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Query: UMLS:C0004352 (autism)
 32,579 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Buspirone is a novel antianxiety agent with no chemical similarity to other psychotropic medications. Pharmacological effects include inhibition of serotonin neurons, decrease of striatal levels of serotonin and metabolites, and reduction in serotonin binding sites. Buspirone also has effects on dopamine, norepinephrine, and the GABA systems. To pursue an antiserotonergic treatment rationale for autistic disorder, an open-blind 4-week trial comparing buspirone to fenfluramine or methylphenidate was conducted. Hyperactivity was a target symptom in three children with improvement noted in two with buspirone. Behavioral toxicity was encountered in one of two autistic subjects treated with methylphenidate and very mild improvement in another subject on fenfluramine. An autistic child with obsessive ideation was unchanged. No adverse reaction to buspirone was encountered. Further investigation in a double-blind trial of buspirone is warranted for treatment of symptoms of autism, especially aggression and hyperactivity.
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PMID:Clinical effect of buspirone in autistic children. 272 29

Herpes simplex viral encephalitis is a fairly common nonepidemic encephalitis which produces severe neurological sequelae in survivors. Most viral infections of the central nervous system produce diffuse damage, but the herpes simplex virus demonstrates a predilection for localization in the temporal and orbitofrontal regions of the brain. This case study illustrates the highly significant language difficulties, marked memory deficits, and propensity for physical aggression following temporal lobe damage brought about by herpes encephalitis, and presents the usefulness of a new diagnostic measure in delineating such a variable cognitive pattern.
J Autism Dev Disord 1989 Jun
PMID:A case study of the cognitive and behavioral deficits of temporal lobe damage in herpes simplex encephalitis. 274 95

Administration of diazepam (10 mg i.m.) to seven children (two girls and five boys) affected by infantile autism elicited paradoxical behavioural responses. Mainly, anxiogenic effect, unsocialized aggressive behaviour and explosive aggression were dramatically increased in comparison with the same symptoms present before and after treatment. The results show for the first time that benzodiazepines may elicit paradoxical behavioural response in autistic children. The possible involvement of an altered function at the level of GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex is discussed.
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PMID:Paradoxical reactions elicited by diazepam in children with classic autism. 282 8

Eight consecutive cases of adults with the diagnosis of early infantile autism and who were treated with a betablocker are presented. Each had been on various and multiple drug, educational, and behavioral regimens to help control aggressive and self-abusive behavior. Most had been institutionalized from an early age, and a broad range of IQs and speech capacities are represented. Results show the betablockers to have a remarkable effect potentiating measurable diminution in previously intractable aggressive behavior and in many cases the decrease or withdrawal of their neuroleptic.
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PMID:Autism: the treatment of aggressive behaviors. 288 Aug 74

This is a report on recent developments in pediatric psychopharmacology: new drugs and new applications for established drugs. The drugs reviewed include imipramine, amitryptiline, lithium, piracetam, propranolol, tryptophan, clonidine, pyridoxine and fenfluramine. Putative indications include prepubertal depression, school phobia, anorexia nervosa, explosive-aggressive behavior, learning disabilities, attention deficit disorder (hyperactivity), Tourette's syndrome, autism, and the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Some of the information presented in this report must be regarded as "preliminary," and caution is advised in its interpretation and application.
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PMID:New developments in pediatric psychopharmacology. 635 89

The composition of hyperactivity as a syndrome is discussed from a historical perspective, and the principal events leading to the recent emphasis on attentional characteristics of hyperactive children are summarized. Some of the major challenges to the legitimacy of hyperactivity as a valid syndrome are set forth, and after critical examination of the most influential work, it is concluded that hyperactivity has not been disproved. This is followed by a survey of the large follow-up literature dealing with the natural history of children diagnosed as hyperactive. It is noted that the manifestations of the syndrome appear to change with age but there is little indication that problems simply remit with maturity. The evidence indicates that hyperactivity, as diagnosed in the past, is often a serious disorder with long-term and far-reaching consequences for the children and their families. Multivariate studies are also discussed, as they have important implications for differential outcome. Different symptoms such as aggression, overactivity, and learning disability appear to contain unique information about current and future status, and therefore it appears useful to retain these distinctions rather than view such children as part of an undifferentiated group. It is unknown whether the recent guidelines for diagnosing Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity will alter or refine the outlook for children so identified, but this is an active area of research at present.
J Autism Dev Disord 1984 Mar
PMID:Hyperactivity: nature of the syndrome and its natural history. 636 21

Investigated validity implications of the Jesness Inventory for institutionalized male adolescent delinquents. This population showed deviant mean T scores on this inventory's Asocial Index (69.5) and on its Social Maladjustment (65.2) subscale. Scores on 4 of the 10 subscales, Social Maladjustment, Value Orientation, Autism, and Manifest Aggression, correlated positively (p less than .0001) with both frequency of prior arrests and number of previous institutionalizations. This pattern of significant relationship is consistent with research reported in other studies and it was concluded that the present results provide additional support for the research and diagnostic uses of this instrument in assessing adolescent social maladjustment.
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PMID:Delinquency and Jesness Inventory Scores. 666 38

Postencephalitic behavioral syndrome secondary to measles is an almost extinct condition in Western culture. The present paper describes the clinical state of a 13-year-old pubertal female who presented nine years after the original acute febrile illness. In addition, an innovative behavioral approach to treatment of intractable seizures and aggressive behavior is described.
J Autism Dev Disord 1983 Mar
PMID:An interdisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of a complex case of postencephalitic behavioral disorder. 685 36

This N of 1 study utilizes a withdrawal design with aggressive responses of a 27-year-old male exhibiting autistic behavior. The frequency of physical and verbal aggressive responses was decreased by reinforcing attempts to relax (utilizing EMG biofeedback) when discriminative stimuli for aggressive behavior were present.
J Autism Dev Disord 1980 Jun
PMID:Treatment of aggressive behavior: the effect of EMG response discrimination biofeedback training. 692 87

Aggression and self injurious behaviors are associated with some clients with autism and other forms of pervasive developmental disorder. These behaviors are not well understood, and treatment interventions are often ineffective. This article describes these behaviors in terms of the underlying deficits of autism, suggesting that interventions may be more effective if targeted at the underlying causes of the actions. The article presents behaviors and underlying causes within an "iceberg" conceptualization with visible behaviors depicted as occurring "above the water line" and hypothesized causes hidden "below the water line" of the iceberg. Examples of clinical cases are presented to illustrate the usefulness of the conceptualization.
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PMID:Aggression and self-injurious behaviors in persons with autism--the TEACCH (Treatment and Education of Autistic and related Communications Handicapped Children) approach. 813 16


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