. Four patients subsequently developed complications: subperiosteal abscess (2), orbital abscess (1), and bacteremia (1). Five patients received surgical treatment. No mortality was reported. After a follow-up period of 1-2 months, no sequelae were found among any of these 16 patients.
 ...
PMID:Orbital cellulitis in children: clinical analysis of 16 cases. 757 73

From July 1999 to June 2004, we evaluated Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia in 40 children in Kamikawa and Soya Subprefectures in Hokkaido by obtaining the patient's information from 7 out of 9 hospitals in the area. The incidences of S. pneumoniae bacteremia in children aged < 2 years and < 5 years were 79.1 and 63.4. Median age was 19.6 months with a range from 4 months to 4 years. Thirty-one (77.5%) of the total were less than 2 years old. All of the children were admitted. The diagnoses were occult bacteremia in 12 patients, pneumonia or bronchitis in 11, pharyngitis in 7, pneumonia and acute otitis media in 5, acute otitis media in 3, orbital cellulitis in 1, and arthritis in 1. All of the patients had fever and temperatures and 35 (87.5%) of them were more than 39 degrees C. Ten patients had a febrile convulsion. Twenty-nine had a high total white blood cell counts (> 15,000/microg/ml) and 31 had positive CRP values (> 0.6 mg/dl) on admission. Meningitis and poor prognosis did not occur after occult bacteremia in our patients. We studied the susceptibility to penicillin G in 22 strains of S. pneumoniae isolated from the children. One and 18 strains were penicillin-resistant (MIC > or = 2.0 microg/ml) and intermediate (MIC 0.1-1.0 microg/ml).
 ...
PMID:[Study of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia in children]. 1571 76

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are becoming increasingly common in the community, especially among children.(1) Community MRSA differs from the more familiar nosocomial MRSA in having a distinct epidemiology and a broader antibiotic-susceptibility profile.(2) Community MRSA can infect the eye and orbit.(3,4) Cases have been reported in otherwise-healthy children, including chronic dacryocystitis in an 8-month-old infant and orbital cellulitis in a 16-month-old child.(5,6) I report a case of perinatally acquired community MRSA dacryocystitis and periorbital cellulitis associated with bacteremia in a 12-day-old previously healthy, full-term neonate.
 ...
PMID:Vertically acquired community methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus dacryocystitis in a neonate. 1954 Dec 61

We report a case of concurrent orbital cellulitis and endophthalmitis that resulted from endogenous complications of community-acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in an apparently healthy individual. Pseudomonas pneumonia and extensive focal skin lesions of ecthyma gangrenosum also complicated the condition. The presence of drug-induced neutropenia was a risk factor in this patient. Simultaneous orbital cellulitis and endophthalmitis developed and rapidly progressed. Intravenous, intravitreal, and topical antibiotics were administered along with frequent eye wash with normal saline to dilute copious purulent discharge from a deep subcutaneous abscess of lower eyelid. Because of the exocellular products of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the sclera and corneal stroma were degraded, resulting in nearly perforated cornea. Tarsoconjunctival flap from the upper eyelid was performed to reconstruct the thinning areas. After the infection was controlled, the patient's ultimate visual acuity was light perception.
 ...
PMID:Orbital cellulitis and endophthalmitis in pseudomonas septicemia. 1908 3

We report the first case of orbital cellulitis and endogenous endophthalmitis secondary to Proteus mirabilis bacteremia that resulted from a calculus cholecystitis. Despite resolution of the gallbladder infection with antimicrobial therapy, the patient required evisceration of the affected eye. The pathogenesis of hematogenous endophthalmitis due to Gram-negative bacilli is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Orbital cellulitis and endogenous endophthalmitis secondary to Proteus mirabilis cholecystitis. 1963 Oct 98

The authors report a case of orbital cellulitis complicating bacteremia on central catheter infection. A 51-year-old man, with a history of diabetes and end-stage renal disease, was admitted for left exophthalmos with inflammatory chemosis, fever, and worsening of his general state. The CT scan showed exophthalmos with thickening of soft tissues and infiltration of the ocular fat without collection or sinus impairment. Orbital cellulitis was diagnosed. The etiological investigations showed Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia on femoral catheter infection. Progression was favorable with antibiotics and nursing care. The authors discuss the compromised prognosis of this disease and the need for rapid diagnosis and prompt therapeutic management.
 ...
PMID:[Bacteremia on femoral catheter infection: an unusual cause of orbital cellulitis]. 2049 74


1 2 Next >>