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Query: UMLS:C0004352 (autism)
 32,579 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A long-term follow-up study of 42 patients with West syndrome treated with high doses of sodium valproate is presented. Control of the hypsarrhythmic EEG pattern was achieved after two weeks for over three-quarters of the patients with sodium valproate doses of 100 to 300mg/kg/day. Recurrence of hypsarrhythmia was observed most often in patients treated with doses lower than 200mg/kg/day. Other types of seizures appeared in half of the patients followed beyond two years of age. Monotherapy throughout follow-up was possible for 30 patients. Autism occurred in only one infant, and 12 achieved normal mental status. The most common side-effects were asymptomatic thrombocytopenia, vomiting and mild somnolence. Hepatic enzymes were not altered.
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PMID:Infantile spasms treated with high doses of sodium valproate: initial response and follow-up. 187 25

Under the pathological conditions, the VEP may show changes in amplitude, latency, or waveform in one or more of its components. The major advantage of the pattern reversal VEP over the flash VEP lies in smaller variability in the waveform and latency of its components in the healthy population. The flash VEP is, however, particularly useful to infants and newborns. The variation in the waveform of the flash VEP was evaluated, and Type V was abnormal waveform. Subsequently, patients with various CNS diseases were examined. Acute hemiplegic patients showed high amplitude or increased latency patterns. In 45 percent of the West syndrome cases, VEP showed abnormal responses. The patients with asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome and mental retardation showed increased latency. Latency was decreased in hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia of newborns, and it was increased or decreased in autism and epilepsy. In our study, it was concluded that the rhythmic after-discharge is a true response. This assumption is supported by the following observations: (1) the after-discharge of VEP appeared before the occurrence of the alpha-wave in EEG; (2) the frequency of the after-discharge was generally higher than that in EEG; and (3) the frequency of the after-discharge did not change between the conditions of the resting state and hyperventilation. There was no after-discharge in VEP in patients with a history of encephalitis even when their IQs were normal, and the latency was increased in pattern reversal VEP.
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PMID:[Visual evoked potential]. 271 54

The authors report observing three children showing symptoms both of West's syndrome and autism. For them, the relational aspect was highlighted during hospitalization on an out-patient basis in a child psychiatry center instead of taking medication (for one of the children, no medication for epilepsy was taken; for the other two, medication was stopped shortly after, during their stay in the hospital). The positive outcome for these children (after four years for one of them) leads to the following question: Mightn't hypsarrhythmia be an early sign of relational problems, a symptom seen in child autism? The authors try to show that this is possible, placing more importance on the sick person than on his symptoms, and concentrating more on listening both to the parents and their suffering child.
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PMID:[West's syndrome and/or early autistic manifestations]. 317 96

This case study presents the history of a child diagnosed with severe tuberous sclerosis (TS) with an original prognosis of severe to profound mental retardation. Infantile spasms and seizures were eventually controlled, and with educational and therapeutic intervention, this child progressed until she was functioning within normal limits by age 4. This paper presents the position that early diagnosis, early seizure control, and early multidisciplinary intervention are crucial in reducing the poor prognosis in such cases.
J Autism Dev Disord 1984 Dec
PMID:Tuberous sclerosis: case study of early seizure control and subsequent normal development. 609 76

During the last five years, it has been recognized a very high incidence of autism in children affected by tuberous sclerosis; we believe that this association may be more than just a coincidence and that it may be that the autistic behavior spectrum is related to a great extent, to the anatomic localization of tubers in the frontal and temporoparietal areas. In this study we report our experience with 27 consecutive children, 12 boys and 15 girls with a diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis confirmed by clinical and MRI and or CT findings according to the diagnostic criteria developed by the Diagnosis Criteria Committee of the National Tuberous Sclerosis Association. They were studied during the period of 1988 to 1990. Ages range from 18 months to 16 years (mean: 6.5 years). Twenty-four had epilepsy and were receiving antiepileptic treatment. Seven of the 27 children (25.9 per cent) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for autistic disorder according to the DSM-III-R. The autistic behavior was evident in all of them by three and half years. The seven children had mental retardation. MRI and CT findings with subependymal calcifications and cortical tubers of frontal and temporoparietal predominance were seen in five of the seven autistic children. In one child, CT was normal and in the other it was not performed. Five were girls and all had West syndrome; two were boys and neither had seizures. Most of the reported cases of children with tuberous sclerosis and autism had experiences West syndrome. In our patients, five of the seven children with autism had west syndrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Autism in tuberous sclerosis]. 760 68

