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Query: UMLS:C0004352 (autism)
 32,579 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A comparative study of developmentally disturbed children as well as normal children is presented with a focus on their position in the family. Demographic data were compared for three groups of Japanese children, with a mean age of 4 years 7 months, who were diagnosed as autistic, cerebral palsied, and trisomic (trisomy 21 mongoloid). The areas compared were maternal age at birth, ratio of males to females, number of siblings, birth order, and age interval between the subject and the closest younger sibling. The normal kindergarten children with a mean age of 4 years 6 months, as well as the Japanese general population, were also compared for these demographic items. The findings on maternal age and sex ratio for these three nosological groups are consistent with recent studies. Although the reproduction of mothers of either cerebral palsied or mongoloid children ceases after the birth of the propositi, the reproduction of mothers of autistic children does not show significant difference from that of normal children's mothers. The age intervals between the subjects and the closest younger sibling do not differ among the three groups or in the normal group.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1975 Sep
PMID:Intrafamilial incidence of autism, cerebral palsy, and mongolism. 12 44

Mothers of autistic, Down's syndrome, and outpatient psychiatric clinic children completed a questionnaire about their attitudes toward the identified child and the effects of the child on themselves and their families. A canonical correlation between the 15 questionnaire scales and three groups revealed a general retardation/social dependency factor separating the mothers of the two retarded groups from the clinic sample. The autism group was differentiated from the Down's syndrome group by scales measuring severity of the child's handicap and family integration problems more than by scales measuring stress on the mother. The hypothesis that mothers of autistic children would report more problems than both other groups was supported; the hypothesis that mothers of Down's syndrome children would report more problems than mothers of outpatient clinic children was not.
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PMID:Mental retardation and stress on the parents: a contrast between Down's syndrome and childhood autism. 12 6

Comparison of the properties of blood platelets and serotonergic synaptosomes suggests that the human platelet can serve as an appropriate model for the transport, metabolism, and release of serotonin (5-HT) by CNS serotonergic neurons. The study of blood 5-HT levels and platelet 5-HT pharmacodynamics in patients with a variety of psychiatric and neurologic disorders has generated interesting leads into possible abnormalities of CNS 5-HT neurons in these patients. This article reviews the experimental evidence, which uses the human platelet model to investigate neurotransmitter-related abnormalities in Down syndrome, mental retardation, infantile autism, hyperactivity syndromes (minimal brain dysfunction), schizophrenia, affective disorders, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Parkinson disease, Huntington chorea, and migraine headaches.
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PMID:The human platelet. A diagnostic and research tool for the study of biogenic amines in psychiatric and neurologic disorders. 14 Jun 32

There is increasing recognition that autism is a syndrome, not a disease entity. But it is not yet clear why some children develop autistic behavior more easily than others. It has been noted that autistic symptoms occur more frequently in children with mental retardation, blindness, congenital rubella, phenylketonuria, etc., and that there are very few cases of classical infantile autism in the general population. Very rarely has autism been associated with Down's syndrome. This is a report of a case of Down's syndrome and infantile autism.
J Autism Dev Disord 1979 Mar
PMID:A case of infantile autism associated with Down's syndrome. 15 85

A total of 600 handicapped patients had dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia during an eight-year period. Handicaps included mental retardation, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, seizure disorders, autism, cystic fibrosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, and muscular dystrophy. No significant complications developed in the majority of patients. This is attributed to thorough preoperative evaluation, appropriate anesthetic management, and vigilant postoperative observation.
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PMID:Complications related to the administration of general anesthesia in 600 developmentally disabled dental patients. 15 47

Two case reports illustrate the therapeutic response of congenital nystagmus to a diet eliminating synthetic food colors, synthetic food flavors, the antioxidant preservatives butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and a small group of foods thought to contain a natural salicylate radical. A brief discussion of the hyperkinetic syndrome is offered with the proposal that a variety of neurologic and neuromuscular disturbances (grand mal, petit mal, psychomotor seizures; La Tourette syndrome; autism; retardation; the behevioral component of Down's syndrome; and oculomotor disturbances) may be induced by identical chemicals, depending upon the individual's genetic profile and the interaction with other environmental factors. It is perhaps the failure to integrate all the signs presented by the various clinical patterns with hyperkinesis or Minimal Brain Dysfunction (MBD) under a single heading that eye muscle involvement manifested as either nystagmus or strabismus has not been emphasized as part of the hyperkinetic syndrome.
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PMID:Dietary management of nystagmus. 46 22

Fathers have been largely neglected in previous research of families of autistic children. We compared fathers of 20 autistic, 20 Down syndrome, and 20 developmentally normal children on several measures of psychosocial adaptation. Groups were matched on child's adaptive behavior age equivalent, gender, birth order, family size, and SES. The three groups differed significantly on measures of intrapersonal and family functioning but not on social-ecological variables. Fathers of children with autism or Down syndrome reported more frequent use of wish-fulfilling fantasy and information seeking as coping strategies as well as more financial impact and disruption of family activities than did fathers of developmentally normal children. There were few significant differences between fathers of children with autism and those of children with Down syndrome. These results suggest that fathers adapt relatively well to the demands associated with raising a child with a developmental disability.
J Autism Dev Disord 1992 Jun
PMID:Psychosocial adaptation of fathers of children with autism, Down syndrome, and normal development. 138 91

Previous work demonstrated enlargement of the neocerebellar vermis in Williams' syndrome (WS), despite diminished volumes in the cerebral hemispheres. We present the first in vivo volumetric study of any structure within the cerebellar hemispheres. Using MRI, we identified and reliably measured the neocerebellar tonsils in WS subjects; Down's syndrome (DS) subjects matched for age, IQ, and cerebral volume; and age-matched normal controls. WS tonsils were equal in size to control tonsils and larger than DS tonsils. In proportion to the cerebrum, WS tonsils were larger than controls'. These results coincide with the remarkable neuropsychological preservation of language and affect in WS, despite general cognitive impairment. They contrast with the neocerebellar vermal hypoplasia seen in autism, with its communicative and affective deficits. Additionally, two WS subjects showed Chiari type I malformations, but the average tonsillar position in WS was not found to be different than in controls.
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PMID:Specific neurobehavioral profile of Williams' syndrome is associated with neocerebellar hemispheric preservation. 140 82

The total number of adults with Down's syndrome living in Leicestershire, ascertained by widespread enquiry, was found to be 378. Of these, 371 were matched with adults with mental handicap due to other pathologies, on the basis of age, sex, and type of residence. Those with Down's syndrome were found to have a different spectrum of mental disorders from those without the syndrome. In particular, Down's syndrome patients were more likely to have been diagnosed as having depression and dementia; the controls were more likely to have been diagnosed as suffering from conduct disorder, personality disorder, or schizophrenia/paranoid state. The same proportion of each group had been given a diagnosis of autism.
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PMID:Differential rates of psychiatric disorders in adults with Down's syndrome compared with other mentally handicapped adults. 833 Jan 25

Although autism is said to occur rarely with Down's syndrome, it may be more common in those persons with Down's syndrome who also show superimposed behavioural problems. In this brief report, the authors explore this possibility. They describe three patients with Down's syndrome who were referred for behavioural reasons and were found to have coexisting autism. They propose that a systematic study of the association of these two conditions may have implications on research and clinical practice.
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PMID:Autism in Down's syndrome: presentation and diagnosis. 145 2


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