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Query: UMLS:C0004352 (autism)
 32,579 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The only finding of a metabolic defect in psychotic children which has been replicated in a blind study is the discovery of an elevated efflux of serotonin from the platelets of children with early infantile autism (Boullin, Coleman, & O'Brien, 1970; Boullin, Coleman, O'Brien, & Rimland, 1971). The reported failure of Yuwiler, Ritvo, Geller, Glousman, Schneiderman, and Matsuno (1975) to replicate the Boullin et al. findings is attributable to differences in the method of selecting subjects. The Boullin et al. studies found that only children with classical infantile autism, as diagnosed by the Rimland E-2 check list, manifested the metabolic error. Since only 10% of psychotic children score in the autistic range on the check list, and since all children in the Yuwiler et al. study displayed the syndrome of "perceptual inconstancy," a syndrome inconsistent with "insistence on the preservation of sameness," an integral part of the syndrome of early infantile autism as scored on the E-2 check list, the failure of Yuwiler et al. to find elevated efflux in their sample was to be expected.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1976 Dec
PMID:Platelet uptake and efflux of serotonin in subtypes of psychotic children. 103 40

A review of the different concepts of childhood psychoses is made. Margaret Mahler's observations of normal and psychotic children concerning their relationship with their mothers during their first years of life are reviewed. Through the discussion of the concepts that Mahler has reached, understanding the dynamics of growth and their alterations, we obtain a clear understanding of the defects in psychological functions observed in the psychoses, including early infantile autism (Kanner) and symbiotic psychosis (Mahler). A correlation of events occurring at different levels of growth: object relations, cognitive growth, psychosexual development, growth of anxiety, etc., is attempted.
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PMID:[Psychodynamic theory of childhood psychoses]. 105

I have tried to summarize the different points of view in regard to clinical diagnosis of child psychosis. The main purpose is to reach a more universal agreement to base a diagnosis that allows us not only to facilitate an early diagnosis but also its treatment and above all better bases for research. Infantile psychosis varies at different levels of growth, according to age, however it is considered that psychosis in children is basically a disturbance in ego-functions. This is clearly evident in the thinking process, in affect, perception, motility, language, individualization, disturbance of object relations, and lost of contact with reality. The basic points for the diagnosis of child psychosis proposed by the "Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry" and initially studied by the English working party headed by Goldberg and col. are discussed: disturbances of their interpersonal relationships, indifference or preoccupation with inanimate objects, lack or failure in speech development, alteration in sensorial perception, bizarre or stereotyped behavior, resistance to change routines or change of environment, poor personal identification, crises of anger or panic which are not predictable and finally an uneven intellectual development.
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PMID:[Clinical diagnosis of childhood psychoses]. 105 2

Case history data on 142 psychotic children were obtained using the Rimland Diagnostic Check List. A particular variety of the method known as numerical taxonomy was used to classify the children into subgroups on the basis of responses on the Check List. A comparison was made between a classification of Kanner's syndrome vs. "no Kanner's syndrome" and a classification using random classes as starting points. The "best" classification of the data was one in which 2 classes were obtained, one containing all the Kanner's syndrome children plus other early-onset, nonrelating psychotic children and the other containing children with later onset and more varied symptoms. Those attributes which significantly differentiated between the classes both in the "best" classification and in the Kanner's syndrome classification were extracted. A distinction between Kanner children and other similar children was found only for 3 specific behaviors: obsessive desire for sameness, islets of special ability, and skillful manipulation of small objects.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1975 Mar
PMID:Kanner's syndrome or early-onset psychosis: a taxonomic analysis of 142 cases. 109 44

Computer analysis of the electroencephalogram (CEEG) in psychotic children before and after pharmacotherapy, normal children of schizophrenic mothers, and matched normal children of normal parents indicated significant intergroup differences. The psychotic children had more slow, as well as very fast, EEG waves. With drug therapy the EEG showed a partial "normalization," as fast EEG activity decreased. The EEG and auditory evoked potential of children of schizophrenic mothers were strikingly similar to those of psychotic children and schizophrenic adults, with significant decreases of the average EEG amplitude and the evoked potential latencies. Psychotic children were distinctly differentiated from the normal children by discriminant function analysis of the EEG and EP. Quantitative analysis of brain functions in the mentally ill can help determine the neurophysiological correlates of behavior, a more scientific diagnostic classification, prognosis, and selection of therapy.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1975 Sep
PMID:Computerized Electroencephalogram. A model of understanding the brain function in childhood psychosis and its treatment. 109 66

