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Query: UMLS:C0004352 (autism)
 32,579 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common comorbidities in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Parents often attribute these GI symptoms to food allergy (FA), although an evaluation for IgE-mediated FA is often unrevealing. Our previous studies indicated a high prevalence of non-IgE-mediated FA in young children with ASDs. Therefore, non-IgE-mediated FA may account for some but not all GI symptoms observed in children with ASDs. This raises the question of what treatment measures are applicable to ASD children with GI symptoms. A wide variety of dietary supplements and dietary intervention measures for ASD children have been promoted by medical professionals practicing complementary and alternative medicine despite the lack of rigorous scientific validation in most instances. This review summarizes possible (or proposed) etiologies of GI symptoms in ASD children and discusses risks and possible benefits of intervention measures promoted by complementary and alternative practitioners, with emphasis on FA.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2009 May
PMID:Food allergy and autism spectrum disorders: is there a link? 1934 19

New evidence suggests that children with chronic conditions may be predisposed to overweight and obesity. This study provides prevalence estimate of obesity for children and adolescents with select chronic conditions. We analyzed reported height and weight and the corresponding BMI from 46,707 subjects aged 10-17 years collected by the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH-2003). Our main outcome measure was the prevalence of obesity (defined as >/=95th percentile of the sex-specific BMI for age growth charts), adjusted for underlying demographic and socioeconomic factors. We found that the prevalence of obesity among children 10-17 years of age without a chronic condition was 12.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 11.5-13.0); the prevalence of obesity for children with asthma was 19.7% (19.5-19.9); with a hearing/vision condition was 18.4% (18.2-18.5); with learning disability was 19.3% (19.2-19.4); with autism was 23.4% (23.2-23.6); and with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was 18.9% (18.7-19.0). Our findings suggest that children 10-17 years of age with select chronic conditions were at increased risk for obesity compared to their counterparts without a chronic condition.
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PMID:Prevalence of obesity among children with chronic conditions. 1952 50

Children and adults may experience neuropsychiatric disorders during glucocorticoid treatment, most of which are reversible upon drug withdrawal. Whereas the occurrence of these disorders is well documented in teenagers, only a few cases have been reported in children under 3 years of age. We report on severe neuropsychiatric disorders that occurred in a 27-month-old child during glucocorticoid treatment for asthma that did not regress when treatment was stopped. The psychiatric symptoms suggested autism and were associated with deterioration of the child-mother relationship. This led the medical staff to initiate a dual therapy (conducted by a psychiatrist and a speech therapist) focused on the restoration of the maternal bond. A dramatic improvement in both the child's and the mother's behavior was observed within a few months. Severe psychiatric disorders induced by glucocorticoids can occur in young children and be worsened by environmental factors. The quality of the child-parent relationship should be kept in mind during the management of drug-induced psychiatric disorders.
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PMID:[Severe neuropsychiatric disorders in an asthmatic infant who received repeated glucocorticoid treatment: the importance of associated factors]. 1957 41

Tens of thousands of subjects may be required to obtain reliable evidence relating disease characteristics to the weak effects typically reported from common genetic variants. The costs of assembling, phenotyping, and studying these large populations are substantial, recently estimated at three billion dollars for 500,000 individuals. They are also decade-long efforts. We hypothesized that automation and analytic tools can repurpose the informational byproducts of routine clinical care, bringing sample acquisition and phenotyping to the same high-throughput pace and commodity price-point as is currently true of genome-wide genotyping. Described here is a demonstration of the capability to acquire samples and data from densely phenotyped and genotyped individuals in the tens of thousands for common diseases (e.g., in a 1-yr period: N = 15,798 for rheumatoid arthritis; N = 42,238 for asthma; N = 34,535 for major depressive disorder) in one academic health center at an order of magnitude lower cost. Even for rare diseases caused by rare, highly penetrant mutations such as Huntington disease (N = 102) and autism (N = 756), these capabilities are also of interest.
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PMID:Instrumenting the health care enterprise for discovery research in the genomic era. 1960 38

Cis-acting regulatory sequences are required for the proper temporal and spatial control of gene expression. Variation in gene expression is highly heritable and a significant determinant of human disease susceptibility. The diversity of human genetic diseases attributed, in whole or in part, to mutations in non-coding regulatory sequences is on the rise. Improvements in genome-wide methods of associating genetic variation with human disease and predicting DNA with cis-regulatory potential are two of the major reasons for these recent advances. This review will highlight select examples from the literature that have successfully integrated genetic and genomic approaches to uncover the molecular basis by which cis-regulatory mutations alter gene expression and contribute to human disease. The fine mapping of disease-causing variants has led to the discovery of novel cis-acting regulatory elements that, in some instances, are located as far away as 1.5 Mb from the target gene. In other cases, the prior knowledge of the regulatory landscape surrounding the gene of interest aided in the selection of enhancers for mutation screening. The success of these studies should provide a framework for following up on the large number of genome-wide association studies that have identified common variants in non-coding regions of the genome that associate with increased risk of human diseases including, diabetes, autism, Crohn's, colorectal cancer, and asthma, to name a few.
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PMID:Cis-regulatory mutations in human disease. 1964 Oct 89

