Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As part of a study to determine the effect of 150 mg zinc/day on plasma lipoproteins, healthy young female (n = 26; mean age 27 years) and male (n = 21; mean age 28 years) volunteers took part in a double-blind cross-over trial lasting 12 weeks. During 6 weeks of supplementation, plasma Zn rose significantly in both groups, indicating compliance. Plasma total cholesterol remained unchanged in both males and females. However, mean LDL-cholesterol decreased from 2.38 to 2.17 mmol/l in females and there was a trend for total HDL-cholesterol to be redistributed in that HDL2 rose and HDL3 fell slightly. In parallel with these changes in females, Zn supplements reduced the ferroxidase activity of serum caeruloplasmin (from 13.0 to 11.3 U/ml) and the antioxidant activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (E-SOD) (from 4557 to 3638 U/g Hb) and CuZn E-SOD (from 2184 to 1672 U/g Hb). Plasma Cu and haematocrit were unaffected. No such changes were seen in males in either lipoproteins or these indicators of Cu status. Since the females were lighter than the males but received the same dose, a dose-response effect rather than a sex difference cannot be ruled out. Overall, Zn supplements significantly decrease a major risk factor for CHD in females but reduced their Cu status.
Atherosclerosis 1988 Apr
PMID:The effect of zinc supplements on lipoproteins and copper status. 336 92

Effects of prolonged stress on lipid metabolism factors were studied for 9 weeks using four groups of young New Zealand rabbits. Two groups (A,B) were rendered atherosclerotic by administering 1% (w/w) cholesterol. One group (C) was subjected to cold stress together with one of the atherosclerotic groups (B); one group was used as control (N). At the end of treatment serum total cholesterol and total lipids of A and B increased significantly, while in stress group (C) a significant decrease was observed. HDL-C levels were reduced in all experimental groups. Triglycerides did not change in A, while they were reduced in both stress groups (C,B). Serum lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity levels of B and C were decreased. Lipoprotein electrophoresis patterns showed a significant redistribution of percentage values in all experimental groups: %LDL-C increased and %VLDL-C decreased in all groups, %HDL-C declined in A and B and did not change in C. The combination of stress and atherosclerosis in rabbits elicits far greater alterations in lipid and lipoprotein profiles than stress or atherosclerosis alone. A stress and atherosclerotic diet combination may be a hazardous one in relation to CHD and atherosclerosis.
 ...
PMID:Effects of cold stress on serum lipids, lipoproteins, and the activity of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase in rabbits. 337 4

This study evaluates the influence of sex on platelet fatty acid (FA) composition, and whether sex differences are conditioned by age. Since plasma FA have a specific relationship with platelet FA their variations with age and sex are also considered. Forty-nine male-female human couples (16-75 years), where within each couple the partners were on qualitatively similar diets and of similar age, were studied. Few differences were found between the whole groups of men and women in platelet FA. A comparison of data on FA in platelet phospholipids (PL) from 3 age groups (16-40, 40-60 and over 60) showed an increase in saturated FA of middle-aged subjects, an age-dependent decrease in 20: 5 in both sexes and of 18: 2 mainly in women. The percentage of plasma phosphatidylserine plus phosphatidylinositol decreased in middle-aged subjects. With regard to the influence of FA of plasma PL on FA of platelet PL, we found a higher correlation coefficient (r) for 16:0 and 18:0 and 20:4 and a lower one for 20:5 in middle-aged men and post-menopausal women. Considering that an increase in saturated FA and 20:4 and a decrease in 20:5 in platelet PL may increase platelet function, the plasma FA influence on platelets may help to explain the higher incidence of CHD in those groups of subjects.
Atherosclerosis 1988 Jun
PMID:Composition of platelet fatty acids and their modulation by plasma fatty acids in humans: effect of age and sex. 340 Dec 92

