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 32,579 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study explored health officials' perception of parental concern regarding the safety of combination vaccines and its impact on policy decisions in different European countries. Interviews were conducted with governmental and nongovernmental health officials in the United Kingdom, France, Ireland and Sweden over a four-month period. Parental concern regarding the safety of combination vaccines was perceived to be prevalent in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Sweden while no such concern was evident in France. The concern was limited to the combined measles, mumps and rubella vaccine and its alleged causal association with autism and did not carry over to other combined vaccines. Although proposed by certain political groups, no policy changes regarding combination vaccines were made in any study country.
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PMID:Safety concerns regarding combination vaccines. Perspective of select European countries. 1703 25

Because of a temporal correlation between the first notable signs and symptoms of autism and the routine childhood vaccination schedule, many parents have become increasingly concerned regarding the possible etiologic role vaccines may play in the development of autism. In particular, some have suggested an association between the Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccine and autism. Our literature review found very few studies supporting this theory, with the overwhelming majority showing no causal association between the Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccine and autism. The vaccine preservative thimerosal has alternatively been hypothesized to have a possible causal role in autism. Again, no convincing evidence was found to support this claim, nor for the use of chelation therapy in autism. With decreasing uptake of immunizations in children and the inevitable occurrence of measles outbreaks, it is important that clinicians be aware of the literature concerning vaccinations and autism so that they may have informed discussions with parents and caregivers.
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PMID:Immunizations and autism: a review of the literature. 1716 57

The efficacy, the ability to confer protection against a target disease and the safety of a vaccine are assessed in great detail before licensure. However, inherent limitations in the prelicensure assessment necessitate continued epidemiological evaluations of efficacy and safety issues after the introduction of vaccines into use. In Denmark, the opportunities available for epidemiological research are unique. In 2001, an initiative was undertaken to take advantage of these opportunities to study the postlicensure epidemiology of childhood vaccination with respect to effectiveness and safety. First, we describe the unique opportunities for postlicensure research in Denmark with respect to the data sources available and the epidemiological and statistical methods used. We then describe a number of recent postlicensure studies of effectiveness and safety that took advantage of these opportunities. Specifically, studies on the effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination, the effectiveness of pertussis vaccination, the impact of a preschool pertussis booster on infant pertussis, measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and autism, thimerosal-containing vaccine and autism, measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and febrile seizures, childhood vaccination and Type 1 diabetes, and childhood vaccination and nontargeted infectious disease are discussed.
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PMID:Postlicensure epidemiology of childhood vaccination: the Danish experience. 1718 38

Recent debates in the United Kingdom about the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine and its alleged link with autism have centred on contested notions of risk. This paper presents findings from 87 parents' focus group and interview discussions of their decision-making about the vaccine in light of three streams of theoretical literature on risk (cultural theory, risk society, psychometric models of risk perception) and models of vaccination acceptance and resistance. In addition to the risks of infectious disease and autism, parents balanced other risk concerns-both biological and social-in making their decisions. Such decisions, made on behalf of children unable to choose for themselves, and in the midst of contradictory information and uncertainty, symbolised what it means to be a 'good parent'. To cope with uncertainty, parents sought explanations for why some children seem to be more vulnerable to adverse outcomes than others. Debates about children's risks may need special theoretical consideration beyond that offered by the current risk literature. Specific aspects of the MMR debate, namely, selecting between potentially competing risks, making risk judgements on behalf of dependent others, and tensions between private and public good, provide a platform for exploring how social theories of risk might be adapted for children's health controversies.
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PMID:Children's health and the social theory of risk: insights from the British measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) controversy. 1754 Apr 88

The role that virus infections play in autism is not known. Others have reported that antibodies against measles virus are higher in the sera/plasma of children with autism versus controls. The authors investigated antibody titers to measles, mumps, and rubella viruses and diphtheria toxoid in children with autism, both classic onset (33) and regressive onset (26) forms, controls (25, healthy age- and gender-matched) and individuals with Tourette's syndrome (24) via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. No significant differences in antibody titers to measles, mumps, and rubella viruses and diphtheria toxoid were found among the four groups. Additionally, there were no significant differences between the four groups for total immunoglobulin (Ig)G or IgM. Interestingly, the authors did find a significant number (15/59) of autism subjects (classic and regressive onset combined) who had a very low or no antibody titer against rubella virus, compared to a combine control/Tourette's group (2/49).
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PMID:Are there altered antibody responses to measles, mumps, or rubella viruses in autism? 1761 15

