Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of the beta-blocker tertatolol on plasma lipids and lipoproteins were studied in two groups of 10 normolipidemic (group I) and 10 hyperlipidemic (group II) hypertensive patients, for a period of 3 months. The efficacy of tertatolol was confirmed by a reduction in heart rate (HR), and in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, in the supine position and after 1 min in the upright position. Triglyceride (TG) levels were increased by treatment in both groups (+20% and +22%, respectively; p less than 0.05), as were VLDL levels (+16% and +24%, respectively) although the rise in the latter was not significant. There were no significant differences in levels of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL, or apoproteins A and A1 (APO A, APO A1). Total cholesterol (TC) levels were increased by treatment in group I (+10%; p = 0.050) and decreased in group II (-9%, not significant), LDL-C being the principal fraction involved in these changes. There were no significant differences in levels of APO B. The ratio between TC and HDL-C levels remained unchanged. Given the current state of our knowledge concerning lipid markers for atherosclerosis, these results indicate that chronic administration of tertatolol may be considered devoid of 'atherogenic' effects.
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PMID:Tertatolol does not affect biochemical markers of atherosclerosis in normo- and hyperlipidemic hypertensive patients. 287 64

The associations of life-style variables, namely type of dietary fat, alcohol use, smoking, obesity, physical activity and oral contraceptive use with serum lipids, insulin and blood pressure were studied in 1398 adolescents and young adults aged 15-24 years. Smokers were more often physically inactive and regular users of alcohol compared to non-smokers. In females, smoking and alcohol use were more prevalent among oral contraceptive users. Independent effects of life-style variables on lipids, blood pressure and insulin were assessed with multiple linear regression models. In both sexes, body mass index was positively related to low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure and insulin, and negatively with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Leisure time physical activity was associated with lower levels of insulin among males. Smoking was related with 0.07 mmol/l lower HDL-C levels and about 0.09 mmol/l higher TG levels in males. In both sexes, smoking was related with lower levels of SBP. In males, alcohol use was associated with 0.05 mmol/l higher level of HDL-C (P = 0.06). In females, alcohol use was associated with lower levels of LDL-C and TG. Oral contraceptive use was associated with approximately 0.15 mmol/l higher levels of TG and about 4.0 mmHg higher SBP. Preferring butter over margarine as dietary fat was associated with 0.26 and 0.19 mmol/l higher levels of LDL-C in males and females, respectively. Accumulation of adverse life-habits contributed to the clustering of an atherogenic lipid profile and high blood pressure. In males, those with 4 selected life-habits present, namely obesity, smoking, inactivity and the use of butter, had 5.5 times greater risk (95% confidence interval 1.4-20.7) of belonging to the group with high LDL-C, low HDL-C and high DBP compared to those with zero or one life-habits present. These data demonstrate that life-habits show clustering in adolescents and young adults. Individuals with many adverse life-style risk factors present are at increased risk of having an atherogenic lipid and blood pressure profile.
Atherosclerosis 1994 Dec
PMID:Relations of life-style with lipids, blood pressure and insulin in adolescents and young adults. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. 771 26

Interest in research on atherosclerosis involving children has been the consequence of confluent evidence that atherogenic process begins in early life and grows silently until the occurrence of clinical events in middle-age or later. We carried out a cross-study in the Mediterranean area on a random sample of a secondary school of Casteldaccia (a farming and fishing village located on the Northern coast of Sicily, East of Palermo), consisting of 186 teen-agers (103 males and 83 females) aged between 10 and 13 years (average age: 11.3 +/- 0.2 years). We determined: total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, apolipoproteins A1 and B, glycaemia, body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Dietary habits were recorded on two occasions by a weekly diary (of the 7 days food record type) with the collaboration of dieticians. The prevalence of plasma cholesterol levels between 170-200 mg% and exceeding 200 mg% was 24.2% and 12.4% respectively, of overweight (BMI > 25) was 9.7% and of hypertension (SBP > 125 and/or DBP > 85 mmHg) was 8.6%. In comparison with Mediterranean diet according to Euratom study (1969), the following are the most impressive findings: an increase of cholesterol (+54%) and fat intake (+2% of total calories), a reduction of fibre intake (-32%) and an increase of 2S-P difference (+27%) and of total fats/fibre ratio (+53%).
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PMID:Cardiovascular risk factors and dietary habits in secondary school children in southern Italy. 796 74