Two-dimensional echocardiography was used to study the state of the proximal part of the left coronary artery (LCA) in 106 males: 39 patients after anterior myocardial infarction, 28--after posteroinferior myocardial infarction, 11 patients with angina pectoris without infarction, and 28 healthy persons. The comparison of the results of coronary radiography and echocardiography in 21 patients showed that the sensitivity and specificity of echocardiography in the diagnosis of stenosis of the left main coronary artery was 80 and 100%, respectively. Methods of assessment of echographic density of the LCA walls on the basis of comparison of their density with echographic density of the walls of the aorta and aortic valve showed that in the CHD patients LCA wall density was increased as compared to that of the healthy persons, and in the patients after anterio myocardial infarction it was increased as compared to that of the healthy persons and other CHD patients. The method permitted the detection of an increase in LCA wall echographic density which was typical of arterial atherosclerosis, and the assessment of a degree of arterial wall atherosclerotic density.
 ...
PMID:[The left coronary artery in ischemic heart disease patients (data from 2-dimensional echocardiography)]. 342 88

This report demonstrates the utilization of a new serum factor, Toxicity Preventing Activity (TxPA) in the diagnosis of coronary disease prone individuals. Our laboratory has recently identified TxPA, which offsets the toxicity of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) upon arterial cells in vitro. In the present study, we measured TxPA activity and serum lipoprotein levels in 73 individuals undergoing coronary angiography. Serum from control subjects demonstrated 270% more TxPA than aged matched individuals with angiographically demonstrable coronary disease (CHD). When TxPA was combined with serum lipoprotein values, a new atherogenic index was generated which further distinguished these individuals with CHD from non-angiographed controls. These results demonstrate that TxPA is a new protective factor in coronary artery disease, and that the new atherogenic index provides for the first time an accurate classification of individuals with coronary artery disease.
Atherosclerosis 1987 Jul
PMID:Coronary disease prediction using a new atherogenic index. 347 33

Over 50 epidemiologic, clinical, and experimental studies of behavioral influences on atherosclerosis and CHD have been reviewed; of these investigations, no more than five were published prior to 1975. Despite some inconsistencies and occasional conceptual and methodologic problems in the studies comprising this relatively young literature, the preponderance of available evidence indicates that psychosocial variables play a significant role in coronary disease. To summarize briefly, the Type A behavior pattern has been found predictive of new CHD in nearly all prospective studies of initially healthy individuals, and therapeutic modification of Type A has been shown to reduce risk of recurrent nonfatal MI. Among most prospective studies of post-MI patients and of persons at heightened risk for CHD due to elevations in traditional risk factors, however, Type A has not been found to predict, respectively, recurrence of MI or initial clinical events. Additionally, Type A individuals have shown more extensive coronary artery atherosclerosis on angiographic examination than Type Bs in a minority of studies, and, generally, only where Type A behavior has been measured by the SI. It is noted that many of these clinical studies may be faulted, though, for their use of small and heterogeneous patient samples and for possible biases in the selection and recruitment of subjects. In contrast to the globally defined Type A pattern, a high potential for hostility and an inability or unwillingness to express anger (anger-in) have emerged as significant predictors or correlates of coronary disease in all epidemiologic and clinical studies in which these variables have been examined. These consistent results suggest that a predisposition to hostility and anger, and the inhibited expression of such feelings, represent a "toxic" component of the Type A pattern. Several recent prospective investigations indicate also that high levels of life stress and possession of poor or inadequate social resources are predictive of CHD. The concepts of life stress, social network, and social support, as well as relationships among these variables, are not well-understood, however, and much additional work is needed to identify specific pathogenic and protective attributes of the social environment. In addition to studies of the psychosocial antecedents of CHD in human beings, there now are several published studies of behavioral influences on the development of coronary lesions in animal models.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Behavioral antecedents of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. 351 Jun 15