Graphs have been used in attempts to show a relationship between the measles, mumps and rubella virus (MMR) vaccine and autism. We examine the topic of graphical representation of data in general, and one of these graphs in particular: the one that appeared in a 1999 letter to The Lancet. That graph combined data from England and from California, USA. The author alleged that this graph illustrated a rise in autism rates linked to the use of the MMR vaccine. By examining the presentation closely, we are able to show how this graph misrepresented the data used. We give advice for both authors and publishers in the use of such graphical treatments of data.
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PMID:A case study of a graphical misrepresentation: drawing the wrong conclusions about the measles, mumps and rubella virus vaccine. 1786 21

A suggested association between certain childhood vaccines and autism has been one of the most contentious vaccine safety controversies in recent years. Despite compelling scientific evidence against a causal association, many parents and parent advocacy groups continue to suspect that vaccines, particularly measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs), can cause autism.
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PMID:Vaccines and autism: evidence does not support a causal association. 1792 18

Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder that affect children early in their life. Immunological disorders is one of several contributing factors that have been suggested to cause autism. Thirty autistic children aged 3-6 years and thirty non-autistic psychologically-free siblings were studied. Circulating IgA and IgG autoantibodies to casein and gluten dietary proteins were detected by enzyme-immunoassays (EIA). Circulating IgG antibodies to measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (M.M.R) and cytomeglovirus were investigated by EIA. Results revealed high seropositivity for autoantibodies to casein and gluten: 83.3% and 50% respectively in autistic children as compared to 10% and 6.7% positivity in the control group. Surprisingly, circulating anti-measles, anti-mumps and anti-rubella IgG were positive in only 50%, 73.3% and 53.3% respectively as compared to 100% positivity in the control group. Anti-CMV IgG was positive in 43.3% of the autistic children as compared to 7% in the control group. It is concluded that, autoimmune response to dietary proteins and deficient immune response to measles, mumps and rubella vaccine antigens might be associated with autism, as a leading cause or a resulting event. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
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PMID:Possible immunological disorders in autism: concomitant autoimmunity and immune tolerance. 1797 54

Good science demands independent replication of new ideas and results and abandonment of accepted theories in light of more reliable evidence. Failure to comply leads to damaging bad science, as with the falsely claimed association between measles, mumps and rubella vaccination and autism. Progress of good science also often requires serendipity, 'making discoveries by accident and sagacity of things not sought'. Work on the pentraxin proteins, C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P component (SAP), and on amyloidosis, has benefited from abundant serendipity, leading to routine clinical use of CRP measurements, the invention of SAP scintigraphy for amyloidosis, the establishment of the NHS National Amyloidosis Centre providing superior patient care, and latterly the invention of a novel pharmacological mechanism for therapeutic depletion of pathogenic proteins. New drugs using this mechanism are in development for amyloidosis and cardiovascular disease and potentially also Alzheimer's disease, type II diabetes and other tissue damaging conditions.
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PMID:Science and serendipity. 1819 4

The present study was performed to determine whether acetaminophen (paracetamol) use after the measles-mumps-rubella vaccination could be associated with autistic disorder. This case-control study used the results of an online parental survey conducted from 16 July 2005 to 30 January 2006, consisting of 83 children with autistic disorder and 80 control children. Acetaminophen use after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination was significantly associated with autistic disorder when considering children 5 years of age or less (OR 6.11, 95% CI 1.42-26.3), after limiting cases to children with regression in development (OR 3.97, 95% CI 1.11-14.3), and when considering only children who had post-vaccination sequelae (OR 8.23, 95% CI 1.56-43.3), adjusting for age, gender, mother's ethnicity, and the presence of illness concurrent with measles-mumps-rubella vaccination. Ibuprofen use after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination was not associated with autistic disorder. This preliminary study found that acetaminophen use after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination was associated with autistic disorder.
Autism 2008 May
PMID:Acetaminophen (paracetamol) use, measles-mumps-rubella vaccination, and autistic disorder: the results of a parent survey. 1917 80


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