Atherosclerosis in diabetic subjects is improved by the reduced repair capacity of endothelial damage and by the increased platelet aggregation, peculiar to diabetic pathology. The contemporary presence of high blood pressure, diabetes and lipoidoproteinosis, increasing the possibility of cardiovascular damage, also under well-controlled blood pressure values, certainly increases the risk of atherosclerosis. However we have valued the presence of lipoidoproteinosis in 52 of our diabetic-hypertensive patients in a follow-up of 40 months. The patients have been split in to two groups of 26 patients each, one being treated with nifedipine, the other to with captopril. The data obtained have been compared with the data for the two control groups (non diabetic patients). The selection has been carried out according to established criteria. We have investigated: glycaemia, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, tot. Chol./HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C. During follow-up the blood pressure values were significantly reduced (p < 0.01) (captopril: delta SBP = -13.88, delta DBP = -12.38, nifedipine: delta SBP = -22.03, delta DBP = -21.35). In the nifedipine group lipoidoproteinosis has been more marked: delta% glicaemia = +17.69, delta% cholesterolemia = +20.11; delta% CFR = +18.57; LDL-C = +35.11; delta% VRF = +34.61, while in the patients treated with captopril we have had the following results: delta% glycaemia = +15.43; delta% cholesterolemia = +16.36; delta% LDL-C = +26.68. The control group with nifedipine treatment have shown only increased values of cholesterolemia: delta% = +4.80, moreover in the control group treated with captopril we have observed a reduction of VRF: delta% = -15. A significant relationship between total cholesterolemia and glycaemia in the group with nifedipine treatment (p < 0.01) and captopril (p < 0.01) has been reported. This study could appear to underline the autonomic nervous system activation by nifedipine which does not affect lipoidoproteinosis in diabetic hypertensive subjects. This would seem to confirm on the contrary, the utility of captopril in the treatment of atherosclerotic subjects, as diabetic hypertensive patients.
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PMID:[Glyco-lipid changes in hypertensive diabetic patients undergoing treatment with nifedipine and captopril]. 849 63

Genetic influences in cerebrovascular disease (CVD) may act either independently or by predisposing to, or modulating, the effect of risk factors such as hypertension. Factors involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, thrombosis and vasoconstriction are important in CVD. The angiotensinogen gene has recently been linked with essential hypertension in affected sibships and a particular polymorphism in exon 2 of the angiotensinogen gene, a threonine to methionine substitution at position 235 (M235T), has been associated with pre-eclampsia and hypertension. In this study we examined the relation of M235T polymorphism to cerebrovascular disease and carotid atheroma in 100 consecutive Caucasian patients with internal carotid artery territory ischaemia (TIA or stroke), presenting to a carotid ultrasound service. Forty five age-matched controls (mostly patients' spouses) were also studied. Hypertension was defined as current treatment with anti-hypertensive agents, or SBP > 160 mm Hg or DBP > 95 mm Hg. Twelve of 100 cases (12%) and eight of 45 controls (12%) were homozygous for the T235 allele. T:M allele ratios were 0.34:0.66 in cases and 0.34:0.66 in controls. There was no relation between the polymorphism and either internal carotid stenosis or common carotid artery intima-media thickness. In the cases, mean percentage internal carotid artery stenosis was TT 18.3 (SD 18.7)%, MT 38.0 (27.1)% and MM 36.8 (30.2)%. Mean intima-media thickness was TT 0.87 (0.18) mm, MT 0.95 (0.34) mm and MM 0.88 (0.23) mm. There was no relation between the polymorphism and hypertension (TT 11 of 100 cases, six of 45 controls).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Lack of association between angiotensinogen polymorphism (M235T) and cerebrovascular disease and carotid atheroma. 852 90

The VHAS (Verapamil-Hypertension Atherosclerosis Study) Investigators entered 1464 patients with essential hypertension and blood pressure (BP) values > or = 160 mmHg systolic and 95 mmHg diastolic (DBP) but excluded those with a DBP > or = 115 mmHg, and those with diabetes mellitus or previous myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular episodes. Patients were randomly allocated to drug therapy for 2 years with either slow-release verapamil 240 mg once daily or chlorthalidone 25 mg once daily, with nonresponders receiving additional captopril 25 mg daily. A random group of eligible patients (n = 494) was followed for a more extended period (4 years) using beta-mode ultrasound. The end point is the development of atherosclerosis detected by ultrasound imaging. The most interesting observation thus far is that in this population of middle-aged hypertensives without a history of previous cardiovascular events, about two thirds had asymptomatic carotid alterations. The study is ongoing.
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PMID:Vascular complications in hypertension: the VHAS study. Verapamil-Hypertension Atherosclerosis Study. 856 70

