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Query: UMLS:C0004352 (autism)
 32,579 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In children a "normal" aggressiveness should be distinguished from "hostile" and "inhibited" aggression; the latter usually become apparent as heteroaggressive or autoaggressive behaviour. Autoaggression is more common with younger children. Different hypotheses about the origin of aggressiveness are discussed. In the younger child nail biting, trichotillomania, rocking, an intensified phase of contrariness and enkopresis may have components of aggressiveness. In older children and adolescents dissocial forms of development, drug taking, attempted suicid, and anorexia nervosa may be parts of aggressive behaviour. Minimal brain dysfunction, autism, and postencephalitic syndromes predominate amongst organic alterations of the brain as causes for aggressive behaviour. Particularly the Lesch-Nyhan-syndrome, but equally the Cornelia de Lange-syndrome show autoaggressive tendencies.
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PMID:[The aggressive child (author's transl)]. 35 72

Recent twin and family studies have demonstrated a genetic factor in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, some cases of infantile autism, enuresis, specific reading disability, sleepwalking, night terrors, common fears and anxiety. Family studies have been used to elucidate the nosological relationship of psychiatric disorders; e.g. anorexia nervosa (to affective disorder), Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, and sleeptalking. Advances in biochemical genetics and in enzyme polymorphisms suggest that there are wide individual variations in the adverse effects of drugs and that dosage should be tailored to the individual patient. Recently molecular genetic methods have been introduced to psychiatry, but a major breakthrough in this field appears to be still years away.
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PMID:Contributions of genetic studies to clinical psychiatry. 181 77

An example of self-administered gastric tube nutrition in a boy aged 15 years with infantile autism is presented. The boy would neither eat nor drink in the normal manner since the age of eight years and has gradually administered tube-feeding himself. This patient does not fulfill the international criteria for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. A possible etiological factor and the education/psychological attitudes to the compulsive symptom are discussed.
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PMID:[Self-administered gastric tube nutrition in a child with infantile autism]. 194 23

Two cases of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in adolescence are presented and the literature on the use of ECT in childhood and adolescence is reviewed. ECT was effective in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder and depression. Inadequate information exists to make a judgment regarding schizophrenia, delirium, and anorexia nervosa. ECT is not effective in autism and chronic organic brain syndromes. Complications cited include organicity and seizures in the period immediately after ECT, anxiety reactions, and disinhibition. Long-term memory deficit or cognitive impairment has not been found, although further research to rule out residual impairment is needed.
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PMID:A review of ECT for children and adolescents. 222 48

The prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) antibodies has been investigated in 123 child psychiatric patients and 86 normal children. HSV antibodies were measured by ELISA technique. The prevalence of HSV antibodies in different diagnostic groups (conduct disorder, emotional disorder, hyperkinetic syndrome, anorexia nervosa, infantile autism and borderline schizophrenia in childhood) was compared with age-matched normal children, but no significant differences were found.
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PMID:Herpes simplex virus (HSV) antibodies in child psychiatric patients and normal children. 628 9

This is a report on recent developments in pediatric psychopharmacology: new drugs and new applications for established drugs. The drugs reviewed include imipramine, amitryptiline, lithium, piracetam, propranolol, tryptophan, clonidine, pyridoxine and fenfluramine. Putative indications include prepubertal depression, school phobia, anorexia nervosa, explosive-aggressive behavior, learning disabilities, attention deficit disorder (hyperactivity), Tourette's syndrome, autism, and the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Some of the information presented in this report must be regarded as "preliminary," and caution is advised in its interpretation and application.
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PMID:New developments in pediatric psychopharmacology. 635 89

Because of the increase in public school programs for severely handicapped children, teachers are more likely than ever to be confronted with serious medical or psychological problems like anorexia nervosa. In this case study, desensitization successfully treated the eating disorder of a preadolescent autistic girl. However, the case also accentuated the problems teachers face in making appropriate decisions due to conflicting literature findings, traditional role responsibilities, and lack of expert resources and supportive services in the public school settings. If programs are to meet the needs of these children in the future, service and resource models for the public school settings must be developed.
J Autism Dev Disord 1980 Mar
PMID:Treatment of atypical anorexia nervosa in the public school: an autistic girl. 692 80

Fifty-one adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa (AN) cases recruited after community screening were compared with 51 age-, sex-, and school-matched cases with regard to personality disorders and autism-spectrum disorders (ASD)/empathy disorders at age 21 years. All 102 cases had originally been examined at a mean age of 16 years, slightly over a year after the reported onset of the eating disorder. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID) interviews were performed by a psychiatrist blind to the original eating disorder diagnosis. Most of the former AN cases were recovered with respect to weight, but the outcome in social areas was restricted. Personality disorders coded on axis II in the DSM-III-R and empathy disorders were much more common in the AN group than in the comparison (COMP) group. Obsessive-compulsive (OCD) and avoidant personality disorders were particularly common. Obsessive-compulsive behaviors showed a high degree of stability over time and were unrelated to weight problems. Together with empathy disorder, they tended to predict outcome better than the eating disorder as such. It is concluded that in some cases, AN may be seen to reflect but one axis I diagnosis occurring in the life of an individual with a chronic personality disorder.
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PMID:Anorexia nervosa 6 years after onset: Part I. Personality disorders. 770 90

Research findings on continuities and discontinuities in psychopathology between childhood and adult life are reviewed with respect to major depressive disorders, anxiety states, obsessional conditions, anorexia nervosa, conduct disorders, hyperkinetic disorders, autism, specific developmental disorders of language and schizophrenia. The findings are used to consider both the conceptual issues and possible mediating mechanisms.
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PMID:Relationships between mental disorders in childhood and adulthood. 777 74

A community-based sample of adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa (AN) cases (n = 51) was contrasted with an age-, sex-, and school-matched comparison group [comp] (n = 51) on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) at a mean age of 21 years. There were no study dropouts. Fewer than 10% of AN cases were underweight at the time of testing. Overall, there were few differences across the two groups, even though the COMP group performed significantly better on the object assembly subtest. A small subgroup of AN cases showed autism-spectrum disorders. This subgroup tended toward test profiles similar to those observed in autism and Asperger syndrome. These findings are discussed in relation to the clinical need for subgrouping of AN cases with a view to improving treatment programs/interviews.
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PMID:The cognitive profile of anorexia nervosa: a comparative study including a community-based sample. 877 May 22


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