Serum concentrations of lipoproteins, apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), androgens, including biologically active free testosterone (free T), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and their associations were studied in 3 groups of men of different physical fitness and risk of CHD, consisting of male CHD patients, joggers and healthy controls. Of the 3 study groups, men with angiographically assessed CHD had the lowest HDL-C (P less than 0.002) and highest LDL-C and triglyceride (TG) levels (P = 0.05 and P less than 0.001) and lower 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT) levels than joggers (P less than 0.02). Joggers had the highest serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Apo A-I and SHBG levels and lowest serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) compared to the other groups (P less than 0.01). In correlation analysis 5 alpha-DHT was the most significant positive determinant of HDL-C and Apo A-I levels in CHD patients (r = 0.56 and r = 0.55, respectively, P less than 0.05). Moreover, SHBG was significantly positively correlated to both HDL-C and Apo A-I levels in patients, in the whole study group and in healthy men separately (r = 0.37-0.52, P less than 0.01). These significant correlations were also confirmed when age variation and differences in body mass index and smoking were controlled in multivariate analysis and in addition, in multivariate analysis both serum free and total testosterone were inversely related to serum triglyceride (TG) levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Atherosclerosis 1987 Oct
PMID:Serum lipoproteins, sex hormones and sex hormone binding globulin in middle-aged men of different physical fitness and risk of coronary heart disease. 367 10

A comparative diagnostic examination of patients with chest pains in Moscow and Bordeaux revealed in both cities a higher level of total plasma cholesterol and apo B/A-I ratio in CHD patients with angiographically documented coronary atherosclerosis than in men without CHD. CHD patients from Bordeaux had higher levels of total and HDL cholesterol and a lower triglyceride level than patients from an analogous Moscow group. Both in Moscow and Bordeaux inhabitants the determination of the levels and the ratio of plasma apo B lipoprotein to A-I apolipoprotein proved highly informative for diagnosing atherogenous shifts in the lipoprotein system.
 ...
PMID:[Comparative characteristics of the basic blood lipid and apolipoprotein spectrum in groups of patients from Moscow and Bordeaux with ischemic heart disease]. 370 22

Ca++ level in the platelets of patients with different forms of CHD (angina pectoris of new onset, including the spastic form, acute myocardial infarction) and of subjects without signs of CHD or coronary atherosclerosis was measured basally and after stimulation with ADP, platelet activation factor and serotonin. Simultaneously platelet aggregation induced by the same stimuli was studied. Basal platelet Ca++ did not differ significantly between the groups. Stimulation by ADP and serotonin increased Ca++ concentration, the change being greatest in patients with spastic angina pectoris. Augmentation of free platelet Ca++ in patients with acute myocardial infarction did not differ from that in subjects without CHD and coronary atherosclerosis, and in some cases it was even less pronounced. Free Ca++ level showed good correlation with platelet aggregation. It is suggested that the differences revealed are due to changes in the sensitivity of platelet receptors to the inductors used.
 ...
PMID:[Free cytoplasmic calcium and thrombocyte aggregation in patients with ischemic heart disease. The effect of ADP, thrombocyte activation factor and serotonin]. 380 Nov 47

The recently completed NHLBI sponsored multicenter double-blind Coronary Heart Disease Prevention Trial has provided the long sought-after proof that hyperlipidemia is a major CAD risk factor and that the incidence of CHD and its complications can be favorable modified by control of hyperlipidemia with appropriate diet-drug therapy. This nationwide study confirms and validates the earlier reports on the feasibility to stabilize or to promote regression of atherosclerotic arterial lesions through hyperlipidemia control. Current investigations suggest that in most instances, simple differentiation of hyperlipidemias into hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia (major components of low-density and very low-density lipoprotein) can supply adequate information for clinical practice. In difficult-to-control hyperlipidemias, the application of lipoprotein analysis may provide insight of the underlying genetic-metabolic abnormality for selection of more specific therapeutic modality. Before considering hypolipemic therapy, secondary hyperlipidemias should be excluded. In those cases, treatment should be directed to the primary disease(s) for the solution of the hyperlipemic problem. Life-long dietary modification is the key step to treatment of all types of hyperlipidemias, and especially the primary hyperlipidemias. In this latter group, both the patient and the family should be educated on the principles and the importance of dietary modification to boost compliance. In familial hyperlipidemias, a specifically effective hypolipemic drug, or a combination of drugs with minimal or no long-term toxic and side effects, should be prescribed to augment the therapeutic diet to lower the elevated plasma lipid levels and stabilize them at normal range. Early detection and control of atherosclerosis-prone hyperlipidemias in children and young adults should be vigorously promoted to improve cardiovascular health of the population and to reduce the escalation of health care expenses.
 ...
PMID:When and how to treat hyperlipidemia. 387 80


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>