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Query: UMLS:C0004352 (autism)
 32,579 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship between a newborn score of minor physical anomalies (MPAs) and behavior at ages 1 and 2 was examined. From an initial screening population of 933, 63 high anomaly and 78 low anomaly infants were followed until age 2 by examiners blind for the newborn anomaly score. High anomaly infants were more likely to be temperamentally difficult as rated by parent interview and direct observation. A subgroup of six infants who were considered irritable at both ages 1 and 2 were all from the high anomaly group. However, there was little agreement between behavioral ratings across situations and over time, and there were no significant predictors of behavior problems at age 2 based on any newborn or 1-year measure. These results indicate that the newborn anomaly score by itself is unlikely to prove clinically useful in predicting preschool behavior problems for an unselected population. The usefulness of this measure for other, "high-risk," populations remains to be explored.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1978 Dec
PMID:Newborn minor physical anomalies and prediction of infant behavior. 73 Jun 66

A study was made of physiological responses of autistic children to variations in environmental load in order to examine the under- versus over-arousal dichotomy. More specifically, measures of urinary mucoprotein excretion and mean heart rate and three measures of heart rate variability were compared with matched controls in conditions of normal, high, and low total environmental load. The results suggest that, although behaviorally unresponsive, the autistic children responded physiologically, were generally in a lower state of arousal than the control group, and were labile in response to changes in stimulation.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1978 Dec
PMID:Hormonal and cardiac response of autistic children to changes in environmental stimulation. 73 Jun 67


J Autism Child Schizophr 1978 Dec
PMID:Speculations on similarities between autism and opiate addiction. 73 Jun 68

Basing their study on the investigations which led to the dopaminergic theory of the psychoses, the authors studied homovanillic acid (principal derivative from dopamine) levels in the urines of 37 autistic children, and 11 normal children acting as controls. The favourable action of vitamin B6 on autism, reported by anglosaxon authors, was confirmed in 15 of the children. Furthermore, vitamin B6 reduces homovanillic acid levels in 33 autistic chilren and increases them in all the control group children.
Rev Neurol (Paris) 1978 Dec
PMID:[Modifications in urinary homovanillic acid after ingestion of vitamin B6; functional study in autistic children (author's transl)]. 75 38

To improve observer uniformity and objectivity in the psychiatric appraisal of parents of psychotic children, structured psychiatric interviews were administered to 64 parents of psychotic children, including 28 husband--wife pairs and 8 single parents. Judgments were recorded on the Spitzer--Endicott Psychiatric Status Schedule and the past section of their Current and Past Psychopathology Scales. There were no significant differences between fathers and mothers of organic and nonorganic children (children with and without evidence of neurological dysfunction). As a whole, the 56 parents in the 28 participating husband-wife pairs fell between a contrast group of 55 adult subjects attending a psychiatric clinic and another contrast group of 130 subjects living in the community in upper Manhattan in their trends to pathological symptoms as judged by the Psychiatric Status Schedule. Similarly, in the past section of the Current and Past Psychopathology Scales the parents showed a trend to more psychopathology than a community sample of 36 nonpatient adults. Finally, computer diagnoses based on the Psychiatric Status Schedule showed more schizophrenia in the parents of the psychotic children than in a sample of 130 nonpatient adults in the community. The data thus tend to support findings based on the unstructured interview of elevated schizophrenia rates in parents of psychotic children.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1976 Dec
PMID:A study of psychopathology of parents of psychotic children by structured interview. 79 50

Using a standardized articulation test, comparisons were made between the articulation of autistic children and (1) a group of predominantly subnormal language matched controls; (2) developmental receptive dysphasic controls. The autistic children's articulation was significantly superior to that of both control groups. The findings are discussed in relation to differences in the pattern of language impairment in the three groups.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1976 Dec
PMID:Articulation in early childhood autism. 103 36

A review of the pertinent literature indicates that autistic children are likely to show normal but delayed development of speech sounds. In contrast, atypical phonological development is suggested by experiments demonstrating that autistic subjects are deficient in their ability to extract the components of structured auditory input. A systematic investigation of the speech sound systems of verbal autistic and mentally retarded children reveals a delay in phoneme acquisition, as well as a relative uniformity of error types in both groups. The autistic subjects, however, differ significantly from the mentally retarded in the phonemic substitutions which they make. Autistic subjects are also characterized by a high correlation between frequency of phonological errors and level of overall language development. The findings are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that the autistic group shows a more global delay in language development.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1976 Dec
PMID:Phonological investigation of verbal autistic and mentally retarded subjects. 103 37

Blood platelet serotonin content was measured in 30 children with early infantile autism, as defined by Kanner, 30 age-matched normal subjects, and 45 children with various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Serotonin content in the autistic group was 980 +/- 357 ng/mg platelet protein (mean +/- standard deviation), a value significantly higher than that for normal children, 807 +/- 202 ng/mg (p less than .025). Autistic children under school age had higher platelet serotonin concentrations than other older autistic individuals. There was little correlation between age and serotonin levels in the normal children. Elevated serotonin was also seen in some of the non-autistic pathological group, who were disturbed and hyperactive. Elevated serotonin levels are not necessarily a specific biochemical finding for autistic children, but seem to be due to their behavioral distinction.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1976 Dec
PMID:Reassessment of elevated serotonin levels in blood platelets in early infantile autism. 103 38

On the basis of a search of the literature and extensive inquiries to clinicians, this paper catalogues those cases that contain any information concerning possible neuropathologic changes in cases of childhood autism or psychosis. In all, 33 cases were identified. Twenty-nine cases are from the literature; six of these are sibling pairs. Four cases were folnd by inquiry and have not been reported heretofore. Because of limitations in both the clinical and neuropathologic data in most of the case reports, the paper serves primarily as a source of reference to the 33 cases identified. The information that is available is presented along with some tentative suggestions for further research.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1976 Dec
PMID:Neuropathologic aspects of psychosis in children. 103 39

The only finding of a metabolic defect in psychotic children which has been replicated in a blind study is the discovery of an elevated efflux of serotonin from the platelets of children with early infantile autism (Boullin, Coleman, & O'Brien, 1970; Boullin, Coleman, O'Brien, & Rimland, 1971). The reported failure of Yuwiler, Ritvo, Geller, Glousman, Schneiderman, and Matsuno (1975) to replicate the Boullin et al. findings is attributable to differences in the method of selecting subjects. The Boullin et al. studies found that only children with classical infantile autism, as diagnosed by the Rimland E-2 check list, manifested the metabolic error. Since only 10% of psychotic children score in the autistic range on the check list, and since all children in the Yuwiler et al. study displayed the syndrome of "perceptual inconstancy," a syndrome inconsistent with "insistence on the preservation of sameness," an integral part of the syndrome of early infantile autism as scored on the E-2 check list, the failure of Yuwiler et al. to find elevated efflux in their sample was to be expected.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1976 Dec
PMID:Platelet uptake and efflux of serotonin in subtypes of psychotic children. 103 40


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