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Query: UMLS:C0004352 (autism)
 32,579 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)


J Autism Child Schizophr 1976 Sep
PMID:Reactions to "employing electric shock with autistic children". 103 95

The Lesch--Nyhan syndrome is a heritable disorder of the metabolism of uric acid in which behavioral manifestations are prominent and among the most provocative. The mutated or variant gene that determines this disorder is carried on the X chromosome. The disease is expressed exclusively in males. The molecular expression of the abnormal gene is in the completely defective activity of the enzyme hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase. As a result these patients overproduce uric acid and may develop early in life many of the clinical findings we associate with gout. They have in addition a variety of neurological abnormalities including mental retardation, spastic cerebral palsy, and involuntary, choreoathetoid movements. Involved patients have unusual, compulsive, aggressive behavior. Its most prominent but by no means exclusive feature is self-mutilation. The central feature in the management of this behavior is physical restraint. A number of practical procedures have been learned which facilitate the care and feeding of these patients. Promising new findings suggest that behavioral modification using extinction techniques and pharmacologic methods utilizing agents designed to increase the effective cerebral content of serotonin may each have a place in the management of behavior in this syndrome.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1976 Sep
PMID:Behavior in the Lesch--Nyhan syndrome. 108 51

Computer analysis of the electroencephalogram (CEEG) in psychotic children before and after pharmacotherapy, normal children of schizophrenic mothers, and matched normal children of normal parents indicated significant intergroup differences. The psychotic children had more slow, as well as very fast, EEG waves. With drug therapy the EEG showed a partial "normalization," as fast EEG activity decreased. The EEG and auditory evoked potential of children of schizophrenic mothers were strikingly similar to those of psychotic children and schizophrenic adults, with significant decreases of the average EEG amplitude and the evoked potential latencies. Psychotic children were distinctly differentiated from the normal children by discriminant function analysis of the EEG and EP. Quantitative analysis of brain functions in the mentally ill can help determine the neurophysiological correlates of behavior, a more scientific diagnostic classification, prognosis, and selection of therapy.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1975 Sep
PMID:Computerized Electroencephalogram. A model of understanding the brain function in childhood psychosis and its treatment. 109 66

The characteristics of language and other forms of communication in normal and autistic children are described. The main basis of comparison is the extent to which each group can comprehend and use spoken and nonspoken language and also develop inner language. It is suggested that the central problem in early childhood autism is an impairment of complex symbolic function affecting all forms of communication. This problem can occur on its own, but, in the majority of cases, it is associated with other impairments of the central nervous system. The relationship of early childhood autism to mental retardation and to normal intellectual function is discussed.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1975 Sep
PMID:Language, communication, and the use of symbols in normal and autistic children. 117 24

Many residential and day treatment programs for troubled children have experienced only limited success because of their inability to impact the child's total life sphere: family, peer group, school, and neighborhood. This has prompted the present move to deinstitutionalize children's mental health services--a movement which is sound in its underlying purpose, but which sometimes falls prey to the notion that merely altering the location of treatment from the ward or institution to the community setting will dramatically alter its results. It will not. This paper begins with the assumption that the focus of child treatment is as important as the locus and attempts to identify the critical elements in a therapeutic community-based program for the troubled child and his parents.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1975 Sep
PMID:The ecology of child treatment. A developmental/educational approach to the therapeutic milieu. 117 25

The case findings of thirty-three children given a diagnosis of psychosis during hospitalization in the '50s and '60s were reviewed and rediagnosed in 1973. Childhood schizophrenia was the original diagnosis in 58% of the cases but was the rediagnosis in only 18% of those same cases. Chronic brain syndrome with various reactions (psychotic reaction, nonpsychotic behavioral reaction, and mental retardation and autism) was the diagnosis in 27% of the cases, originally, but was given to 67% of the cases on rediagnosis. One-third of the children originally diagnosed as psychotic were rediagnosed as nonpsychotic. Approximately two-thirds of the children were nonpsychotic according to the DeMyer-Churchill guidelines.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1975 Sep
PMID:Changing diagnosis of childhood psychosis. 117 26


J Autism Child Schizophr 1975 Sep
PMID:The invulnerable parent. 117 27


J Autism Child Schizophr 1975 Sep
PMID:Reading ability in disturbed children. 117 28

The Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) is a 58-item rating scale that was developed primarily to measure the effects of pharmacological intervention in individuals living in residential facilities. This study investigated the use of the ABC in a sample of community children with mental retardation. Teacher ratings on the ABC were collected on 666 students attending special classes. The data were factor analyzed and compared with other studies using the ABC. In addition, subscales were analyzed as a function of age, sex, and classroom placement, and preliminary norms were derived. A four-factor solution of the ABC was obtained. Congruence between the four derived factors and corresponding factors from the original ABC was high (congruence coefficients ranged between .87 and .96). Classroom placement and age had significant effects on subscale scores, whereas sex failed to affect ratings. The current results are sufficiently close to the original factor solution that the original scoring method can be used with community samples, although further studies are needed to look at this in more detail.
J Autism Dev Disord 1992 Sep
PMID:Factor validity and norms for the aberrant behavior checklist in a community sample of children with mental retardation. 138 87

The Infant Behavioral Summarized Evaluation (IBSE) is a rating scale adapted from the Behavioral Summarized Evaluation (BSE) and specifically related to the assessment of behaviors of young children having autistic disorders. Content validity and reliability studies described in the paper were made from behavior ratings of videotapes for 89 children aged from 6 to 48 months. Results show a significant group of 19 items including some characteristic early autistic behaviors (communicative and social abnormalities) and some that are less commonly described in the syndrome (attentional, perceptive, and adaptive disorders). The value of the use of this scale for clinicians and professionals involved in behavioral evaluations and treatment of young children with developmental disorders and the necessity for further psychometric investigations are discussed.
J Autism Dev Disord 1992 Sep
PMID:Validity and reliability of the infant behavioral summarized evaluation (IBSE): a rating scale for the assessment of young children with autism and developmental disorders. 138 88


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