Autism and autism spectrum disorders are enigmatic conditions that have their origins in the interaction of genes and environmental factors. In this hypothesis, genes statistically associated with autism are emphasized to be important in inflammation and in innate immune pathways, including pathways for susceptibility to asthma. The role of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in an increased risk for asthma is described and a possible similar link to an increased risk for autism is suggested.
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PMID:Similarities in features of autism and asthma and a possible link to acetaminophen use. 1974 89

Potential contributions of environmental chemicals and conditions to the etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders are the subject of considerable current research and speculation. The present paper describes the results of a study undertaken as part of a larger project devoted to the connection between properties of the indoor environment and asthma and allergy in young Swedish children. The larger project, The Dampness in Buildings and Health (DBH) Study, began in the year 2000 with a questionnaire distributed to parents of all children 1-6 years of age in one Swedish county (DBH-I). A second, follow-up questionnaire (DBH-III) was distributed in 2005. The original survey collected information about the child, the family situation, practices such as smoking, allergic symptoms, type of residence, moisture-related problems, and type of flooring material, which included polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The 2005 survey, based on the same children, now 6-8 years of age, also asked if, during the intervening period, the child had been diagnosed with Autism, Asperger's syndrome, or Tourette's syndrome. From a total of 4779 eligible children, 72 (60 boys, 12 girls) were identified with parentally reported autism spectrum disorder. A random sample of 10 such families confirmed that the diagnoses had been made by medical professionals, in accordance with the Swedish system for monitoring children's health. An analysis of the associations between indoor environmental variables in 2000 as well as other background factors and the ASD diagnosis indicated five statistically significant variables: (1) maternal smoking; (2) male sex; (3) economic problems in the family; (4) condensation on windows, a proxy for low ventilation rate in the home; (5) PVC flooring, especially in the parents' bedroom. In addition, airway symptoms of wheezing and physician-diagnosed asthma in the baseline investigation (2000) were associated with ASD 5 years later. Results from the second phase of the DBH-study (DBH-II) indicate PVC flooring to be one important source of airborne phthalates indoors, and that asthma and allergy prevalence are associated with phthalate concentrations in settled dust in the children's bedroom. Because these associations are among the few linking ASD with environmental variables, they warrant further and more extensive exploration.
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PMID:Associations between indoor environmental factors and parental-reported autistic spectrum disorders in children 6-8 years of age. 1982 63

Our aim was to examine the characteristics of EEG findings and epilepsy in autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and the associated clinical and familial risk factors. Fifty-seven children (86% male) with ASD, mean age 82+/-36.2 months, were included in the study. Thirty-nine (68.4%) children had the diagnosis of autism, 15 (26.3%) had Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, and 3 (5.3%) had high-functioning autism. One hour of sleep and/or awake EEG recordings was obtained for each child. All patients were evaluated with respect to clinical and familial characteristics and with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, the Autism Behavior Checklist, and the Aberrant Behavior Checklist. The frequency of interictal epileptiform EEG abnormalities (IIEAs) was 24.6% (n=14), and the frequency of epilepsy was 14.2% (n=8). IIEAs were associated with a diagnosis of epilepsy (P=0.0001), Childhood Autism Rating Scale Activity scores (P=0.047), and a history of asthma and allergy (P=0.044). Epilepsy was associated with a family history of epilepsy (P=0.049) and psychiatric problems in the mother during pregnancy (P=0.0026). Future studies with larger samples will help to clarify the possible associations of epilepsy/IIEAs with asthma/allergy, hyperactivity, and familial factors in ASD.
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PMID:EEG abnormalities and epilepsy in autistic spectrum disorders: clinical and familial correlates. 2004 70

IgE-mediated allergic diseases (e.g., allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, atopic asthma and food allergy) are prevalent (up to 30%) in the general population and are increasing in developed countries. In infants and young children, non-IgE-mediated food allergy is also prevalent. In addition to easily recognized organ-specific symptoms, allergic diseases can cause neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as irritability and hyperactivity, in otherwise healthy individuals. This is also likely to occur in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Moreover, the discomfort and pain associated with allergic diseases could aggravate behavioral symptoms in ASD children. Allergic conditions are easily treatable; however, ASD children may be underdiagnosed and/or undertreated for allergic and other common childhood diseases, in part due to their impaired communication skills. Practicing physicians should be aware of the potential impact of allergic diseases on behavioral symptoms and cognitive activity in ASD children. However, they also need to be aware that certain symptoms often attributed to 'allergy' by caregivers may not be immune mediated and should understand that behavioral symptoms can also be affected by many non-IgE-mediated causes.
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PMID:Autism spectrum disorders and allergy: observation from a pediatric allergy/immunology clinic. 2044 26

Sleeping disorders are frequently encountered in infants and adolescents. They often induce a distress in the family, an individual sadness possibly leaving at time to maltreatment. In the normal infant or the medically fragile infant due to prematurity or an acute episode, complaints from the patient or family sources force the medical team to find an explanation or a treatment, which are not always adequate. In other conditions such as asthma, obesity, anorexia nervosa, autism, cerebral palsy, hyperactivity, the sleeping disorders may be so unnoticed or remain insufficiently investigated. Globally, in this domain, the clinical description is often imprecise and sleep studies underused. A more accurate assessment should lead to a better educative approach and more appropriate therapy.
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PMID:[Inertia or overtreatment in children. When sleeping time is disturbed in infants: how to improve the family's distress]. 2068 23


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