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Query: UMLS:C0004352 (autism)
 32,579 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study (1) examined whether a self-monitoring procedure taught in a laboratory setting would increase independent on-task behavior there and would generalize without further teaching to a classroom setting, and (2) analyzed the durability of the training effects over the course of 5 months for one subject and 10 months for two other subjects. Two multiple-baseline designs, one across three normal and the other across three deviant children, showed that self-monitoring of academic task-completions facilitated on-task responding for all subjects in the generalization (classroom) setting. A subsequent reversal design showed that these effects were durable, in two of the three subjects still available, at least as much as 1 year after commencement of training. This latter design also suggested that one subject who was not maintained by self-monitoring could be supported in on-task behavior by a peer who was maintained by self-monitoring.
J Autism Dev Disord 1979 Dec
PMID:Facilitating generalization of on-task behavior through self-monitoring of academic tasks. 9 6

Epilepsy represents a serious medical and social problem. In the majority of cases, seizures are successfully managed by a variety of anticonvulsant medications, even though these drugs may potentiate significant physical and developmental side effects. A small group of studies to date have offered evidence that behavioral procedures can successfully manage some seizure disorders and are particularly desirable treatment choices when seizure disorders are intractable to drug management or when drug side effects are to be avoided. The present case adds to this small but growing group of studies in that it demonstrates the use of behavioral procedures in the analysis and treatment of high-rate myoclonic seizures. Seizures were evaluated on a hospital ward and in a controlled experimental setting. The data indicated a variable rate of seizures across days and activities and a reduction of seizure frequency in the controlled setting when time-out was made contingent on seizures. A program of contingent rest' was then applied on the hospital ward that demonstrated a reduction in myoclonic seizure frequency and the apparent prevention of several grand mal episodes. An observer calibration procedure showed high correspondence between behaviorally and physiologically recorded seizures. A discussion of issues in behavioral medicine research follows.
J Autism Dev Disord 1979 Dec
PMID:A behavior analysis approach to high-rate myoclonic seizures. 11 52

The evolution of the normalization principle is described. Whereas the principle initially advocated normalizing individual lives and routines, it presently is being applied to entire human service delivery systems. The need for more data supporting proposals to normalize human service systems is discussed, as well as some disadvantages in applying this approach with psychotic children. It is concluded that a wide range of treatment options for psychotic children is needed and that these options should be evaluated based on their effectiveness with individual children.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1976 Dec
PMID:Implications of the normalization principle for psychotic children. 13 26


J Autism Dev Disord 1979 Dec
PMID:Down's syndrome and early infantile autism: diagnostic confusion? 16 Apr 6

The response of plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroids (11-OHCS) to intravenous pyrogen as well as the circadian rhythm of plasma 11-OHCS levels were investigated in seven autistic children and in two children with Heller's syndrome. In autistic children, the stress response, which is acquired in an earlier stage of development, was adequately sustained. However, the circadian rhythm, which seems to appear at a later stage with the maturity of the CNS, frequently revealed abnormal patterns. Similar findings were obtained in the Heller's syndrome cases, indicating organic changes in the brain. On the basis of these results, it is postulated that in early infantile autism there exist some functional changes in the CNS that show a close correlation to the regulatory mechanism of ACTH secretion.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1975 Dec
PMID:An application of neuroendocrinological studies in autistic children and Heller's syndrome. 17 3

The clinical and biochemical status of thyroid function of patients with an autistic syndrome was investigated. The study consisted of 13 patients between the ages of 7 and 21 years. There was no clinical evidence for hypothyroidism in any patient, and T3, T4, and TSH concentrations were within the normal range. Two patients who had retarded bone ages were treated with triiodothyronine for 6 months. Hyperthyroidism developed when T3 levels exceeded physiologic concentrations in these patients. The concept that the clinical response to triiodothyronine in autistic patients results from correction of thyroid dysfunction is not supported by these findings.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1978 Dec
PMID:Triiodothyronine (T3) concentration and therapy in autistic children. 21 86

An analysis of attention to task, deviant classroom behavior, and academic productivity data was conducted on four schizophrenic male children to whom an antipsychotic medication was administered. Although the results indicated varying degrees of success as a function of this psychotropic treatment, the medication appeared to have little influence on classroom behavior for three of the children. It was concluded that empirical strategies must be developed for objectively assessing the influence of medications administered for the purpose of controlling the classroom behavior of disturbed children.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1977 Dec
PMID:The effects of an antipsychotic medication on the classroom behavior of four schizophrenic male children. 34 Apr 50

A placebo-controlled crossover study of behavioral effects of triiodothyronine (T3) was conducted in 30 young clinically euthyroid autistic children. Multiple independent raters and multiple rating scales were used. Except for a few symptoms that were reduced on T3, the drug did not differ from placebo. Time itself accounted for most of the improvement in the whole sample. As a group, the lower IQ children responded to T3. The individual children who were responders could not be defined by any parameter.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1978 Dec
PMID:A controlled crossover study of triiodothyronine in autistic children. 36 55


J Autism Dev Disord 1979 Dec
PMID:Contrasting illness and behavioral models for the treatment of autistic children: a historical perspective. 39 94

A 12-year-old female total isolate rhesus monkey was pretested with age mates and subsequently housed for 20 weeks with an infant "therapist" monkey. Daily observations during that period revealed a 24-fold increase in the probability of social behavior. Self-directed behaviors also increased significantly. Disturbance behaviors (self-slapping, self-biting, bizarre limb movements, etc.) remained unchanged. Although problems obviously exist in cross-species generalization, and are here considered, these results emphasize the importance of early therapeutic intervention as well as the need for a more comprehensive approach to both social and disturbance behaviors if the treatment of adults is to be as successful as the treatment of immature isolate subjects.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1977 Dec
PMID:Development of social behavior in an adult total isolate rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). 41 25


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