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Query: UMLS:C0004352 (autism)
 32,579 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this research project was to identify children with psychotic behavior in the Institutions for the Mentally Retarded in Denmark and to analyze psychotic behavior. The subjects for study were 392 children, partly selected as a representative sample, partly selected as a sample of children with psychotic behavior. A combined observation and interview scheme was constructed containing 17 behavioral items and 6 developmental scales. Scoring systems for psychotic behavior were constructed and their consistency analyzed by the Rasch item-analysis model. Two major behavioral dimensions, "bizarre behavior" and "psychotic withdrawal," were used for the diagnostic grouping of the subjects. The distributions of the children in regard to developmental retardation, organic brain damage, and psychiatric diagnoses were investigated. Conclusions regarding guidelines for reorganization of present services and establishment of new services are proposed.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1978 Mar
PMID:Psychotic behavior in children under the institutions for mentally retarded in Denmark. 64 Sep 97

The design, administration, and scording of the first edition of the Children's Handicaps, Behavior & Skills (HBS) structural interview schedule, intended to elicit information concerning metally retarded or psychotic children, are described. A high level of reliability was achieved with experienced interviewers and good informants. In a study of 104 such children, the levels of overall agreement between parent and professional informants on the 62 sections of the schedule were, in general, 70% or above. Agreement was better for rating absence of skills or behavioral abnormalities than for rating their presence. This tendency was particularly marked for the behavioral abnormaliteis. Parents, when compared with professional workers, tended to describe their children as having higher developmental skills, more social contact but also more repetitive and difficult behavior.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1978 Mar
PMID:Systematic recording of behaviors and skills of retarded and psychotic children. 64 Oct 3

Amino compounds were measured with an amino acid analyzer in the fasting plasma of 34 patients with childhood psychoses (28 having infantile autism) and 40 control children, and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 19 of the psychotic children and 23 control children. Organic acids were determined by gas chromatography in urine, plasma, and CSF of the psychotic patients. The mean concentration of ethanolamine in CSF was significantly higher in psychotic children than in control subjects. A subgroup of autistic children may possibly have a brain disorder involving ethanolamine metabolism. None of the known inherited diseases of organic acid metabolism was found in any of the psychotic children, but future studies utilizing sophisticated gas chromatography--mass spectrometry--computer techniques might disclose abnormal organic acid content in the CSF of such patients.
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PMID:Amino compounds and organic acids in CSF, plasma, and urine of autistic children. 72 9

Twenty-three psychotic children ranging in age from 5 to 16 were interviewed in half-hour play sessions. The play session comprised three activities designed to elicit statements using the pronouns I, you, and he to express the concepts of possession, action, and description. It was hypothesized that psychotic children would use the third-person pronoun he more readily than the first-person pronoun I (Hypothesis I), and that possession, action, and description statements would develop in an orderly sequence as predicted by Bosch (1962/1970) (Hypothesis II). Hypothesis I was not confirmed: Some of the least advanced psychotic children used the pronoun I, and only the most advanced children used you and he. Hypothesis II was confirmed: the least advanced children used pronouns correctly in statements expressing the concept of possession, whereas the most advanced children had mastered all three contexts of pronoun use. These results have implications for language therapy, and they are concordant with the language theories of Piaget and Werner and Kaplan.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1978 Dec
PMID:The development of pronoun usage in the psychotic child. 73 Jun 65

To improve observer uniformity and objectivity in the psychiatric appraisal of parents of psychotic children, structured psychiatric interviews were administered to 64 parents of psychotic children, including 28 husband--wife pairs and 8 single parents. Judgments were recorded on the Spitzer--Endicott Psychiatric Status Schedule and the past section of their Current and Past Psychopathology Scales. There were no significant differences between fathers and mothers of organic and nonorganic children (children with and without evidence of neurological dysfunction). As a whole, the 56 parents in the 28 participating husband-wife pairs fell between a contrast group of 55 adult subjects attending a psychiatric clinic and another contrast group of 130 subjects living in the community in upper Manhattan in their trends to pathological symptoms as judged by the Psychiatric Status Schedule. Similarly, in the past section of the Current and Past Psychopathology Scales the parents showed a trend to more psychopathology than a community sample of 36 nonpatient adults. Finally, computer diagnoses based on the Psychiatric Status Schedule showed more schizophrenia in the parents of the psychotic children than in a sample of 130 nonpatient adults in the community. The data thus tend to support findings based on the unstructured interview of elevated schizophrenia rates in parents of psychotic children.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1976 Dec
PMID:A study of psychopathology of parents of psychotic children by structured interview. 79 50