The thoracic aorta is frequently involved in atherosclerotic lesions associated with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) allows quantitative evaluation of the wall properties of the thoracic aorta. Using TEE, we tested whether atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta in FH could be improved by cholesterol-lowering therapies. The subjects investigated were 22 FH patients and 22 age-matched normal subjects. The descending aorta (DA) was divided into four longitudinal portions of equal length. Atheromatous lesions of each portion of the DA were scored by character and extension of lesions by biplane two-dimensional TEE. The scores of atheromatous lesions from all four portions of the DA were added together to give the total atheromatous score (TAS). We also measured instantaneous dimensional changes of the DA in a cardiac cycle by M-mode TEE and blood pressure by a cuff method and calculated the stiffness parameter beta (In[SBP/DBP]/[Dmax-Dmin]/Dmin), where SBP is the systolic arterial blood pressure, DBP is the diastolic arterial blood pressure, Dmax is the maximum aortic dimension during the ejection period, and Dmin is the minimum aortic dimension during the preejection period. TAS was higher in FH (3.70 +/- 1.32) than normal (0.62 +/- 0.54, P < .0001) subjects. Beta in FH (10.35 +/- 4.87) was greater than in normal (5.10 +/- 1.25, P < .0001) subjects, but there were no significant differences of DA dimensions between the groups. In both normal subjects and FH patients, beta correlated with age (r = .52, P < .02 and r = .59, P < .005, respectively). In FH patients, beta and TAS correlated well with pretreatment total cholesterol levels (r = .43, P < .05 and r = .60, P < .005, respectively). In 12 of 22 FH patients, strict cholesterol-lowering therapies with diet and cholesterol-lowering drugs (pravastatin and probucol) were undertaken for 13 months. Cholesterol levels were significantly decreased from 333 +/- 45 to 219 +/- 39 mg/dL (P < .0001); this was associated with significant decreases in beta and TAS (from 9.88 +/- 5.03 to 7.88 +/- 3.92, P < .005, and from 3.61 +/- 1.50 to 2.94 +/- 1.22, P < .0005, respectively). In FH patients, the incidence and severity of morphological and physiological atherosclerosis of the DA were significantly higher than in age-matched normal subjects. A significant regression of atherosclerosis was achieved by strict cholesterol-lowering therapies in relatively young FH patients.
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PMID:Improvement of atherosclerosis and stiffness of the thoracic descending aorta with cholesterol-lowering therapies in familial hypercholesterolemia. 869 59

Two specific endothelial cell products, von Willebrand factor and soluble E-selectin, were measured together with serum lipids, lipoprotein(a), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SHP, DBP) in a follow up study of 162 patients attending a dedicated lipid clinic. Patients were further classified by the presence or absence of symptomatic vascular disease and smoking. After a mean of 49 months, 45 patients experienced a cardiovascular event (fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or arterial surgery) and 11 developed non-cardiovascular diseases, including cancer. In univariate analysis, existing vascular disease (P < 0.01), increased levels of von Willebrand factor (P < 0.0001) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.02), greater age (P < 0.01), and lower levels of soluble E-selectin (P < 0.03) were all predictive of future vascular events. However, in multivariate analysis, only increased von Willebrand factor was predictive (P < 0.001). von Willebrand factor was also higher in patients who developed non-cardiovascular disease relative to those free of disease (P < 0.05). Our data support the hypothesis that increased levels of von Willebrand factor are an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with atherosclerosis or its risk factors.
Atherosclerosis 1997 Jul 25
PMID:von Willebrand factor and soluble E-selectin in the prediction of cardiovascular disease progression in hyperlipidaemia. 924 60

