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Query: UMLS:C0004610 (bacteremia)
 13,199 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bacteremic infection with Shigella species is extremely rare in adults. We report five cases of Shigella bacteremia in adult men that occurred at our hospital over a 2-yr period. Four of these cases occurred in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The fifth patient had evidence of cell-mediated immunodeficiency, but did not meet Centers for Disease Control criteria for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Shigellemia is a potentially fatal but treatable complication of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome and should be specifically tested for and aggressively treated when present in this patient population.
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PMID:Shigella bacteremia in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 356 39

Modern drug therapy failed to reduce the number of unfavourable outcomes in acute pneumonia. Therefore study of the host responsiveness which plays a crucial role in the course and outcome of pneumonia is showing promise. Disturbed homeostasis, endogenous intoxication, bacteremia and, as a consequence, secondary immunodeficiency make it necessary to look for new treatment methods. The authors suggest the use of plasmapheresis in combined therapy of acute pneumonia running its course in association with pronounced intoxication because of deranged immunity. In emergency cases, the use of intermittent plasmapheresis that requires minimal time for preparation and unsophisticated equipment appears the most acceptable.
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PMID:[Intensive plasmapheresis in the treatment of acute pneumonia]. 378 82

A rapidly expanding role involving the use of immunoglobulin preparations in conditions other than the classical immunodeficiency syndromes is evident in recent years. Treatment with immunoglobulin may be especially important during infection in which specific antibody to pathogens has been consumed, degraded, or not produced and in cases in which antibiotic treatment is ineffective. Recent studies in animals and humans support this concept, although further studies are needed to fully develop it. This study was completed to explore possible beneficial effects of prophylactic treatment of rodents during severe Salmonella typhimurium peritonitis with a newly developed native immunoglobulin G preparation for intravenous use (IGIV pH 4.25). This study demonstrates that IGIV pH 4.25 increases survival time and decreases absolute mortality, prevents hypotension and acidosis, and ameliorates or prevents changes in variables indicative of organ damage during S. typhimurium bacteremia in the rat. Studies in mice indicate that protection is mediated by antibody to cell surface antigen (s) of S. typhimurium.
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PMID:Efficaciousness of immunoglobulin G prophylaxis on mortality and physiological variables in gram-negative peritonitis in rodents. 390 85

All investigators apparently agree that the most common and compelling reason for using more than one antibiotic to treat a single organism is to achieve a bactericidal effect. Most studies, both retrospective and prospective, have demonstrated that two effective antibiotics yield better results than one in neutropenic patients and/or those with rapidly fatal underlying disease, despite the absence of consistent in vitro synergy. Bacteremias caused by Pseudomona aeruginosa or Klebsiella pneumoniae may be benefited most by synergistic combinations. This may not be true for patients with non-neoplastic disease and normal granulocyte counts, or for patients infected with other species of gram-negative bacilli. Synergistic bactericidal activity is necessary for the successful therapy of endocarditis due to P. aeruginosa, but it may not assure success. The systemic immunodeficiency of neutropenic patients may parallel a localized immunodeficiency in endocarditis, since leukocytes are not effectively mobilized to the site of infection in endocarditis. Antagonistic antibiotic combinations are likely to be particularly harmful in neutropenic patients.
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PMID:Rationale for use of antimicrobial combinations in treatment of gram-negative infections. A review of recent reviews. 635 6

Bacteremia in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) has not been previously reported, a fact probably attributable to activated systemic immunity in the presence of chronic bronchopulmonary infection. We have observed two CF patients under a year of age with documented bacteremia, and a teen-aged patient with autopsy evidence of premortem bacteremia. Organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, having presumably spread from the lower respiratory tract in both patients. None of the patients had historical or laboratory evidence of immunodeficiency. The true incidence of bacteremia in CF patients is unknown, and the circumstances under which it occurs have not yet been defined.
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PMID:Bacteremia in patients with cystic fibrosis. 700 Apr 10

The isolation of Bartonella henselae, the agent of cat scratch disease, from the blood of naturally infected domestic cats and the demonstration that cats remain bacteremic for several months suggest that cats play a major role as a reservoir for this bacterium. A convenience sample of 205 cats from northern California was selected between 1992 and 1994 to evaluate the B. henselae antibody and bacteremia prevalences and to determine the risk factors and associations between bacteremia and antibody titers. B. henselae was isolated from the blood of 81 cats (39.5%). Forty-two (52%) of these bacteremic cats were found to be infected with > or = 1,000 CFU/ml of blood. Impounded or former stray cats were 2.86 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.94, 4.22) times more likely to be bacteremic than the pet cats. Young cats ( < 1 year old) were more likely than adult cats to be bacteremic (relative risk = 1.64; (95% CI = 1.19, 2.28). Bacteremic cats were more likely than nonbacteremic cats to be infested with fleas (relative risk = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.38, 1.96). No association between B. henselae infection and feline immunodeficiency virus antibody prevalence was observed. Eighty-one percent of the cats (166 of 205) tested positive for B. henselae antibodies, and titers were higher in bacteremic than in nonbacteremic cats. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that younger age and seropositivity for B. henselae antibodies were associated with bacteremia. Serological screening for Bartonella antibodies may not be useful for the identification of bacteremic cats (positive predictive value = 46.4%), but the lack of antibodies to B. henselae was highly predictive of the absence of bacteremia (negative predictive value = 89.7%). Seronegative cats may be more appropriate pets for immunocompromised individuals who are at increased risk for developing severe B. henselae disease.
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PMID:Bartonella henselae prevalence in domestic cats in California: risk factors and association between bacteremia and antibody titers. 749 43