This case study describes in detail two autistic siblings who were mentioned in Rimland's analysis of checklists for psychotic children, as the only pair of classically early infantile autistic siblings (Rimland, 1971). One of the children, a nonverbal girl, now 13 years old, who developed epileptic seizures at age 41/2, shows all symptoms of early infantile autism even today. Her brother, now 24 years old, however, does not fit any of the known psychopathological patterns of childhood. The boy showed all symptoms of early infantile autism, but also some of the main characteristics of childhood schizophrenia and austic psychopathy. It is suggested that we are dealing perhaps with an unusual mixed type falling within a broad category of genetically determined types of autistic disorders.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1976 Mar
PMID:A pair of classically early infantile autistic siblings. 94

A 20-year follow-up of a child psychiatric clientele of 322 patients demonstrates that nearly one third have been admitted to psychiatric departments or mental hospitals in adulthood. One tenth belonged to the group with psychoses either as a child or grown-up. While the incidence of manic-depressive psychosis did not differ from a normal population of the same sex and age, the child psychiatric clientele is overrepresented by psychotic patients later on diagnosed as schizophrenia. The outcome of infantile psychosis was in half of the cases chronic psychosis; five of 10 psychosis proto-infantilis patients were diagnosed schizophrenia in adulthood. This result is not in accordance with the modern view that psychosis proto-infantilis is a special disease with no clinical connection to schizophrenia. The clinical entity of infantile psychosis and borderline psychosis seems to be affirmed by a common clinical and diagnostic course into borderline psychosis or schizoid character disorders. Nine patients with psychosis in adulthood did not belong to the group of psychosis in childhood.
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PMID:A follow-up study of a child psychiatric clientele with special regard to the diagnosis of psychosis. 96 58

This was a case study of a pair of dizygotic twins who both developed psychotic symptoms indicative of infantile autism at the age of 31--32 months. By the age of 5 years, when the children were evaluated, and over the 1 1/2 years they were followed, some improvement could be observed. Certain family events which took place just prior to the outbreak of the psychosis are reported, and the point is made that these may have had some causative relation with the disorder by acting as environmental stress factors. The possibility of a genetic factor also contributing to the appearance of the disorder could not be excluded in view of the existence of a first cousin with autistic symptoms.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1976 Jun
PMID:Infantile autism in dizygotic twins. A case report. 98 86

Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) activity was studied in three groups of institutionalized children: (1) a group of schizophrenic children; (2) a heterogeneous group of chronic psychotic children characterized by severe symptomatology and onset before 5 years of age; (3) a group of acting-out but nonpsychotic children. Erythrocyte COMT activity was found to be significantly lower among the schizophrenic subjects in contrast to the greater activity in both the other groups--the nonpsychotic and chronic psychotic children. The difference in COMT activity between psychotic groups appeared to be related to diagnosis and age of onset of disorder. Generality of findings is limited by the small sample size (N = 42) and by the difficulties inherent in the diagnosis of severe mental disorder in children. However, this preliminary study suggests that enzymatic activity may be associated with the development of schizophrenia in children.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1976 Sep
PMID:Catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in psychotic children. 103 93

On the basis of a search of the literature and extensive inquiries to clinicians, this paper catalogues those cases that contain any information concerning possible neuropathologic changes in cases of childhood autism or psychosis. In all, 33 cases were identified. Twenty-nine cases are from the literature; six of these are sibling pairs. Four cases were folnd by inquiry and have not been reported heretofore. Because of limitations in both the clinical and neuropathologic data in most of the case reports, the paper serves primarily as a source of reference to the 33 cases identified. The information that is available is presented along with some tentative suggestions for further research.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1976 Dec
PMID:Neuropathologic aspects of psychosis in children. 103 39


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