Patients with Cushing's disease (CD) mainly die because of cardiovascular accidents. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patients with CD still have increased cardiovascular risk and suffer from premature atherosclerosis once cured. Fifteen patients cured from CD for a long term period (5 yr), 30 sex-and age-matched controls, and 30 body mass index (BMI)-matched controls were included in this study. BMI; waist to hip ratio (WHR); systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures; serum total, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; serum triglycerides, fibrinogen, and lipoprotein(a) levels; prothrombin time; activated partial thromboplastine time; and basal and glucose load-stimulated insulin and glucose levels were measured in patients and controls. By echo-Doppler ultrasonography, the intima media thickness (IMT), systolic and diastolic media-media distances, blood systolic (SPV) and diastolic (DPV) peak velocity, systolic (SLD) and diastolic (DLD) lumen diameter, and distensibility coefficient (DC) were measured at both common carotid arteries where the presence, size, and location of atherosclerotic plaques were also evaluated. Compared with a sex- and age-matched control population, CD patients had BMI (P < 0.001), WHR (P < 0.001), SBP (P < 0.005), DBP (P < 0.05), fasting glucose (P < 0.001) and insulin (P < 0.05), glucose load-stimulated glucose and insulin levels (P < 0.05), total cholesterol (P < 0.05), LDL cholesterol (P < 0.01), fibrinogen (P < 0.01), and lipoprotein(a) (P < 0.05) levels higher and HDL cholesterol levels (P < 0.05) lower than controls. At ultrasonography, in the patients, IMT (P < 0.05), SPV (P < 0.05) and DPV (P < 0.001) were significantly increased whereas SLD (P < 0.001), DLD (P < 0.001), and DC (P < 0.05) were significantly decreased compared to controls. In addition, CD patients had higher WHR (P < 0.05), DBP (P < 0.05), glucose load-stimulated glucose and insulin levels (P < 0.05), and fibrinogen levels (P < 0.01) and lower HDL cholesterol (P < 0.05) levels than BMI-matched controls. At ultrasonography, increased common carotid arteries IMT (P < 0.05) and DPV (P < 0.05) and decreased DLD (P < 0.05) and DC (P < 0.05) were measured in patients compared to those in BMI-matched controls. Atherosclerotic plaques were found in 26.7% of patients, in none of the sex- and age-matched controls, and in 3.3% of the BMI-matched controls. In CD patients, a significant correlation was found between both WHR and fasting serum insulin levels and DBP (r = 0.52 and r = 0.55; P < 0.05), triglycerides levels (r = 0.56 and r = 0.77; P < 0.05), and IMT (r = 0.64 and r = 0.56; P < 0.05). Right (r = -0.70; P < 0.005) and left (r = -0.65; P < 0.01) DC were inversely correlated to the duration of CD in the patient group. At the multiple regression analysis, WHR was the best predictor of fasting insulin levels (beta = 0.77; P < 0.05), and vice versa, fasting insulin level was the best predictor of WHR (beta = 1.20; P < 0.05). In conclusion, patients cured from CD for a long term period have a high prevalence of atherosclerosis and maintain increased several cardiovascular risk factors of the active disease, probably due to a residual abdominal obesity and/or insulin resistance syndrome.
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PMID:Persistence of increased cardiovascular risk in patients with Cushing's disease after five years of successful cure. 1044 57

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of renal artery stenosis (RAS) correction in hypertensive patients on 24 h SBP, 24 h DBP, creatinine clearance (GFR), urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and LV morphology and mass (LVMI). A total of 61 hypertensive patients with RAS undergoing PTRA and/or surgical treatment entered the prospective study. The final analysis was done in 44 patients (age range 45.8 +/- 16.2 years) with RAS (atherosclerosis (ASC) 31 patients, fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) 12 patients, arteritis 1 patient) who underwent PTRA (34 patients) or surgical treatment (10 patients) and presented no Doppler signs of restenosis (or a new stenosis) during 1-year observation. The pre-interventional assessment repeated after 6 and 12 months included ABPM, GFR, UAE and echocardiography. The results were analysed in the combined group (CG) and in according aetiology. 24 h SBP and 24 h DBP decreased in all groups 6 months post-intervention and did not change further. Cure of HT was observed in 35% and 29% of ASC patients at 6 and 12 months respectively; and in 58% of FMD patients. Failure rate at 12 months was 48% in ASC against 25% in FMD. The mean GFR in CG was higher 12 months after intervention. The increase in GFR was noted in 45% of patients, the decrease in 25% of patients at 12 months. Normal values of UAE were found in 71% of patients, pre- and post-intervention alike. Mean LVMI and number of patients with LVH in CG decreased already during the initial 6 months post-intervention and did not change further. In conclusion, correction of RAS leads to cure of or improved control of hypertension in the majority of the patients with FMD, but in the ASC group in about half of cases no BP cure or improvement was seen. The renal function was improved or stable in two-thirds of patients after revascularization. Successful renal revascularization was followed by regression of LVH, which was evident within 6 months post-intervention.
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PMID:Effects of the correction of renal artery stenosis on blood pressure, renal function and left ventricular morphology. 1059 91


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