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Query: UMLS:C0004352 (autism)
 32,579 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Autistic people not living with their families live in 11 group homes throughout North Carolina. These homes, funded by both state and federal sources, are affiliated with TEACCH, the state agency for the identification and treatment of autism. This article looks at several aspects of group homes including cost effectiveness, staff selection and training, level of structure and programming, composition of the client group, adherence to a central philosophy, and the role of administration. Evidence suggests that group homes are a viable and cost-effective residential option for autistic people. While more group homes are needed, development of other residential options is encouraged.
J Autism Dev Disord 1990 Sep
PMID:Group homes in North Carolina for children and adults with autism. 222 17

There is an ever-growing need to expand both the number and range of residential services for individuals with autism while developing strategies for assuring the quality of these programs. Future program development will be facilitated by an empirical approach to the critical elements that have been identified throughout the articles in this issue.
J Autism Dev Disord 1990 Sep
PMID:Critical issues in the residential care of people with autism. 222 18

How does a child acquire knowledge that other people are subjects of experience, and come to differentiate amongst mental states? In this paper I review some philosophical perspectives on these matters. In order to illustrate how the arguments have contemporary relevance, I criticize the 'theory of mind' approach currently favoured by many psychologists and point out certain implications for our view of early childhood autism.
Br J Med Psychol 1990 Sep
PMID:Concerning knowledge of mental states. 224 97

Twenty-eight children referred with a preliminary diagnosis of autistic disorder under age 3 yrs were extensively examined from the neuropsychiatric point of view and followed up for several months to several years. A diagnosis of autistic disorder was confirmed in 75% of the cases. A variety of associated medical conditions was identified. It was concluded that autism can be diagnosed in a substantial proportion of cases before age 3 yrs and that the neurobiological background is similar to that seen in older autistic children.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1990 Sep
PMID:Autism under age 3 years: a clinical study of 28 cases referred for autistic symptoms in infancy. 850 96

The development of a new standardized investigator-based interview for use in the differential diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorders is described, together with a diagnostic algorithm (using ICD-10 criteria) based on its use. Good interrater reliability for algorithm items was shown between four raters, two in Canada and two in the UK, who rated 32 videotaped interviews. The items also significantly discriminated between 16 autistic and 16 nonautistic mentally handicapped subjects. The algorithm based on ICD-10 identified all 16 autistic individuals and none of the 16 nonautistic subjects.
J Autism Dev Disord 1989 Sep
PMID:Autism diagnostic interview: a standardized investigator-based instrument. 279 83

A Japanese translation of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) (the Tokyo version of the CARS, CARS-TV) was used with 167 developmentally disabled children under age 16. Cronbach's coefficient alpha was .87. The interrater reliability (r) for each of the 15 scales based on 128 children ranged from .43 to .77 with an average of .62. Based on the 167 children, the total CARS-TV score demonstrated a satisfactory level of taxonomic validity (Thorndike, 1982) on DSM-III diagnostic groups. The total score discriminated infantile autism and other pervasive developmental disorders more efficiently from mental retardation without an additional diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder than an IQ. The total score also showed a satisfactory concurrent validity on the overall rating of autism.
J Autism Dev Disord 1989 Sep
PMID:Reliability and validity of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale--Tokyo version (CARS-TV). 279 84

Whole blood serotonin levels and platelet counts were studied in 14 families, representing 57 family members and 15 probands who met DSM III criteria for infantile autism. High serotonin appeared to segregate in families. When two parents had high serotonin, the serotonin level in their offspring was twice the parental level. When one parent had high serotonin, the serotonin level in the offspring approximated the level of serotonin in either the high serotonin parent or the low serotonin parent. For the case where both parents had low serotonin, in one family the children had low serotonin and in a second family, high serotonin levels were present in the autistic proband, and a sibling with severe mental retardation. Mean serotonin levels were higher for both male and female, autistics and family members, in the four black families than in the 10 Caucasian families.
J Autism Dev Disord 1989 Sep
PMID:Elevated blood serotonin in autistic probands and their first-degree relatives. 279 85

Attempts to explain infantile autism in terms of just one underlying neurological or psychological deficit may be misguided. As in the case of many neurological syndromes, autism may involve multiple functional deficits due to multiple coexistent neurological deficits. Comparison with Asperger's syndrome and the developmental dysphasias suggests that the autistic syndrome results from the coexistence of at least two distinct constellations of functional impairments: deficits in mechanical language skills, as in the developmental dysphasias; and deficits in social relatedness, play, and nonverbal communication, as in Asperger's syndrome. Possible neurological underpinnings are considered, including the relative contribution of the two cerebral hemispheres. Implications for etiology and research are discussed.
J Autism Dev Disord 1989 Sep
PMID:Infantile autism: a syndrome of multiple primary deficits? 279 86

Since early weaning in infancy has been known to result in vulnerability to infection, weaning times of 145 children diagnosed as autistic by DSM-III were statistically compared with those of 224 normal children in the same catchment area: 24.8% of the patients and 7.5% of the controls were weaned by the end of 1 week, a significant difference. Early weaning because of the mother's rather than the child's condition occurred with 17.9% of the patients and 5.8% of the controls, also a significant difference. Historical studies on infantile autism revealed that the disease developed more prevalently in the socioeconomic status where the incidence of breast-feeding was less frequent. These results suggest that early weaning may contribute to the etiology of infantile autism.
J Autism Dev Disord 1989 Sep
PMID:Weaning time of children with infantile autism. 279 87

The relationships between frequency of rumination in a boy with profound mental retardation and a variety of environmental, interpersonal, and temporal variables were investigated by collecting and analyzing data during all waking hours over a 4-week period. Low levels of rumination were associated with periods of special education programming (versus nonschool hours), individual attention (versus group activities and independent play), and time spent with caretakers who like the child (versus those who like him less). The findings also revealed a mealtime effect (decreasing rumination as time elapsed following meals) and a time of day effect (increasing rumination as the day progressed). Directions for future research and possible implications for the environmental management of rumination are discussed.
J Autism Dev Disord 1989 Sep
PMID:Variables associated with frequency of rumination in a boy with profound mental retardation. 279 88


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