Bacillary angiomatosis is a recently described vascular proliferative lesion that occurs most commonly in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Cutaneous lesions are the most frequently described manifestations of bacillary angiomatosis. However, as culture techniques and disease recognition have improved, additional manifestations have been identified in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals, including bacillary peliosis hepatis and isolated bacteremia. Two species of the genus Bartonella (formerly Rochalimaea), Bartonella henselae or Bartonella quintana, have been cultured from the cutaneous lesions of bacillary angiomatosis. A new manifestation of Bartonella infection is reported: an intra-abdominal mass presenting with massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. B. quintana was cultured from a percutaneous needle-biopsy specimen obtained from the highly vascularized intra-abdominal mass. The bacillary angiomatosis lesion resolved after 3 months of tetracycline treatment. Recognition of Bartonella infection is extremely important because it is readily treatable with antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:Intra-abdominal mass associated with gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a new manifestation of bacillary angiomatosis. 749 68

Thirty-seven bone marrow core biopsy specimens from 21 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex bacteremia were stained using rabbit polyclonal antibodies against Mycobacterium bovis strain Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and Mycobacterium duvalii, as well as Kenyon and Fite stains, to compare sensitivities of these techniques and evaluate possible response to therapy. The patients in this study had participated in a phase I/II trial of liposome-encapsulated gentamicin therapy. Two biopsy specimens had inadequate tissue for evaluation. Thirty-two specimens demonstrated bacilli with anti-M duvalii, 33 with anti-BCG, 20 with Kenyon, and 23 with Fite. Two were negative with all stains. Fifteen biopsy specimens had epithelioid granulomas, 12 had histiocytic granulomas, and 1 had a granuloma of indeterminate type. The remaining seven biopsy specimens had no granulomas. Four of these seven demonstrated bacilli with anti-M duvalii, 5 with anti-BCG, 1 with Kenyon, and 2 with Fite. The number of M avium-intracellulare organisms per milliliter of blood decreased in 14 of 21 patients after liposome-encapsulated gentamicin therapy. However, none of the 11 patients whose pre- and post-therapy bone marrow core biopsy specimens were both evaluable demonstrated a reduction in the number of M avium-intracellulare organisms. The authors concluded that anti-M duvalii and anti-BCG are more sensitive than acid-fast stains for identifying M avium-intracellulare infection in bone marrow core biopsy specimens of patients who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with M avium-intracellulare bacteremia. Bone marrow core biopsy specimens may provide a perspective on M avium-intracellulare infection in AIDS patients that differs from the one provided by blood cultures.
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PMID:Detection of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex in bone marrow specimens of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 751 86

Bartonella henselae can cause cat scratch disease and bacillary angiomatosis, a multisystem disorder seen primarily in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Both of these diseases are associated with neurologic complications, particularly encephalopathy. B. henselae may also cause bacteremia and endocarditis, and has been associated with aseptic meningitis and with dementia in patients also infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Recent advances in identification of this difficult-to-culture organism will lead to recognition of more neurologic complications.
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PMID:Neurologic complications of Bartonella henselae infection. 755 Nov 13

In order to know the epidemiological, clinical and evolutive characteristics of bacteriemia caused by beta-hemolytic streptococci groups A and B, a retrospective investigation was undertaken of 48 bacteremic episodes observed in adult patients for 10 years (1985-1994). Twenty-two episodes were caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GAS) and 26 by Group B beta-hemolytic streptococci (GBS). Patients with GAS bacteremia (GASB) had a lower mean age than patients with GBS bacteremia (GBSB) (p = 0.03). Infection with immunodeficiency virus was more common in patients with GASB than in patients with GBSBA (27 and 4%, respectively; p = 0.04); in contrast, diabetes mellitus was more common in patients with GBSB than in patients with GASB (27 and 5%, respectively) (p = 0.04). Nine (41%) patients with GBSB were i.v. drug abusers; nevertheless, none of the subjects with GBSB were i.v. drug abusers (p < 0.001). The proportion of bacteremia without demonstrable source due to GBS (41%) was significantly higher than that due to GAS (9%) (p = 0.02). Five (23%) patients with GASB and other five (20%) patients with GBSB had fatal outcomes, but only in two (9%) and three (12%) cases, respectively, was death directly attributed to bacteremia. In conclusion, bacteremias caused by GAS and GBS have different epidemiological characteristics but similar prognosis.
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PMID:[Bacteremia caused by group A and B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus in adults]. 756


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