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 32,579 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adolescents and young adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are not only at risk for drug and alcohol dependence, but are also difficult to maintain in a chemical dependency facility due to disruptive behaviors. Such patients may be "hyperaroused," a term coined by the field of occupational therapy, but oppositional behaviors hide their physical and emotional overreactivity. Thirty years ago, occupational therapist Dr. Jean Ayres developed Sensory Integration (SI) techniques that are traditionally used with children under 12 years of age who are diagnosed with learning disabilities, autism, and ADHD. Many of the chemically dependent adolescent and young adult patients with ADHD who are in treatment display characteristics similar to those of children traditionally targeted for this therapy. Techniques used by occupational therapists trained in SI were adapted to treat hyperarousal and overreactivity to the environment in chemically dependent adolescents and young adults, in order to maintain them in the treatment environment until they were ready to graduate. The techniques were successful in maintaining and educating patients about ADHD and chemical dependency.
J Subst Abuse Treat
PMID:A new approach to substance abuse treatment. Adolescents and adults with ADHD. 956 46

Prenatal exposure to substances may influence a child's neurodevelopment and impact on subsequent mental health. In a hospital-based population of school-aged children prenatally exposed to opiates and a number of illicit substances (n = 57), we evaluated mental health symptoms associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) using the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Questionnaire, revision IV (SNAP-IV) and the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) and compared the scores to a reference group which comprised children from the population-based Bergen Child Study (n = 171). Prenatally exposed children had significantly higher SNAP-IV scores associated with ADHD symptoms in both areas of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity and also reported a higher ASSQ score related to an increased number of symptoms associated with ASD, compared with the reference group. Of tested predictors of mental health outcomes in the exposed group, the intelligence quotient was a strong predictor of most mental health outcomes, and neonatal abstinence syndrome was a predictor of inattention. In conclusion, prenatally exposed children had more mental health symptoms associated with ADHD and ASD, compared with the reference group.
Subst Abuse 2018
PMID:Symptoms Associated With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorders in School-Aged Children Prenatally Exposed to Substances. 2961 30

Millions of children in China are diagnosed with developmental disabilities (DD), many of whom are subject to physical abuse. While a significant body of research suggests that parenting interventions can reduce the incidence and risk of such abuse, there is currently limited evidence of their effectiveness for this population or from non-English-speaking countries. This review involved searches in both English and Chinese databases to identify randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies of parenting interventions for families of children with DD in mainland China. Multilevel meta-analyses were undertaken to examine the effectiveness of parenting programs. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were conducted to investigate heterogeneity and identify potential moderators with a focus on intervention and delivery components. Risk of bias was assessed for each study. Thirty-one studies were included. The results showed that parenting interventions could reduce child emotional and behavioral problems (CEBP) and improve the parent-child relationship, although only one study directly measured the actual incidence of abuse. Programs for autism and epilepsy had stronger treatment effects. Teaching knowledge about CEBP, skills to improve parental mental health, and techniques to cultivate empathy were associated with program success; however, positive reinforcement was associated with more problems. The results also supported the delivery of programs with longer duration, a combination of group and individual sessions, efforts to build rapport, ongoing communication outside the programs, and delivery in hospitals or service agencies. Further research is needed, however, in addition to improvements in the quality of research and reporting.
Trauma Violence Abuse 2020 Apr 23
PMID:Parenting Programs That Address Physical Abuse in Childhood for Families of Children With Developmental Disabilities in Mainland China: Systematic Review and Meta-Regression. 3232 37