Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004364 (autoimmune disease)
 24,845 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using a solid-phase non-radioisotopic (non-RI) reverse transcriptase (RT) assay, antibodies inhibiting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RT activity (RTI antibody) were investigated for their ability to inhibit binding of RT to a template-primer and DNA polymerization. The RTI antibody inhibited the binding of RT to the template-primer (BI antibody), and directly reacted with the RT-template-primer complex and inhibited enzymatic activity (PI antibody). The RTI antibody interfered with formation of the RT-template-primer complex suggesting that it recognized the antigenic site involved in template-primer binding of RT molecules. Since deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) blocked inhibition of the RT activity by the PI antibody, the antigenic site recognized by the PI antibody may be closely related to the dNTP binding site. The seropositivities of the BI and PI antibodies were 84.6% and 91.2%, respectively, in HIV-1-infected individuals; healthy individuals, HTLV-I-positive individuals, autoimmune disease patients and leukemia patients were all seronegative. No significant correlation of residual RT activities was observed when BI and PI antibodies were compared (r = 0.688). It is possible that the epitopes recognized by the BI antibody differs from those recognized by the PI antibody. The assays described are able to detect BI and PI antibodies in the sera of HIV-1-infected individuals.
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PMID:Human antibodies responsible for binding inhibition and polymerization inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. 898 60

A series of publications from our laboratory have indicated that the practice of megadose vitamin C drip infusion treatment enhanced the activity of endogenous glucocorticoids in such a way as to improve the clinical course of allergy and autoimmune disease-a disease entity that is known to respond to the therapeutic effect of glucocorticoids. The present paper represents an extention of our vitamin C studies, and intends to investigate the problem whether or not chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), an acquired immunodeficiency disease, can also be counted as one of the candidate diseases for the vitamin C infusion treatment. We prepared two kinds of vitamin C infusion sets for the clinical use: the dehydroepiandrosterone-annexed vitamin C infusion set (the new set) and the annex-free vitamin C infusion set (the old set). The new set was expected to enhance the endogenous activities of both glucocorticoids and gonadal steroids. We followed the clinical course of a male CFS patient using the old and new vitamin C infusion sets, and with and without the oral intake of erythromycin and chloramphenico. Results obtained are as follows: a) the observation period of a study subject covered a period of August 1995 to May 1996. Combination of pneumonia signs and dermatomyositis signs marked the onset of his CFS. b) Old infusion treatment together with the short term antibiotics treatment was found effective for the control of pneumonia in the first stage of the disease (from August to October, 1995). c) Signs of pneumonia recurrence gradually became eminent in the second stage of disease (from November, 1995, to January, 1996) in spite of the moderate frequency of the old treatment together with stepwise prolongation of the antibiotics treatment. d) The alternate practice of the old and new infusion treatments together with the long-term antibiotics treatment, as conducted in the 3rd stage of disease (from February to May, 1996) led to substantial extinction of pneumonia signs (leucocytosis, tachycardia etc). e) The practice of the new infusion treatment markedly increased the excretion of both 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in the urine. Evidence was also available to indicate that the dehydroepiandrosterone annex was converted to testosterone, which in turn made a contribution to the control of CFS. f) The immunological survey of lymphocyte subsets including NK cell percent failed to find a coherent change in a study subject with CFS. In conclusion, the above results could be taken as evidence to indicate that the new vitamin C infusion treatment effectuates the clinical control of CFS by fortifying the endogenous activities of both cortisol and testosterone. The significance of parallelism between pulmonary infection and CFS, as observed in the clinical course of the test subject, was discussed in the light of the focal infection theory of nephritis.
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PMID:The value of the dehydroepiandrosterone-annexed vitamin C infusion treatment in the clinical control of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). I. A Pilot study of the new vitamin C infusion treatment with a volunteer CFS patient. 898 67

