Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0004352 (autism)
 32,579 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The spontaneous narrative-discourse performance of parents of autistic individuals was compared to controls. The narratives of autism parents were similar in length to controls' narratives but were less complex and less coherent. A subgroup of autism parents produced either skeletal or rambling narratives that were not characterized by the type of simplifications that are reported to facilitate comprehension in very young or language-impaired children. The narrative-discourse deficits of this subgroup appeared to be consistent with the hypothesis of a genetic liability for autism that expresses in milder forms and may include impaired language abilities.
J Speech Hear Res 1991 Dec
PMID:Spontaneous narrative-discourse performance of parents of autistic individuals. 178 16

The behaviour profiles of 176 mentally retarded individuals from two reception centres and nine group homes were assessed. The correlations between behaviour and age, sex, degree of mental retardation, etiology of mental retardation and medical diagnosis were assessed using the Revised Child Behaviour Profile. The severity of behaviour disturbance did not vary with age or medical diagnosis. The moderately retarded subjects presented with more severe behaviour problems, such as aggression, than the severely mentally retarded subjects. The variable most predictive of behavioural problems was etiology of the disorder. Individuals with Down's syndrome had significantly fewer behaviour disturbances and those with autism and pervasive developmental disorder had significantly more behaviour disturbances than other subjects. A psychiatric disorder was found in 10.2% of the sample. The implications of these findings are discussed with respect to public policy.
Can J Psychiatry 1991 Dec
PMID:Behaviour problems of the mentally retarded. 179 May 15

Recent twin and family studies have demonstrated a genetic factor in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, some cases of infantile autism, enuresis, specific reading disability, sleepwalking, night terrors, common fears and anxiety. Family studies have been used to elucidate the nosological relationship of psychiatric disorders; e.g. anorexia nervosa (to affective disorder), Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, and sleeptalking. Advances in biochemical genetics and in enzyme polymorphisms suggest that there are wide individual variations in the adverse effects of drugs and that dosage should be tailored to the individual patient. Recently molecular genetic methods have been introduced to psychiatry, but a major breakthrough in this field appears to be still years away.
Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol 1991 Dec
PMID:Contributions of genetic studies to clinical psychiatry. 181 77


J Autism Dev Disord 1991 Dec
PMID:Informal evaluation of Crosley's Facilitated Communication. 183 8

Immune abnormalities in autistic children led us to study for indirect evidence of immune activation as measured by the serum analysis of soluble interleukin-2 (sIL-2), interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), T8 antigen (sT8), and interleukin-1 (sIL-1). The serum concentration of these soluble antigens was quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The concentration of sIL-2 and sT8, but not of sIL-2R and sIL-1, antigens was significantly (P less than 0.05) increased in the sera of autistic children over that in the control healthy children or children with mental retardation (non-Down's syndrome). This finding indirectly indicates that the activation of a subpopulation of T cells occurs in some children with autism.
Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1991 Dec
PMID:Changes of soluble interleukin-2, interleukin-2 receptor, T8 antigen, and interleukin-1 in the serum of autistic children. 193 32

Autism and dysphasia are behaviorally defined disorders of higher cerebral function which in preschool children share the common core symptom of impairment of language. In this study we describe the clinical characteristics of 314 autistic and 237 dysphasic nonautistic children evaluated by one child neurologist. There was no significant difference between autistic and dysphasic children in gestational age, birth weight, or prevalence of associated medical disorders, all of which were infrequent, although a positive history of resuscitation or ventilatory support was more common in dysphasic than autistic children (P = .03). As a group autistic children are more likely than dysphasic children to have language subtypes affecting central processing and formulation, a family history of psychiatric disorders and autism, and a history of regression of language and behavior. After excluding 12 girls with autistic symptoms who met the clinical criteria for Rett syndrome, we found that there was no significant difference in the number of autistic and dysphasic children with an abnormal sensorimotor examination. Girls with autism were more likely than boys to have severe mental deficiency (38% of autistic girls vs 23% of boys) (P = 0.012) and a motor deficit (27% vs 11%) (P = .0009).
Pediatrics 1991 Dec
PMID:Autistic and dysphasic children. I: Clinical characteristics. 195 39

In a longitudinal evaluation study the developmental progress of 223 children, who have been treated between 1968 and 1987 in a residential facility for psychiatric care, was explored from referral until time of discharge. Initial state and state at discharge were defined multidimensionally according to MAS. Comparisons between children with different initial clinical diagnosis met expectations, that introversive disturbances recover more frequently than autistic as well as conduct disorders or hyperactivity. Associations between recovery and initial cognitive-intellectual state did not reach statistical significance, when type of disorder was controlled for. But rate of recovery appeared to be throughout higher for children with learning disabilities than for children without such deficits. Age at onset and age at referral were apparently rather irrelevant for the state at discharge. But rate of recovery was in general clearly reduced, when length of time between onset and referral had been above average. The relation between duration of treatment and state at discharge depended on the type of disorder. For children with conduct or autistic disorders the rate of recovery increased with longer duration of treatment, whereas for children with introversive disturbances the contrast was true. This could suggest confounding effects of severity of disorder. When the treatment in the facility had been precociously terminated, rate of recovery in general was remarkably lower than in case of a planned termination. Analysis on effects of alternative methods of treatment was only with restrictions possible and did not suggest a general or differential superiority of a special type of treatment.
Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr 1990 Dec
PMID:[Differential results of treatment in pedagogic-therapeutic long-term intervention in residential treatment centers for children]. 209 73

Based on recent studies of neuroimmune networks, the lymphocyte binding of serotonin neurotransmitter was studied in patients with Alzheimer's disease, idiopathic mental retardation, and autism. The specific binding to lymphocytes of [3H]serotonin, at a single concentration of 100 nM, was significantly reduced in Alzheimer's disease patients as compared to aged controls (group mean of 3.667 +/- 2.301 v 7.506 +/- 1.717 picomoles; p = 0.001), and in children with idiopathic mental retardation as compared to healthy children (group mean of 3.694 +/- 1.627 v 5.792 +/- 1.902 picomoles; p = 0.003). However, autistic children did not differ significantly from the healthy children (group mean of 5.287 +/- 1.987 v 5.792 +/- 1.902 picomoles; p = 0.475). Reduced lymphocyte binding of serotonin may be an indication of breakdown of an unknown neuroimmune pathway relevant to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and idiopathic mental retardation.
Mol Chem Neuropathol 1990 Dec
PMID:Binding of [3H]serotonin to lymphocytes in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. 209 81

This is a single-case report of fluvoxamine treatment of comorbid autistic disorder (AD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Psychological, neuroanatomical, and neurochemical parallels are drawn between AD and OCD. The implications of this case of coincident AD and OCD, as well as the response to fluvoxamine, are discussed with respect to nosology, pathophysiology, and treatment of these disorders.
J Autism Dev Disord 1990 Dec
PMID:Fluvoxamine treatment of coincident autistic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case report. 212 64

The personality features of parents of a group of 21 well-functioning autistic children have been described previously. The main characteristics of these parents were social gaucheness and a tendency towards the single-minded pursuit of special, often intellectual, interests. We now present the agreement between research interviewers and clinician in the diagnosis of these parents as schizoid, together with clinical details of those parents rated by both as having definite schizoid traits. The educational functioning of the siblings of the autistic children compared with that of siblings of a matched control group is also reported.
J Autism Dev Disord 1990 Dec
PMID:Family characteristics of autistic children: a further report. 177 68


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10