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Query: UMLS:C0004352 (autism)
 32,579 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Increasingly, parents, teachers, and students with disabilities are advocating for interventions that go beyond skill training to provide support for participation in integrated environments and support for friendships. The present research demonstrated a social network intervention for youths with moderate and severe disabilities. Two groups of nondisabled peers were recruited to participate in weekly discussions with an adult integration facilitator to increase opportunities for social interaction for 2 students (1 with autism and 1 who was moderately mentally retarded). The groups met to discuss social interactions that had occurred with the students with disabilities and to talk about strategies to promote greater inclusion of the students into ongoing social interaction. The nondisabled students participated in the design and implementation of social skills interventions during transition times and lunch. The nondisabled students used self-monitoring data sheets to record the quantity and quality of interactions. The frequency of interaction, number of opportunities for interaction, and appropriateness of social interactions were analyzed with a multiple baseline design. Results indicated that the social network intervention was successful in increasing the quantity and quality of interactions and that the network strategy promoted the development of friendships. The results are discussed in terms of the need for additional research showing the relationships between increases in social competence, peer-mediated intervention, and the development and support of friendship.
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PMID:A peer-mediated social network intervention to enhance the social integration of persons with moderate and severe disabilities. 163 25

Interviewed 21 high-functioning adults with autism and 20 mildly to moderately mentally retarded adults without autism about sexuality and dating. Sexual knowledge and interest were assessed by a sexuality vocabulary checklist and a multiple-choice questionnaire. Group differences were found in experience, with more sexual experiences among the mentally retarded adults, but not in knowledge or interest. In both groups IQ was positively correlated with knowledge scores and males had significantly greater interest in sexuality than females. Implications of sex and group differences are discussed.
J Autism Dev Disord 1991 Dec
PMID:Sexual attitudes and knowledge of high-functioning adolescents and adults with autism. 177 61

Identical female twins with the combination of infantile autism, mild-moderate mental retardation and the fragile-X (q27.3) chromosome abnormality are described. The case report highlights the need for chromosomal cultures in both boys and girls presenting with the "Kanner syndrome".
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PMID:Monozygotic female twins with autism and the fragile-X syndrome (AFRAX). 321 18

A case of a five-year-old boy with Moebius syndrome, mild-moderate mental retardation and childhood psychosis (possibly infantile autism) is described. This is probably the first case ever of concomitant Moebius syndrome and childhood psychosis to be reported. Brainstem dysfunction is proposed as a common denominator in the neurologic and psychiatric syndrome.
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PMID:Childhood psychosis in a case of Moebius syndrome. 648 13

A family with fragile-X syndrome is reported. One sibling has atypical pervasive developmental disorder and moderate mental retardation. A second sibling has Tourette's syndrome, moderate mental retardation, seizure disorder, and autism. A third sibling has attention deficit disorder, moderate mental retardation, and developmental language disorder, expressive type. The authors believe that this family represents a classic example of the differential outcome of interactions of common biogenetic and environmental influences. We propose that in this family the multipotential outcome is at least influenced by if not caused by a common genetic defect.
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PMID:A family with fragile-X syndrome. 659 Jul 82

In a continuing twin study of autism in Scandinavia and Finland, moderately mentally retarded triplets fulfilling Rutter's criteria for infantile autism were reported. Judging by physical appearance the triplets were identical. Behaviourally they were extremely similar though one was intellectually slightly better than the other two. All three showed the physical stigmata characteristic of the fragile-X syndrome, in spite of their overall appearance being non-conspicuous. The triplets had between 8 and 12 per cent of fragile-X positive cells and showed a distinct pattern of urinary excretion of substances yielding absorbency at 280 nM. Their mother and sister also had a high count of fragile-X positive cells.
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PMID:Identical triplets with infantile autism and the fragile-X syndrome. 668 62

Report of an association of Saethre-Chotzen- and fragile X-Syndrome in a 19-years old imbecile with autism and aggressiveness. Both syndromes exhibit symptoms of minimal brain damage and disorders of personality.
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PMID:[Association of Saethre-Chotzen and fra-X syndrome]. 779 21

Investigated the association between various depression assessment methods in 38 adults with mild or moderate mental retardation, half of whom had relatively high and the other half had relatively low depression screening scores. Measures included a standard psychiatric interview (Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents), an informant rating scale (Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behavior), and a self-report measure (Self-Report Depression Questionnaire). Association between measures was generally low, yielding discordant classification results. Potential reasons for these discrepancies were offered, and implications for clinical and research assessment of mood disorders in mental retardation were discussed.
J Autism Dev Disord 1994 Jun
PMID:A comparison of assessment methods for depression in mental retardation. 805 Sep 84

The effects of constant time delay, observational learning opportunities, and differential attentional cuing were examined during the small-group instruction of students in an integrated setting. Three students, one individual with moderate mental retardation and two individuals characterized as at-risk learners, participated in learning sight words through direct instruction and observational-learning conditions. A multiple probe design across three students was combined with a multitreatment design across treatment conditions to assess the impact of instructional variables. Reliability of scoring and procedural integrity were estimated and social validity of outcomes was considered. Findings support the salience of the constant time delay procedure in facilitating word acquisition in small, heterogeneous, and inclusive group learning arrangements. Further, a significant amount of learning through observation occurred for all students under both a general and specific attentional cue condition. A slight but discernible advantage of using the specific cuing strategy of transcribing target and nontarget words was realized.
J Autism Dev Disord 1995 Oct
PMID:Impact of time delay, observational learning, and attentional cuing upon word recognition during integrated small-group instruction. 856 96

We assessed depression, anxiety, and relevant cognitions in persons with mental retardation by administering modified versions of the Reynolds Child Depression Scale, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, and the Cognitions Checklist to 46 persons with borderline to moderate mental retardation. Consistent with research with other groups, self-reports of depression and anxiety were highly correlated (r = .74) in these individuals, and cognitions were strong predictors of negative affect. Subscales measuring cognitions related to depression and anxiety were also highly related, limiting the "cognitive-specificity" hypothesis. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses offered mixed support for cognitive-specificity. We discuss the implications of these findings for the cognitive and affective assessment of persons with intellectual limitations.
J Autism Dev Disord 2003 Feb
PMID:Depression, anxiety, and relevant cognitions in persons with mental retardation. 1270 81


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