We describe a recombinant antigen for use in serologic tests for antibodies to Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). The cDNA for a small viral capsid antigen (sVCA) was identified by immunoscreening of a library prepared from the BC-1 body cavity lymphoma cell line induced into KSHV lytic gene expression by sodium butyrate. The cDNA specified a 170-amino-acid peptide with homology to small viral capsid proteins encoded by the BFRF3 gene of Epstein-Barr virus and the ORF65 gene of herpesvirus saimiri. KSHV sVCA was expressed from a 0.85-kb mRNA present late in lytic KSHV replication in BC-1 cells. This transcript was sensitive to phosphonoacetic acid and phosphonoformic acid, inhibitors of herpesvirus DNA replication. KSHV sVCA expressed in mammalian cells or Escherichia coli or translated in vitro was recognized as an antigen by antisera from KS patients. Rabbit antisera raised to KSHV sVCA expressed in E. coli detected a 22-kDa protein in KSHV-infected human B cells. Overexpressed KSHV sVCA purified from E. coli and used as an antigen in immunoblot screening assay did not cross-react with EBV BFRF3. Antibodies to sVCA were present in 89% of 47 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with KS, in 20% of 54 HIV-positive patients without KS, but in none of 122 other patients including children born to HIV-seropositive mothers and patients with hemophilia, autoimmune disease, or nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Low-titer antibody was detected in three sera from 28 healthy subjects. Antibodies to recombinant sVCA correlate with KS in high-risk populations. Recombinant sVCA can be used to examine the seroepidemiology of infection with KSHV in the general population.
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PMID:Identification, expression, and immunogenicity of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded small viral capsid antigen. 906 Jun 68

IL-2 was initially defined as a T lymphocyte growth factor, but recent studies have provided evidence that it may also play a role in regulating T cell differentiation, apoptosis, and tolerance. To examine the contribution of IL-2 to these processes, we have bred a class II-restricted TCR transgene into mice deficient in the alpha-chain of the IL-2R, CD25. We show that in response to Ag, T cells from these mice are unable to use IL-2 and, as a result, are less efficient at traversing the cell cycle, and proliferate less than wild-type cells. Furthermore, CD25 -/- T cells exhibit reduced survival in vitro, even in the presence of costimulatory signals. IL-4 and IL-15, a cytokine related to IL-2, enhance the survival and Ag-induced proliferation of CD25 -/- T cells. Activated CD25 -/- T cells are resistant to Fas-mediated activation-induced cell death (AICD), and this defect cannot be corrected by other cytokines. Therefore, IL-2 plays a unique role in regulating AICD, but has redundant roles in T cell survival and proliferation in vitro. The failure of AICD observed with CD25 -/- T cells may explain the unexpected observation that deficiency of IL-2 or of the alpha- or beta-chain of the IL-2R results not in immunodeficiency, but in autoimmune disease.
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PMID:Functional responses and apoptosis of CD25 (IL-2R alpha)-deficient T cells expressing a transgenic antigen receptor. 910 38

One of the earliest events following T cell receptor (TCR) triggering is the activation of the protein kinase Lck and induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of zeta, the major signal transduction subunit of the T cell receptor complex. Here we report the generation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody specific for human phosphozeta. The antibody was produced by immunizing mice with a truncated recombinant form of human zeta together with the Lck enzyme. The C415.9A antibody recognizes recombinant as well as cellular phosphozeta but is unreactive with unphosphorylated zeta or other tyrosine phosphorylated proteins. Using this antibody, we have demonstrated aberrant TCR-zeta tyrosine phosphorylation in Jurkat T cell transduction mutants. Therefore, this antibody can be used to elucidate T cell signal transduction mechanisms by analyzing and monitoring tyrosine phosphorylation of zeta in vitro and in vivo directly. Furthermore, this antibody could find application in the analysis of abnormal T cell signaling in autoimmune disease, cancer, and immunodeficiency disorders.
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PMID:Production and characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody against phosphorylated T cell receptor zeta chain. 914 19

During an infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) the immune system is deregulated, even before real immunodeficiency, lymphopenia and AIDS occur. The immunologic alterations that have been described are a differentiation of a T-lymphocyte subclass, Th1 to Th0. Immunologic stimulation of these Th0 cells afterwards, makes them mature into Th2 cells. This causes a imbalance between the Th1 and Th2 cells, in favor of the second group. The clinical expression of this imbalance is an elevated risk of HIV-seropositive patients for allergies and for autoimmune disease, specially those autoimmune disease in which the production of autoantibodies prevails. Sometimes of differential diagnosis with systemic lupus erythematosus is difficult. There has been describes a major prevalence of allergic diseases, especially allergic rhinitis, in adult patients infected by HIV. Reports in pediatric patients are still sporadic, and the prevalence of allergies in children infected with HIV-AIDS is unknown. Only after recognizing the allergic nature of some symptoms, the treatment will be complete, reducing morbidity and infectious complications.
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PMID:[Allergic diseases and infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-AIDS in pediatric patients]. 929 27

