Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004610 (bacteremia)
 13,199 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primers based on the nucleotide sequence of the virF gene in the pYV plasmid and the chromosomal ail gene were used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications to directly identify Yersinia enterocolitica in blood. Approximately 500 bacteria seeded into 100 microL of blood can be extracted and amplified by PCR to yield positive results. PCR analyses of seven Y. enterocolitica isolates previously implicated in blood contaminations showed that only one isolate harbored the plasmid-borne virF gene; however, all seven isolates were identified effectively by the PCR product amplified from the chromosomal gene. The PCR assay has the potential for use in the identification of Y. enterocolitica contamination in stored units of blood or in the rapid diagnosis of transfusion-related bacteremia caused by Y.
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PMID:Direct identification of Yersinia enterocolitica in blood by polymerase chain reaction amplification. 147 Dec 50

There have been increasing numbers of reports of transfusion-acquired Yersinia enterocolitica bacteremia (including several fatal cases). Fifteen units of whole blood were inoculated with various concentrations of Y. enterocolitica serotype 0:3 and processed into AS-3 preserved red cells (RBCs). Consistent growth of the organism was found at inoculum concentrations greater than or equal to 10 colony-forming units per mL. In all 13 units of RBCs that supported the growth of Y. enterocolitica, a darkening in color (due to hemolysis and a decrease in pO2) was observed in the bag. The attached sample segments, which were sealed from the main unit, remained sterile and did not darken. This color change was apparent in all the contaminated units by Day 35, which was 1.5 to 2 weeks after the bacteria were first detected in cultures of the blood. Hence, by comparison of the color of the segment tubing with that of the unit itself, units grossly contaminated with Y. enterocolitica can be identified prior to transfusion. Moreover, review of photographs on file at the Centers for Disease Control revealed this dramatic color change in 2 units of blood that caused transfusion-transmitted sepsis (Enterobacter agglomerans and an unidentified gram-negative bacillus, not Yersinia sp.), which demonstrated that the color change was not limited to Y. enterocolitica. This method of visual identification of contaminated units of blood could decrease the incidence of posttransfusion bacterial sepsis.
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PMID:Visual identification of bacterially contaminated red cells. 155 98

From April 1987 through August 1988, four cases of Yersinia enterocolitica bacteremia associated with red blood cell (RBC) transfusions were reported to CDC. This report summarizes findings from the investigation of an additional six cases reported from six different states from January 1989 through February 1991.
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PMID:Update: Yersinia enterocolitica bacteremia and endotoxin shock associated with red blood cell transfusions--United States, 1991. 190 May 62

Yersinia enterocolitica is increasingly recognized as a pathogen causing diverse complications. We have reported the case of a man with fever, abdominal tenderness, and Y enterocolitica bacteremia. After antibiotic therapy, his condition improved initially, but later, suppurative cervical lymphadenitis developed. This suggests that the hematogenous spread of Y enterocolitica to a distal lymphatic focus of infection is a possible complication of Y enterocolitica bacteremia.
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PMID:Suppurative cervical lymphadenitis after Yersinia enterocolitica bacteremia. 203 93

Between April 1987 and May 1989, the Centers for Disease Control investigated seven cases of transfusion-associated Yersinia enterocolitica sepsis; four were caused by organisms of serotype O:3, and one each was caused by organisms of serotype O:1,2,3; O:5,27; and O:20. All seven recipients developed septic shock after receiving units of red cells (RBCs) contaminated with Y. enterocolitica; five recipients died. The cases occurred in seven states and were unrelated. There was no evidence for contamination of the RBC units during processing. Six of the seven donors had serologic evidence of recent Y. enterocolitica infection, and it is hypothesized that these donors had asymptomatic bacteremia when they donated the implicated blood. Four of the seven donors reported gastrointestinal illness in the 4 weeks before blood donation, and one donor became ill on the day he donated blood. Y. enterocolitica grows well at 4 degrees C and in the presence of dextrose and iron. If blood is contaminated at the time of collection, storage of the RBCs at 4 degrees C provides an ideal environment for bacterial growth and endotoxin production. These cases demonstrate the need for careful evaluation of patients with transfusion reactions for possible sepsis and suggest a need to screen prospective blood donors for mild gastrointestinal illness, including those illnesses not requiring physician evaluation or medication.
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PMID:Sepsis associated with transfusion of red cells contaminated with Yersinia enterocolitica. 231 91

The anginal form of yersiniosis is described in 16 patients (1.3% of all patients with this kind of infection). Clinico-laboratory investigations revealed signs of a generalized process with bacteremia and toxemia. The syndrome complex of infectious mononucleosis is often observed in this form of yersiniosis. Two patients showed a diphtheria-like form of severe angina. In 31% of patients recurrence developed but usually without angina. The outcomes are favourable.
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PMID:[The anginal form of yersiniosis]. 239 79

