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Query: UMLS:C0004352 (autism)
 32,579 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-seven patients (39 boys and 8 girls) with infantile autism whose clinical symptoms had matched the diagnostic criteria of DSM III were studied cytogenetically for the occurrence of fragile X [fra(X)] syndrome. The existence of fra(X) chromosome in these patients was screened first by culturing peripheral blood lymphocytes in a medium in which folic acid was absent; the fra(X) chromosome then was confirmed by reculturing in another medium to which 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine was added for the last 24 hours of culture. Fra(X) chromosome was found in 2 of 39 male patients, but in none of the female patients; the 2 patients are siblings. Thus, fra(X) syndrome occurs in 2.6% (1/38) in this study population of male autistic children. The frequencies of fra(X) expression in the older brother with mild mental retardation, in the more severely retarded younger brother, and in their mother were 3-5%, 17-20%, and 9-3%, respectively. Of the two methods used in the present study, the method employing 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine tended to be more sensitive to fra(X) chromosome detection, especially for a suspected carrier.
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PMID:Fragile X syndrome in Japanese patients with infantile autism. 333 20

Two hundred and twenty-eight cases of children with final clinical diagnoses of childhood psychosis were reviewed using a standard coding scheme; cases were grouped in three broad categories on the basis of clinical diagnosis (autistic, atypical and schizophreniform). These three groups differed significantly in many respects, although the 'atypical' group more closely resembled the autistic group. While it was possible meaningfully to differentiate diagnostic groups using DSM-III criteria, some cases were difficult to classify. Childhood schizophrenia, as strictly defined, was far less common than childhood autism. The development of diagnostic schemes for those children whose disorders are difficult to classify is an important topic for future research.
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PMID:Phenomenology and classification of the childhood psychoses. 336 38

Infantile autism was diagnosed by DSM-III criteria in 132 children (26 girls) who were outpatients of the Tsuchiura Child Guidance Center during the years 1977-1985. The children, all Japanese except for one Laotian boy born in Laos, were classified according to year and month of birth. The prevalence rate of infantile autism in southern Ibaraki, Japan, within the birth cohort born between 1972 and 1978 was 13.9/10,000 children. The month of birth for infantile autism increased in the second quarter of the year. The prevalence rate of infantile autism in each 1-year birth cohort fluctuated in a 4-year cycle, which was closely correlated (r = .92) with the number of children admitted with pneumonia and bronchiolitis in that area. These findings led us to postulate that infectious factors of children's pneumonia and bronchiolitis may have some role in the cause of infantile autism.
J Autism Dev Disord 1988 Jun
PMID:Epidemiology of infantile autism in southern Ibaraki, Japan: differences in prevalence in birth cohorts. 341 Aug 7

We examined the distribution of ages of onset of autism and related communication handicaps and assessed factors related to age of onset. Subjects were approximately 1,800 children seen at Division TEACCH (Treatment and Education of Autistic and related Communication handicapped CHildren) since 1970. Exact numbers of subjects varied with different analyses due to missing data. Data were gathered through direct assessment, interview, and questionnaire. Seventy-six percent of autistic children were identified by parents by 24 months of age, and 94% by 36 months. Families reporting early onset tended to seek help sooner and to be seen by TEACCH sooner. Early onset was most clearly related to severity as measured by IQ and ratings on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (Schopler, Reichler, & Renner, 1986). The findings support the treatment of age of onset of autism by DSM-III-R (American Psychiatric Association, 1987).
J Autism Dev Disord 1988 Jun
PMID:Factors relating to age of onset in autism. 341 Aug 11

Forty years after Kanner's groundbreaking work and many publications later, the outlook for children with autism has not changed markedly. Progress in understanding the etiology, let alone in developing new approaches for treatment, has been extremely slow for this and other serious, early onset disturbances. Historically, disagreements over diagnosis and syndrome definition have impeded research efforts. Indeed, in many cases it is impossible, on reading research reports of even a decade ago, to know exactly what population was being studied. DSM-III has broken new ground in its emphasis on developmental disorders viewed within a multiaxial diagnostic scheme. Increased diagnostic precision should facilitate the application of rigorous bio-behavioral research methods, which, in turn may help increasingly to define homogeneous populations. Refinements of nosology should not be mere academic exercises. Rather, they should suggest hypotheses which are amenable to empirical test. DSM-III, in addition to pointing the way out of the era of psychiatric Babel, has suggested empirical studies which have challenged its assumptions. In the field of nosology, this should be considered a major criterion of success. Changes in nomenclature, while sorely needed, should be undertaken with appropriate skepticism and conservatism and should build upon the foundation provided by DSM-III.
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PMID:[The classification of pervasive developmental disorders and other disorders: toward the DSM-IV]. 341 62

