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Query: UMLS:C0004352 (autism)
 32,579 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a recent epidemiologic survey conducted in Utah, 241 autistic patients (DSM-III criteria) were found. Medical records of 233 autistics were surveyed for the presence of 36 potentially pathologic prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors. These results were compared with those of an identical survey of 62 of their nonautistic siblings, with the results of four previously published surveys, and with normative data. No potentially pathologic factor or group of factors occurred significantly more frequently among the autistic patients. Also, previous observations of significant differences in the occurrence of certain factors in the histories single vs multiple siblings with autism were not confirmed, with the exception of increased viral-type illness during gestation in single-incidence cases. Thus, the etiology of the brain pathology that characteristically disrupts normal development and produces the syndrome of autism remains obscure. Other data from the epidemiologic survey, however, suggest that the role of genetic factors needs to be explored further.
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PMID:The UCLA-University of Utah epidemiologic survey of autism: prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors. 221 14

One hundred people with autistic disorder (DSM-III-R) without a known cause who comprised a total population of children with autism were compared with "autistic-like" children, Asperger syndrome and age-matched comparison children from the general population and were examined with regard to month of birth. There was an excess of March birth in the group of children with autism. The possible reasons for this finding are discussed.
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PMID:Do children with autism have March birthdays? 223 60

Previous studies of the neurobiology of autism that have used the brainstem auditory evoked response have given contradictory results. The authors of this study considered two supplementary aspects; they added an ipsilateral masking procedure, and they compared the results for every subject to the values (corrected for age and sex) of a large number of normal children. Twenty autistic (according to DSM-III-R criteria) and 13 mentally retarded (nonverbal IQ less than 75) subjects were assessed. Eighty percent of the autistic subjects had abnormal interpeak latencies, compared to 15% of the mentally retarded subjects. The I-V and III-V prolonged interpeak latency values were seen only in the autistic subjects. The ipsilateral masking procedure doubled the rate of detection of higher-brainstem abnormalities in the autistic children.
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PMID:Brainstem auditory evoked response and subcortical abnormalities in autism. 224 37

Dermatoglyphic patterns formed during fetal development reflect genetic or early developmental events. These patterns might provide a means for investigation of a biological basis for autism, but the results of prior studies are not conclusive. The authors undertook a study of 95 autistic children, defined by DSM-III criteria ascertained independently by three child psychiatrists. The dermatoglyphic patterns of these children were compared with several control groups, all age-matched, separated by sex, and comprising different ethnic compositions. Analysis of variance as well as chi-square methods of statistical analysis were applied. Consistency among hands, ATD angle values, total ridge counts, incidence and effects on ridge count of arches, double loops, and whorls were evaluated in this comparatively large, well-controlled group of autistic children, and all failed to support a value for dermatoglyphic analysis as a discriminant of autism.
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PMID:Dermatoglyphic study in autistic children and controls. 227 14

Although reports of autistic behavior in fragile X males have been published for 8 years, there is little information about specific behaviors shown by fragile X males that are suggestive of the diagnosis of autism. The new diagnostic criteria for autistic disorder contained in the DSM-III-R provided the opportunity for more closely investigating the topography of autistic behavior in 17 fragile X males and the effects of age and IQ on its occurrence. The criteria most frequently met by these subjects were related to deficits in social interaction with peers, abnormalities in verbal and nonverbal communication, stereotypic motor behavior, and unusual responses to sensory stimuli. Fragile X subjects did not frequently show abnormalities in attachment behaviors and reciprocal interaction with caregivers. There were no discernable age or IQ effects. The importance and implications of these findings are discussed and the need for greater exploration of autism "subtypes" is emphasized.
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PMID:Fragile X syndrome, DSM-III-R, and autism. 227 15

DSM-III and DSM-III-R diagnoses of 112 developmentally disordered preschool children were compared. There was no significant difference between the DSM-III and DSM-III-R diagnosis of the inclusive category of pervasive developmental disorder, but nearly twice as many cases (58) were diagnosed as autistic disorder by DSM-III-R criteria as were diagnosed as infantile autism (31) by DSM-III. Thirty children met both DSM-III and DSM-III-R criteria for autism (IA/AD) and 23 received a DSM-III diagnosis of atypical PDD (A-PDD) and a DSM-III-R diagnosis of AD (A-PDD/AD). All of the IA/AD children and none of the A-PDD/AD group displayed a marked lack of awareness of others. DSM-III-R criteria have specifically broadened the concept of autism to include children who, although socially impaired, are not pervasively unresponsive to others.
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PMID:DSM-III and DSM-III-R diagnosis of autism and pervasive developmental disorder in nursery school children. 229 64

The Tokyo Autistic Behavior Scale (TABS) consisting of 39 items provisionally grouped in four areas--interpersonal-social relationship, language-communication, habit-mannerism and others--is an instrument used by a child's caretaker to rate the child's autistic behaviors on a 3-point scale. Test-retest reliability was satisfactory (i.e., an r for a total score was .94). Among six DSM-III diagnostic groups, infantile autism showed a significantly higher total TABS score than the other five groups, and a taxonomic validity coefficient was .54. An r between total scores of the TABS and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale--Tokyo Version was .59. The area scores showed a lower validity than the total score. The TABS appears to be a useful instrument to assess autistic behavior.
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PMID:The reliability and validity of the Tokyo Autistic Behaviour Scale. 236 91

A review is presented of the diagnosis and drug treatment of the more common psychiatric and developmental disorders in the pediatric population. Where applicable, DSM III (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders, III) criteria are utilized to describe the behavioral syndromes. The indications for usage and appropriate dosages of antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, stimulants, and lithium are described. Those disorders discussed are attention deficit disorder, conduct disorders, anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, schizophrenia, autism, Tourette's syndrome, mental retardation, depressive illness, manic depressive illness, eating disorders, and enuresis.
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PMID:Pharmacologic treatment of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents (Part 1). 241 73

This paper presents a summary and critical review of the DSM-III diagnostic system for childhood psychiatric disorders with particular reference to developmental disorders. The rational for a multiaxial system, explicit diagnostic criteria, and a phenomenological approach are outlined. Criteria for mental retardation, infantile autism, and specific developmental disorders are reviewed. While this system is an advance over previous schemes many problems are also evident. These include a lack of specificity of the criteria, inconsistencies in criteria, and placement on the axes of mental disorders.
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PMID:A critical review of DSM-III in the developmental disorder of childhood. 243 Jan 29

We review the English-language literature on Asperger's syndrome (AS), with particular reference to diagnostic criteria and differentiation from infantile autism and personality disorders, and describe six cases seen in practice: all met DSM-III criteria for 'atypical pervasive developmental disorder'. Three also developed Tourette syndrome: the co-occurrence of the two disorders, and methods of intervention, are discussed.
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PMID:Asperger's syndrome and Tourette syndrome: the case of the pinball wizard. 243 Jun 59


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