We evaluated the clinical characteristics of patients with Francisella philomiragia (formerly Yersinia philomiragia) isolated from normally sterile sites. Isolates from 14 patients were received by the Centers for Disease Control between 1975 and 1987: 9 were from blood; 2 from lung biopsies; and 1 each from pleural, peritoneal, and cerebrospinal fluid. Underlying problems included chronic granulomatous disease in 5 patients, near-drowning in 5, and a myeloproliferative disease in 2. All 13 patients for whom records were available had a febrile syndrome compatible with bacterial infection. Pneumonia and fever-bacteremia were the commonest clinical syndromes reported. In 7 cases, F. philomiragia was the only sterile-site isolate, and the clinical syndrome did not resolve without appropriate antibiotics. Familiarity with this organism is important because of its ability to cause serious disease in chronic granulomatous disease and near-drowning patients. Further study may yield new insights into pathogenic and host defense mechanisms.
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PMID:Infection caused by Francisella philomiragia (formerly Yersinia philomiragia). A newly recognized human pathogen. 254 46

We compared the infections encountered in 23 renal transplant patients given the monoclonal anti-T-cell antibody, Orthoclone OKT3 (OKT3), for treatment of steroid-resistant rejection in 1986 and in 23 control patients from 1984 to 1985 with resistant rejection matched demographically, for severity of rejection and for risk factors predisposing to infection, who did not receive OKT3; recipients of OKT3 received substantially less prednisone, cyclosporine, and antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) than control patients for treatment of the rejection episode. Fourteen (61%) patients given OKT3 developed one or more infections in the 3-month period following treatment as compared with 9 control patients (39%) given conventional antirejection therapy with high-dose steroids and, usually, ALG. Patients given OKT3 were significantly more likely to develop serious infections (pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, or severe viral infection; 16 episodes vs. 4, P = .02). Six recipients of OKT3 (26%) acquired infections typically encountered in states associated with depressed cell-mediated immunity (CMI)--Listeria sepsis (2), disseminated nocardiosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (1), cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia (1), Yersinia infection with severe dermatophytosis (1), and Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative syndrome (1)--as compared with 1 case of mild CMV infection in the control group (P = .08). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) was given to 19 patients in each group; all 4 recipients of OKT3 who did not receive TMP-SMZ prophylaxis developed life-threatening infection, 3, bacteremia (2 with Listeria) and 1, disseminated nocardiosis and M tuberculosis infection. These data suggest that OKT3 given for treatment of resistant rejection in renal transplantation predisposes the patient to serious infection, particularly with opportunistic pathogens characteristically associated with depressed cell-mediated immunity. Prophylaxis with TMP-SMZ, which is safe, well tolerated, and effective for reducing the incidence of infection in renal transplantation, may be especially important during OKT3 therapy.
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PMID:Increased infections associated with the use of OKT3 for treatment of steroid-resistant rejection in renal transplantation. 327 66

Increased risk that patients with iron overload who are undergoing dialysis will have bacteremia caused by Yersinia enterocolitica has previously been shown. Iron overload is known to increase the virulence of Y. enterocolitica. Whether alterations of the phagocyte defense against this organism are also involved has not yet been determined. We compared neutrophil defense against a serum-resistant strain of Y. enterocolitica in three groups of individuals: nine patients receiving hemodialysis who had iron overload (group 1), nine patients receiving hemodialysis who did not have iron overload (group 2), and 10 healthy controls (group 3). Y. enterocolitica phagocytosis and killing were studied in the presence of autologous or pooled normal human serum. Phagocytosis was significantly decreased in group 1 compared with that in the other two groups. The use of normal serum for opsonization did not improve the phagocytosis function. Killing was moderately decreased in the group 1, but only in the presence of autologous serum. We conclude that in patients with iron overload who are undergoing dialysis, the high frequency of Yersinia bacteremia is attributable not only to increased virulence of this microorganism but also to disturbances of the mechanisms specifically involved in the neutrophil defense against Yersinia invasion.
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PMID:Impaired neutrophil defense against Yersinia enterocolitica in patients with iron overload who are undergoing dialysis. 336 Dec 31

Our purpose was to study prospectively the causes, routes of infection, and frequency of catheter-related sepsis in patients on total parenteral nutrition. From January 1981 to January 1984, cultures of 135 subclavian catheters from 135 adult patients were done by quantitative and semiquantitative methods. Twenty patients (14.8%) had catheter-related sepsis. Fourteen episodes (70%) stemmed from an colonized hub. Skin infection (Staphylococcus aureus, 2 cases), total parenteral nutrition mixture contamination (Enterobacter cloacae, 2 cases), and hematogenous seeding of the catheter tip (Yersinia enterocolitica, 1 case, and Streptococcus faecalis, 1 case) accounted for the remaining six septic episodes. The catheter hub is, in our experience, the most common site of origin of organisms causing catheter tip infection and bacteremia.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of catheter sepsis: a prospective study with quantitative and semiquantitative cultures of catheter hub and segments. 392 Feb 39


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