Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004364 (autoimmune disease)
 24,845 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A surgically treated case of left atrial myxoma is reported. A 66-year-old man with a history of cough and orthpnea had an echocardiographic and an MRI diagnosis of left atrial myxoma. He had the constitutional signs of myxoma including acceleration of E.S.R., positive CRP, hyperimmunoglobulinemia, loss of body weight, and so on, in addition to the symptoms of heart failure. Cardiac surgery was performed on him under extracorporeal circulation on June 12, 1990. A large myxoma with a diameter of 6.0 cm x 4.8 cm that was adhering to the fossa ovalis with a stalk was resected. Afterwards the symptoms of both heart failure and the constitutional signs disappeared, and the postoperative course was uneventful. Studies of the excised specimen demonstrated that this tumor produced Interleukin (IL-6). After operation the level of the serum IL-6 that was high before operation was normalized. This suggests that the symptoms and the laboratory results pointing to an autoimmune disease were due to the IL-6 produced from the cardiac myxoma. This is the first report that the localization of the IL-6 in the left atrial myxoma is demonstrated with immunohistochemical stain.
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PMID:[Left atrial myxoma with production of interleukin 6]. 159 79

Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis is considered to be an inflammatory disease of the adenohypophysis that is commonly present with visual disturbance and hypopituitarism. Its etiology remains unclear but it is often related to an autoimmune disorder involving other organs, such as the thyroid, parathyroid, or adrenal glands. We encountered a rare case of lymphocytic adenohypophysitis associated with sarcoidosis of the lung and eye during the follow-up period. A 23-year-old woman was hospitalized in July 1986, with a one-month history of headache and visual disturbances which began three days after her second normal delivery. On admission, she showed slight visual impairment and had a left temporal superior quadrantanopia. Endocrinological evaluation revealed thyroid and adrenal hypofunction, and low response of human growth hormone to the loading test. A skull X-ray showed normal shaped sella with some erosion of the dorsum. CT scan showed a rounded contrast-enhanced intrasellar mass extending into the suprasellar cistern. MRI (SR: 500/30) showed a homogeneous low intensity mass which contained a small high intensity area on the relative T2-weighted image (2000/50). A biopsy was performed via right frontotemporal craniotomy. The consistency of the resected tissue was firmer than that of pituitary adenoma. Histologically, the tissue showed diffuse lymphocytic infiltration with some normal adenohypophysis. Her postoperative course was uneventful and the visual impairment improved two months later after the operation. Six months after the operation, she was readmitted with complaints of general fatigue and breathlessness. Chest X-ray showed diffuse infiltration throughout both lung fields, but there was no bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of lymphocytic adenohypophysitis associated with sarcoidosis of the lung and eye]. 218 92

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that serves as a model for the human disease multiple sclerosis. We evaluated rolipram, a type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor, for its efficacy in preventing EAE in the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus. In a blinded experimental design, clinical signs of EAE developed within 17 days of immunization with human white matter in two placebo-treated animals but in none of three monkeys that received rolipram (10 mg/kg s.c. every other day) beginning 1 week after immunization. In controls, signs of EAE were associated with development of cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis and cerebral MRI abnormalities. In the treatment group, there was sustained protection from clinical EAE, transient cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in only one of three animals, no MRI abnormality, and marked reduction in histopathologic findings. Rolipram-treated and control animals equally developed circulating antibodies to myelin basic protein. Thus, inhibition of type IV phosphodiesterase, initiated after sensitization to central nervous system antigens, protected against autoimmune demyelinating disease.
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PMID:Prevention of autoimmune demyelination in non-human primates by a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor. 753 38

A new case of lymphocytic adenohypophysitis in a five months pregnant woman is related. The sudden appearance of visual symptoms required a surgical procedure. MRI does not enable a precise preoperative diagnosis. Three months after delivery clinical data as hormonal functions returned to normal and also the CT Scan aspect. Eighteen months later the patient remains totally normal. In our case we don't find any argument in favor of an autoimmune disease.
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PMID:[Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis. Apropos of a new case]. 759 59

Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis is an autoimmune disorder of the anterior pituitary gland which usually occurs in a women in the postpartum period. It has been considered that lymphocytic hypophysitis is confined to the adenohypophysis sparing the neurohypophysis, and that diabetes insipidus is not a clinical feature of the disorder. Here we report the case of a 50-year-old woman with lymphocytic hypophysitis which presented with diabetes insipidus. MRI indicated homogeneous swelling of the whole pituitary gland, loss of the normal high intensity of the posterior pituitary, and thickening of the pituitary stalk. A biopsied specimen of the pituitary revealed diffuse lymphocytic infiltration. The diabetes insipidus was controlled by the administration of DDAVP. The anterior pituitary function was not greatly damaged, and no hormonal replacement therapy was necessary. We suggest that this case represents a variant of lymphocytic adenohypophysitis and/or lymphocytic infundibuloneurohypophysitis, in which the chronic inflammatory process involves the infundibulum, adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis.
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PMID:Lymphocytic hypophysitis presenting with diabetes insipidus: case report and literature review. 795 58

