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Query: UMLS:C0004352 (autism)
 32,579 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This report includes a statistical analysis of the results of a double blind comparative study between sultopride and thioproperazine. Two rating scales were used: the standard B.P.R.S. and a simplified scale including 7 items: agitation--delusion--thought-disorganization--anxiety--aggressivity--hallucinations--autism. The comparison of the mean of the global scores obtained with the two rating scales shows a significant difference in activity in favour of sultopride. The analysis of the individual items shows regular modifications in favour of sultopride but these are not statistically significant. There are, also, no differences in the side-effects observed, particularly extra-pyramidal effects.
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PMID:[Comparative study using double-blind method of sultopride and thioproperazine]. 1 30

A combined informant questionnaire and interview survey of self-injurious behavior (SIB) at a large state facility for the retarded was conducted independently three times over a 3-year period. Prevalence consistently was about 10% of the population. SIB cases tended to be younger and institutionalized longer than the rest of the population. Severe cases had a longer history of chronic SIB. SIB cases had more seizure disorders, severe language handicaps, visual impairments, and severe or profound retardation than the rest of the population. They appeared to fulfill most of the Rutter (1966) criteria for autism. But unlike the severely autistic, there was little relation of sex to incidence of SIB. Over 90% of SIB cases changed status over 3 years, suggesting that SIB was amenable to behavior modification in most cases (94%). Psychotropic behavior control medications helped in some intervention programs (32%). SIB remitted spontaneously in 21% of SIB cases where there had been no behavioral or drug intervention.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1978 Sep
PMID:Prevalence of self-injurious behaviors in a large state facility for the retarded: a three-year follow-up study. 2 30

Controlled investigations on the psychopharmacological treatment of psychotic children are reviewed. Children with infantile autism might benefit from psychopharmacological medication when they grow older, e.g. above the age of 7 years. Learning might be facilitated when the psychoactive medication is able to inhibit psychotic preoccupations and idiosyncratic reactions. Schizophrenic and manic-depressive psychoses are rarely seen in childhood. A subgroup of the children with infantile autism might develop schizophrenic symptoms. Schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis in children are treated as in adults. Special caution must be paid to the toxic effects of imipramine.
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PMID:Psychopharmacological treatment of psychotic children. A survey. 3 38


J Autism Dev Disord 1979 Mar
PMID:The burn-out syndrome. 3 11

Fifty infants and young preschool children seen in a pediatric developmental service and diagnosed as having "autism" all had evidence of organic disease of the brain and three fourths had mental deficiency of varying degrees. They did not differ in any respect from a comparison group of patients with central nervous system dysfunction unassociated with the symptom complex of autism. Both groups of patients had a high incidence of low birthweight, complications of pregnancy and the neonatal period, seizure disorders, and a variety of specific disease entities associated with developmental defects. Follow-up of 40 of the 45 survivors for a mean of five years showed that none of the patients had had treatment directed to their psychotic symptoms. However, three fourths had established social responses appropriate to their level of function; those who did not generally were over 3 years of age at the time of their first examination or had initial DQs of 35 or less. The degree of mental deficiency was as great or greater at follow-up than it was initially.
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PMID:Some etiologic and prognostic factors in early infantile autism and psychosis. 4 57

A prospective study was made of 200 consecutive children to evaluate the usefulness in the diagnosis of infantile autism of the behavioral scale reported by Clancy and coworkers in 1969. On this scale seven or more of 14 behavioral manifestations must be present before a diagnosis of autism can be made. Using this scale alone, 48 of the 200 children studied were "scale positive", i.e. could be considered autistic. However, further study of this group showed that only one child fulfilled the classical criteria of Kanner (1943) for a diagnosis of early infantile autism. Scale "positivity" was found to correlate with mental retardation and to be associated with other developmental defects, especially learning disorders and hearing loss.
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PMID:Infantile autism. I: A prospective study of the diagnosis. 4 4

The possible mechanisms that underlie symptom formation in childhood schizophrenia are discussed. A body of research evidence has been reviewed in which dissociation in relation to information processing was examined for its possible consequence in the formation and expression of symptomatology. Schizophrenic children have been found to exhibit dissociation of integrative processes among the sense systems at a level which is several years below normal expectation, and they usually fail to improve as age increases. The clinical manifestations of schizophrenia are considered to be the consequence of the conflict, distortion, and deprivation that derive from failure in information processing. These consequences can best be understood within a developmental framework which encompasses the different age-stages of function. This approach to the understanding of symptom formation is discussed in relationship to other evidence which suggests that primary neurological abnormality is present in schizophrenic children. Thus the identification of abnormality of intersensory integrative function may increase our understanding of etiology as well as of the mechanisms of symptom formation in schizophrenic children.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1975 Mar
PMID:Symptom formation as an expression of disordered information processing in schizophrenic children. 4 49

A method is described for recording a child's performance with a computer-controlled audio-visual device designed to stimulate language behavior in nonspeaking children. From the recorded data a child's position can be estimated on a curve derived from normal children. This position could be of value in planning treatment for a nonspeaking child and assessing his progress.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1975 Jun
PMID:An objective measurement of nonspeaking children's performance with a computer-controlled program for the stimulation of language behavior. 5 Oct 18

The examination of 32 children with Kanner's syndrome of early infantile autism permits to assume that this syndrome in some of the cases is expressed only by inborn anomalies which correspond to constitutional psychopathy in adults. In most of the cases this syndrome forms the initial expression of child schizophrenia. In separate cases disorders very similar to Kanner's syndrome may be seen after the first olliterated attack during early childhood (up to 3 years). A comparative study of the same indices of development of 268 children with an early onset of schizophrenic process in spite of some differences confirms that Kanner's syndrome is very close to childhood schizophrenia. An analysis of genealogical data shows genetical relations of Kanner's syndrome with child schizophrenia.
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PMID:[Kanner's syndrome and childhood schizophrenia]. 5 49

The diagnosis of autism or autistic traits always necessitates exclusion of a primary or secondary speech or hearing disorder. The following findings are based on experience gained from 12 children with the diagnosis of early infantile autism. If an acoustic or speaking disorder is caused by brain damage, it will increasingly dominate the total symptomatology as the child matures. The more intensively the organic factor influences the picture, the more frequently a primary acoustic or speech disorder is found. This was observed in 6 cases, which can be diagnosed an "pseudo autistic". From the phoniatric and audiological view the type of autism syndrome as described by Kanner has so far not been confirmed.
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PMID:[Phoinatric and audiological aspects of autism (author's transl)]. 5 50


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