Two patients with infantile autism by DSM-III criteria and with atypical bipolar symptomatology were treated with lithium carbonate. Both children demonstrated a significant response with levels above 1.0mEq/liter. Factors that may be useful in discovering patients with autism who may respond to lithium treatment include a family history of bipolar illness; extreme hyperactivity not responsive to a stimulant; a definite cyclic component to symptomatic behaviors; sustained laughter, irritability, or giddiness that is not stereotypic; and/or the presence of many or all of the symptom criteria for bipolar disorder.
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PMID:Lithium carbonate in the treatment of two patients with infantile autism and atypical bipolar symptomatology. 342 1

The objectives of this paper are to review the literature on the diagnostic validity of schizotypal personality disorders (SPD) in childhood and to present the results of a chart review of 20 DMS-III-defined SPD children. The literature on this disorder is relatively limited, and although there is some agreement on clinical presentation, various authors have used different diagnostic labels. The DSM-III criteria for SPD appear to have acceptable content validity, but whether these are the best criteria for identifying a disorder with a particular etiology and natural history has not been investigated. The chart review on 20 SPD children presents information on early history, family background, neurodevelopmental impairments, and the degree of overlap with other, better-established diagnoses. On the basis of the chart review, suggestions for further research on the diagnostic validity of SPD are made.
J Autism Dev Disord 1986 Sep
PMID:A chart review of schizotypal personality disorders in children. 355 92

Twenty-five boys meeting DSM-III criteria for infantile autism were evaluated for IQ, age, and behavior score on the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), in order to determine the ability to predic platelet-rich plasma (PRP) serotonin concentrations. Multiple regression techniques were used to adjust the PRP serotonin concentration for medication and whole blood platelet count to allow meaningful comparisons of serotonin concentrations among the autistic children. Though we found no significant correlation between the adjusted serotonin concentration and the IQ, or between the adjusted serotonin concentration and the various ABC scale scores, four individual items of the ABC did correlate with the adjusted serotonin concentration. Individuals with all of these items appear to be more severely affected with the disorder of autism and have a tendency to higher adjusted PRP serotonin concentration.
J Autism Dev Disord 1987 Mar
PMID:Association of serotonin concentration to behavior and IQ in autistic children. 357 Nov 37

The performance of children meeting DSM-III criteria for schizophrenic disorder and infantile autism and of normal children (ages 7 years 10 months to 14 years 4 months) was compared on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Rey's Tangled Line Test, Benton Judgment of Line Orientation, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. The mean performance IQ of the schizophrenic and autistic children was equal and in the normal range. The normal children were of average intelligence as estimated by the PPVT. As compared to normal children, both autistic and schizophrenic children were impaired on the DSST and RTLT. The autistic children had significantly lower scores on the PPVT than schizophrenic and normal children. The schizophrenic children made significantly more perseverative responses on the WCST than did normal children. They significantly increased their nonperseverative errors on the second half of the WCST, after having been taught the correct sorting principles. It is argued that in schizophrenia a core deficit in momentary processing capacity underlies the above performance pattern. In contrast, in autism the core cognitive deficit involves an inability to use language to regulate and control ongoing behavior.
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PMID:A comparison of cognitive/neuropsychological impairments of nonretarded autistic and schizophrenic children. 357 38

The WISC-R factor scores of non-retarded children meeting DSM III criteria for autism and schizophrenia were compared. The scores of the schizophrenic children on factor 3 were significantly lower than those of the autistic children, below the range of normal children, and significantly lower than the scores they obtained on the verbal comprehension and perceptual organization factors. The autistic children scored in the superior range on the block design subtest and did not show gross impairments in language function as indexed by scores on the verbal comprehension factor. The only subtest autistic children were impaired on was the comprehension subtest.
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PMID:Patterns of intellectual functioning in non-retarded autistic and schizophrenic children. 358 97


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