In a study of 66 former child psychiatric patients, Form E-1 of Rimland's Diagnostic Check List (DCL) was found to be an effective instrument for differentiating autistic, other psychotic, and nonpsychotic disturbed children. Follow-up study revealed more favorable outcomes in nonpsychotic cases, with significant association between DCL scores and improvement following discharge. Scores indicative of autism on the DCL were also significantly associated with being of the Jewish faith.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1975 Jun
PMID:Childhood psychosis. The problem of differential diagnosis. 117 16

The case findings of thirty-three children given a diagnosis of psychosis during hospitalization in the '50s and '60s were reviewed and rediagnosed in 1973. Childhood schizophrenia was the original diagnosis in 58% of the cases but was the rediagnosis in only 18% of those same cases. Chronic brain syndrome with various reactions (psychotic reaction, nonpsychotic behavioral reaction, and mental retardation and autism) was the diagnosis in 27% of the cases, originally, but was given to 67% of the cases on rediagnosis. One-third of the children originally diagnosed as psychotic were rediagnosed as nonpsychotic. Approximately two-thirds of the children were nonpsychotic according to the DeMyer-Churchill guidelines.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1975 Sep
PMID:Changing diagnosis of childhood psychosis. 117 26

Twenty-six psychotic children were examined by means of psychological tests and EEGs. The parents of these patients were also tested with the EPI and the Grid Test of Thought Disorder. The mothers of children with the symptom of autism tended to have some cognitive disorganization, which was less common in the mothers of children without the symptom. The extraversion and neuroticism scores of all parents were not markedly different from population statistics. The incidence of EEG abnormality in the children was high and not related to diagnosis or other criteria. These findings are interpreted as providing suggestive evidence for a two-factor theory of childhood psychosis. It is postulated that a neurological disorder is a necessary condition for the development of such a disorder; and that a second process related to parental characteristics is also involved, which has the effect of determining the particular symptomatic manifestations seen in the psychotic child.
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PMID:Parental characteristics in relation to diagnosis and neurological status in childhood psychosis. 120 32

In the clinical picture of 121 patients from 1 to 14 years among the group of 250 with phenylketonuria (48.4%), besides symptoms of mild mental retardation, there were also signs of autism, shallow emotional reactions and catatonic disturbances. This group was distinguished as a special schizophreno-like variant of phenylketonuria. A study of the age and therapeutical dynamics of the psychotic symptomatology has demonstrated that the schizophreno-like syndrome in phenylketonuria may be transient (63 cases) and more stable (58 cases) and does not depend upon the content of hyperphenilalaninemia, the genetical variant of the disorder and hereditary loading by schizophrenia. It is concluded that the schizophreno-like symptomatology in phenylketonuria develops due to a pleiotropic effect of the phenylketonuric gene.
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PMID:[A schizophrenia-like variant of phenylketonuria]. 121 Sep 31

Children with infantile autism and childhood psychoses were identified in the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke Collaborative Perinatal Study. They were matched with two control groups one of normal-IQ and the other of low-IQ children. Perinatal data, which had been collected prospectively, were then rated blindly. The relationship between uterine bleeding in mothers and their subsequently delivered children, who developed the syndromes of autism and childhood psychosis, was found to be significant. Mid-trimester bleeding was especially prevalent. The bleeding was usually minor and was not considered to be clinically significant at the time of occurrence. The results tend to corroborate 12 previously published retrospective reports indicating more perinatal complications in children who develop autism and childhood psychosis.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1975 Dec
PMID:Early childhood psychosis and bleeding during pregnancy. A prospective study of gravid women and their offspring. 124 34


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