The MRI examinations of seven patients with acute transverse myelopathy (ATM) were analysed. The patients were examined 2-5 times during the course of their disease with short and long TR/TE spin-echo sequences in the sagittal projection. A previous history of autoimmune disorder and/or signs of infection at the onset of ATM were present in all cases. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed local synthesis of immunoglobulin in the nervous system in three cases and signs of infectious myelitis in one. During the acute phase four patients had local enlargement of the cord and all had increased signal on long TR/TE sequences. The outcome was grave in the majority of patients and there seemed to be a correlation between the degree of cord enlargement, persistence of increased signal intensity and limited recovery. Atrophy and remaining high signal intensity were noted on late MRI in patients with poor outcome. In one patient with probable anterior spinal artery occlusion, cavitation of the cord was seen.
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PMID:MRI in acute transverse myelopathy. 845 27

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is postulated to be a cell mediated autoimmune disease directed against central nervous system myelin components. Our understanding of the disease has been enhanced by a number of factors: 1) advances in our understanding of the immune system; 2) clinical trials which are beginning to identify treatments which can affect MS; 3) a better understanding of the clinical features of MS; and 4) advances in MRI imaging of the brain. Based on the current state of knowledge, this paper proposes a 21 point unifying hypothesis on the etiology and treatment of the disease. This hypothesis makes a series of assumptions, many of which are unproven, and is presented as a framework from which to investigate and treat the disease, not as a established biology. It is hypothesized that the underlying pathogenesis of MS is related to an inappropriate class of immune response against myelin antigens favoring proinflammatory Th1 versus anti-inflammatory Th2 or Th3 type responses. Environmental and genetic factors predispose toward MS by affecting the class of response and effectiveness of treatment is also related to how it impacts on this common final pathway. Because of epitope spreading, there is not one autoantigen involved in MS and the progressive form of MS differs immunologically from the relapsing remitting form. Viruses trigger and perpetuate MS, although MS is not related to a persistent viral infection. Because MS is a multifactorial disease, there are clinical and perhaps immunological subtypes of MS and a single type of treatment is unlikely to control the disease in all patients. Thus, there will be responders and non-responders to each effective therapy and ultimately combination therapy will be required to cure the disease.
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PMID:A 21 point unifying hypothesis on the etiology and treatment of multiple sclerosis. 960 29

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system which constitutes an accepted animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). The disease can take an acute or chronic form depending on the injection route, animal strain and nature of the disease-inducing antigen administered. The neuroinflammation associated with the acute form can be detected with T2-weighted, T1-weighted and diffusion MRI, and blood-brain barrier changes can be investigated with Gd-DTPA-enhanced T1-weighted imaging, similar to that of MS patients. A synthetic peptide of myelin basic protein (MBP) encephalitogenic for the Lewis rat (MBP 68-86) was acylated by the attachment of a palmitoyl residue (PAL68-86), and was shown to confer almost complete protection against EAE, when administered to rats before and after an encephalitogenic challenge. In this study, treatment of Lewis rats with PAL68-86 prevented the appearance of clinical signs (p < 0.0001) after challenge with the native peptide (p68-86) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), and reduced considerably the MRI and histopathological signs of the disease (p < 0.0001). Measurement of the gadolinium leakage due to neuroinflammation revealed a significant decrease in permeability from 4.09 +/- 2.1 to 2.95 +/- 1.79% pixels > mean + 2 SD (p = 0.011). Therefore, quantitative MRI measurements correlate very well with the reduced cellular infiltration in the CNS and the absence of clinical signs in the EAE-protected animal.
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PMID:Correlation between MRI and clinico-pathological manifestations in Lewis rats protected from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by acylated synthetic peptide of myelin basic protein. 1037 27

Otosclerosis is a multifactorial disease. A number of theories on the pathogenesis of this disease have been established in the last decades. It is important to review recent data on the pathogenesis of otosclerosis as it is a severe inner ear disease leading to deafness in the majority of cases. Surgical therapy is not always successful or feasible. In this review, authors describe the most relevant genetic, infective, immunological, inflammatory factors, as well as the impaired bone metabolism underlying the pathogenesis of otosclerosis. It is likely that genetic predisposition associated with morbilli infection may lead to bone resorption in the stapes and cochlea followed by spongiosis, fibrosis and sclerosis. It has been suggested that immunological mechanisms play a central role in the development of the disease. Some authors consider otosclerosis as autoimmune disorder based on the presence of several autoantibodies. Apart from classical diagnostic methods, such as audiometry and X-ray, novel radiological techniques including CT, MRI or radionuclide scan are helpful in the localization of otosclerosis. As surgery is sometimes contraindicated or unsuccessful, drug therapy including the use of anti-osteoporotic on non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs may be administered, especially in the early phase of the disease.
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PMID:[Current aspects of the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of otosclerosis: possibilities of drug therapy]. 1057 86

Lymphocytic hypophysitis is a very unusual disease typically observed in the peripartum period but found also in non-pregnant women or in men. We report the case of a 50-year-old woman with a five-year history of erithema nodosus for which was treated with variable doses of steroids. One year before admission the patient began to complain of headache, amenorrhea and rapidly progressive hypopituitarism. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an expanding sellar mass with homogeneous contrast enhancement while lacking the hyperintense signal of posterior lobe. The MRI findings and the history of autoimmune disease raised the suspicion of hypophysitis. The growth of the lesion and its unresponsiveness to the prolonged steroid therapy made surgery, which is both diagnostic and therapeutic, mandatory. The pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of this unusual clinical condition are discussed.
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PMID:Lymphocytic hypophysitis. Case report. 1081 89


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