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Query: UMLS:C0004352 (autism)
 32,579 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

More than 90% of cases of patients suffering from acquired or congenital deafness may be provided with some sound sensation owing to the electrical stimulation of the few cochlear nerve fibers that are still present in the deaf cochlea. In order to obtain some speech discrimination without lip reading it is necessary to elicite different frequency sound sensations. Thus electrically proofs compartments must be performed all along the cochlear keyboard. The placement of 12 intra-cochlear electrodes is greatly facilitated by using an electrodes-bearer which is introduced through a very simple and classical surgical procedure. The indications for implanting depend on undiscussible criteria (total deafness, auditory response to electrical stimulation of the round window, patient's motivation). Clinical results consist of psychoaffective improvement and auditory possibilities. All patients are able to discriminate homosyllabic words in closed lists without lips reading, but the percentages of these performances greatly vary from one patient to the other. Some patients, generally suffering from acquired total deafness, are able to discriminate words or sentences without reference list and without help of lips reading. These results depend on the patient's socialization level, on the pre or post-lingual status of the deafness, on an eventual cochlear ossification, and on the value of several pre operative electro physiological data. Associated handicaps (autism, blindness, tetraplegia) are not contra indications and often represent supplementary reasons for implanting. The value of these post-operative results may be predicted owing to a series of electrical pre-operative tests and clinical data. Thus it is possible to determine the respective indications of multi and single channel cochlear implants.
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PMID:The Chorimac-12. A multichannel cochlear implant for total deafness. Description and clinical results. 384 55

A preimplantation genetic test to discriminate between severe and mild autism spectrum disorder might be developed in the foreseeable future. Recently, the philosophers Julian Savulescu and Guy Kahane claimed that there are strong reasons for prospective parents to make use of such a test to prevent the birth of children who are disposed to autism or Asperger's disorder. In this paper we will criticize this claim. We will discuss the morality of selection for mild autism in embryo selection in a hypothetical in vitro fertilization (IVF) situation where preimplantation genetic diagnosis is performed and compare this with a similar selection for congenital deafness. To do this we first discuss relevant human differences. We then introduce the principle of human capabilities (PC) and compare this principle with the principle of procreative beneficence (PB) introduced by Savulescu and Kahane. We apply the two principles to selection for mild autism and selection for congenital deafness. We argue that PC allows for the selection for mild autism but rules out selection for congenital deafness. PB will not give clear answers; the ruling of PB depends to a large extent on expected social, cultural and political developments. We will argue that PC is preferable to PB. We will discuss arguments for the value of mild autism for individuals who have this condition and argue that they are able to lead a life with human dignity provided autism-friendly social circumstances are present. Neither PC nor PB yields strong reasons for prospective parents to seek to prevent the birth of children who are disposed to mild autism spectrum disorder.
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PMID:Human capabilities, mild autism, deafness and the morality of embryo selection. 2333 4

Associations between congenital deafness or blindness and autism have been found. The main consequences of congenital sensory impairment, being barriers for communication, language and social interaction development, may lead to symptoms of autism. To date only few studies have been reported concerning individuals with congenital deafblindness. This study examines symptoms of autism among 71 children with congenital deafblindness using the Autism Behavior Checklist. The cohort of children with congenital deafblindness was found to have symptoms of autism on a level similar to children with another developmental disorder than autism for example intellectual disability. No association was found between severity of congenital sensory impairment and severity or type of symptoms of autism.
J Autism Dev Disord 2014 May
PMID:Symptoms of autism among children with congenital deafblindness. 2412 66