Apoptosis is a physiological process of cell death that occurs as part of normal development and in response to a variety of physiological and pathophysiological stimuli. The effector mechanisms which carry out the death program are well preserved across species and evolution. Apoptosis is important in the immune system, and plays significant roles in the control of the immune response, the deletion of immune cells recognising self-antigens, and cytotoxic killing. Some of the molecular regulators of these processes, such as CD95 and bcl-2 family proteins are the subjects of intense research. Malfunctioning of the immune system may lead to increased or decreased cell death. Conversely, dysregulation of apoptotic pathways themselves may lead to a spectrum of human disease, including autoimmune disease and immunodeficiency.
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PMID:Apoptosis and the immune system. 937 39

Apoptosis research has accelerated with the discovery of genes within a common cell death pathway and evidence for their inter-relationship. Breakthroughs include insights into the mechanism of action of the Bcl-2 family, caspases and their targets, and death receptor complexes. Deregulation of apoptosis is evident in tumors and viral infection, as well as in autoimmune disease, immunodeficiency, neurodegeneration, and infertility.
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PMID:Errors of homeostasis and deregulated apoptosis. 938 73

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), an autoimmune disease of children and adults, is characterized by low platelet counts and bleeding through mucous membranes. While not uncommon among otherwise healthy adults and children, ITP is a frequent complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Anti-D is a gamma globulin (IgG) fraction containing a high proportion of antibodies to the Rh0 (D) antigen of the red blood cells. Clinical studies over the past 10 years have shown intravenous anti-D to be a safe and effective treatment for Rh-positive, nonsplenectomized patients with ITP (classic or HIV-related). While it is unlikely that anti-D is a curative treatment for ITP, repeated infusions can be used to maintain the platelet count at a level sufficient to provide adequate hemostasis (>30,000/microL) and may enable patients to postpone or even avoid splenectomy.
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PMID:Clinical experience with anti-D in the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. 952 49

The association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with B-cell lymphoma was examined in 72 human immunodeficiency virus-negative Japanese patients using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on DNA obtained from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues and an in situ hybridization (ISH) technique. EBV-encoded RNA 1 (EBER-1) was detected in 12 of 72 cases (17%); five of 33 cases (15%) of nodal B-cell lymphomas and seven of 39 cases (18%) of extranodal B-cell lymphomas. Three cases of post-bone marrow transplantation and one case of autoimmune disease (Evans syndrome) were included among seven EBER-1 positive extranodal lymphomas. A combined study of immunohistochemistry and EBER-1 revealed that some L26 positive cells were EBER-1 positive. A DNA band was also observed in 13 of 70 examined cases (19%) (four of 33 cases of nodal B-cell lymphomas (12%) and nine of 37 cases of extranodal B-lymphomas (24%)) in the PCR study using primers to detect the Bam HI-W fragment of EBV. In the immunohistochemical study using a monoclonal antibody to the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) of the EBV, one of the EBV-encoded latent gene products, LMP-1, was expressed in six of 34 cases (18%) of extranodal B-lymphomas, but none of the cases with nodal B-cell lymphomas were shown to be LMP-1 positive. Oncoprotein bcl-2 was examined by immunohistochemistry and found to be expressed in seven cases of nodal lymphomas and three cases of extranodal lymphomas, and two of these nodal cases were EBER ISH positive. In EBV serology, only two cases of nodal and one case of extranodal EBER positive B-cell lymphomas revealed a reactivation pattern. In the PCR study using primers to detect the lymphocyte-determined membrane antigen (LYDMA), the same sized monoclonal bands were observed in case 36 in the PCR products from the nose and skin, suggesting the monoclonal proliferation of the tumor. These findings suggested a low incidence of EBV association with B-cell lymphomas unless patients were in an immunologically impaired condition such as post-organ transplantation or autoimmune diseases.
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PMID:Determination of Epstein-Barr virus association with B-cell lymphomas in Japan: study of 72 cases--in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical studies. 963 83


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