Parents of children with autism often report problems associated with obtaining a diagnosis of their child's condition, family support, information, and appropriate services. To evaluate any changes in the situation over the last two decades, the families of all members of the West Midlands Autistic Society, age 19 years and below, were asked to fill in a questionnaire that covered aspects of detection, diagnosis, help and information received, and educational provision. Responses were obtained from 127 families, the children of whom formed an older group ages 10 years and above (n = 67) and a younger group ages 9 years and below (n = 61). Findings show that there have been improvements for the younger group in some areas, such as earlier referral, diagnosis, and statementing. However, the situation with respect to advice given by professionals and the support and provision available after referral is still much the same as that experienced by families of the older group of children. Many difficulties and hurdles remain which hinder parents and children on the path to care in autism.
J Autism Dev Disord 1994 Oct
PMID:The path to care in autism: is it better now? 781 5

The Psychoeducational Profile (PEP) has been used to assess the developmental functioning and behavior of autistic children in the West. To examine its suitability for assessing autistic children in Hong Kong, the PEP was translated into Chinese and certain items were adapted for local conditions. The Chinese version of the PEP (CPEP) was administered to 23 autistic children and 40 children with normal development, ranging in age from 3 to 7 years. Some of the children were also given the Merrill-Palmer Scale of Mental Tests. Results indicated that CPEP scores correlated significantly with Merrill Palmer scores, demonstrating criterion-related validity. Significant positive correlations were also found between age and CPEP scores for children with normal development, verifying that the CPEP has properties of a developmental scale. There was also a significant difference between children with normal development and children with autism on the Pathology scale, suggesting that the scale has discriminant validity.
J Autism Dev Disord 1993 Jun
PMID:Developing a Chinese version of the psychoeducational profile (CPEP) to assess autistic children in Hong Kong. 833 Oct 48

An estimate of the prevalence of autism in tuberous sclerosis (TSC) was made by interviewing the parents of 21 children between ages 3 and 11 ascertained during a previous population study of the condition in the West of Scotland. Five of the children (24%) were rated autistic and a further four (19%), all of whom were girls, had socially impaired behavior categorized as pervasive developmental disorder, without fulfilling all the DSM-III-R criteria for autism. One further boy had disruptive attention-seeking behavior that had excluded him from his normal school. The estimated prevalence from this study of autism in TSC is 1 in 4 children in general, and 1 in 2 of those with mental retardation. Tuberous sclerosis could be a significant cause of autism and pervasive developmental disorders, particularly in girls.
J Autism Dev Disord 1993 Jun
PMID:A prevalence study of autism in tuberous sclerosis. 833 Oct 50

With the aim of ascertaining the existence of medical conditions associated with autism, the presence of pre- and perinatal factors, family antecedents as well as the prevalence rate of different epileptic syndromes in the juvenile autistic population, we carried out a retrospective observational study and looked at the medical history of 62 autistic children so diagnosed in the neuropaediatric service at Barakaldo Hospital Cruces in the past twenty years. All of them were diagnosed by a child neurologist following DSM-III-R criteria, having been by the same physician on at least one occasion. From the etiologic point of view, eight children (13%) presented specific syndromes, fifteen (23%) presented encephalopathies acquired pre-or perinatally, two (3.2%) had brain tumours and the remaining thirty-seven (61%) presented critogenetic autism. 47% of autistic children were seen to have some kind of epileptic syndrome: six had idiopathic epilepsy (juvenile myoclonic epilepsy 1: partial benign epilepsy with Rolandic point 2 ; petit mal 1; generalised primary epilepsy grand mal type 1); eleven had cryptogenic epilepsy (myoclonic epilepsy 1 ; focal 7; grand mal 1; Lennox 2) and secondary epilepsy in eleven other cases (West 4; focal 6; grand mal). In the literature an epileptic frequency among autistic subjects is quoted as being between 16% and 35% dropping to 6% in slight cryptogenic autistic cases. Our frequency rate among autistic children is much higher, reaching 47% of the total and affecting 46% of cryptogenic autistic cases. There were no cases of polymorphic nursing epilepsy in our series. Idiopathic and cryptogenic epilepsy were more frequent in cryptogenic autism.
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PMID:[Clinical-radiological evaluation of infantile autism and epileptic syndromes associated with autism]. 855 18

This paper reviews childhood autism, a serious psychopathological disorder, with emphasis placed on aetiology and management; and outlines briefly the care of the autistic population in a few well organized programmes existing in Jamaica. There is a need for increased awareness, local research and dissemination of information to appropriate personnel and organizations.
West Indian Med J 1998 Mar
PMID:Autism in Jamaica. 961 89


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