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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is regarded as beneficial for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and thrombosis and chronic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. It may be possible to treat some acute diseases like acute myocardial infarction or acute rejection of grafted organs if it is possible to make n-3 PUFA take effect quickly (in hours instead of days). Three sets of experiments were done. In Experiment 1, emulsion of trieicosapentaenoyl-glycerol (EPA-TG) and tridocosahexaenoyl-glycerol was infused through rabbit ear veins, and the leukotriene B4/B5 production from polymorphonuclear leukocytes was measured at different time points by high-performance liquid chromatography. In Experiment 2, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) of mice was measured with sheep red blood cells as an antigen. Pure n-3 PUFA emulsions or a control solution were infused through tail veins just before the second challenge of the antigen. DTH was measured 24 hr after the second challenge. In Experiment 3, human natural killer cell activity was measured using K562 target cells before and after the infusion of pure EPA-TG emulsion to an antecubital vein. Leukotriene B4 production by rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes was depressed by 40% by EPA-TG infusion. DTH was suppressed almost completely by n-3 PUFA infusion. Natural killer cell activity was suppressed almost completely by EPA-TG infusion in 8 hr. DTH, natural killer cell activity, and leukotriene B4 production are probably related to acute rejection of grafted organs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Intravenous infusion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. 131 67

The purpose of this study was to compare the relative effect of n-3 fatty acids on plasma lipids and platelet function in normolipemic subjects (n = 8) with plasma Lp(a) levels greater than 30 mg/dl and normolipemic subjects (n = 7) without detectable plasma Lp(a) concentrations. Six weeks of dietary supplementation (3.8 g EPA and 2.9 g DHA/d) significantly reduced (P less than 0.005) plasma TGs in both groups whereas no changes of plasma TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and Lp(a), respectively, were found. Collagen- or thrombin-stimulated platelet aggregation and collagen- or thrombin-induced TXB2 generation from platelets decreased by approx. 45% in Lp(a)-negative and Lp(a)-positive platelet donors after a 6 week dietary intake. Four more weeks without n-3 supplementation restored the pretreatment values of TGs, platelet aggregability and TXB2 release. The biophysical properties of platelets from normolipemics with and without high plasma Lp(a) concentrations revealed a similar structural order of platelets at 37 degrees C using DPH, TMA-DPH, or 6-AS as fluorescent probes. Also similar temperature-dependent changes in platelet fluidity from 37 degrees C to 17 degrees C were observed in platelet preparations from Lp(a)-positive and Lp(a)-negative subjects. However, no subtle changes in the structural order of platelets due to nutrient intakes were found in all subjects (n = 15, 19-28 yrs) using fluorescence polarization technique. The present data suggest a similar in vitro platelet behaviour from normolipemic subjects with and without high plasma levels of Lp(a) (which is considered a risk for premature atherosclerosis) in contrast to platelet aggregability and platelet fluidity in certain hyperlipidemic stages.
Atherosclerosis 1991 Jun
PMID:Effects of dietary fish oil supplementation on platelet aggregability and platelet membrane fluidity in normolipemic subjects with and without high plasma Lp(a) concentrations. 183 37

There is clinical and epidemiologic evidence that long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 series, (AGPI n-3): eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) decrease the incidence of heart attack, coronary restenosis and also platelet aggregation, leukotriene synthesis and arterial pressure. They also decrease significantly the severity of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic models. Some of these results are obtained after daily intake of 3g or more of AGPI n-3. Marine oils are very rich in AGPI n-3 but rarely the amount is larger than 20%. Due to this fact there is great interest in the possibility of obtaining concentrates of AGPI n-3 with a high coefficient of intestinal absorption. EPA and DHA ethyl esters are able to be concentrated over 90% but their absorption is incomplete. For the moment AGPI n-3 can be concentrated as free fatty acids (AGL). Squid oil (Illex argentinus) is one of the natural oils with the highest concentration of AGPI n-3 (31 to 34%). In this paper, we have studied the incorporation of AGPI n-3 to plasmatic lipoproteins of rats fed during 28 days with diets supplemented with squid oil (Ac) or AGL obtained from the same oil. Both groups were compared with a control group (C, n = 5) fed on a standard diet. The composition of oil fatty acids and of AGL is almost identical: EPA 13.6% and DHA 17.7% (Table 1). Daily intake of AGPI n-3 was very similar: in the Ac group (n = 7) 80 mg/day and in the AGL group (n = 7) 90 mg/day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Incorporation of squid oil fatty acids to plasma lipoproteins in rats]. 184 Mar 6

Marmosets fed a diet supplemented with 0.2% cholesterol and 10% sheep fat (by weight) developed hypercholesterolemia with a 4-fold increase in plasma cholesterol (4.28 +/- 0.57-16.38 +/- 4.22 mmol/l, mean +/- SD, P less than 0.001). This was due mainly to a 5-fold increase in the intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction (d = 1.006-1.063 g/ml). The proportion of plasma cholesterol in high density lipoproteins (HDL) decreased from 56% to 25% although HDL cholesterol increased from 2.40 +/- 0.42 to 4.09 +/- 0.92 mmol/l (P less than 0.001), and HDL particle radius increased from 5.10 +/- 0.18 nm to 6.06 +/- 0.73 nm (P less than 0.05). Plasma lipid transfer protein (LTP) activity increased 2.5-fold in whole plasma and 2-fold in lipoprotein-deficient plasma. The atherogenic lipoprotein profile was attenuated by adding 0.8% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n - 3, as the ethyl ester) to the atherogenic diet. Plasma cholesterol increased only 55% to 6.64 +/- 2.55 mmol/l with only an 80% increase in lipoproteins in the d = 1.006-1.063 g/ml fraction and a more favourable proportion of plasma cholesterol in HDL (44%) than without EPA. LTP activity was reduced to 1.7-fold above control in whole plasma by addition of EPA to the atherogenic diet. There was a positive correlation between plasma cholesterol and LTP activity in whole plasma (r = 0.89, P less than 0.001) and in lipoprotein-deficient plasma (r = 0.67, P less than 0.001). EPA therefore attenuated some of the adverse effects of a 0.2% cholesterol, 10% sheep fat diet on plasma lipids and lipoproteins and induced a less atherogenic profile.
Atherosclerosis 1990 Apr
PMID:Effect of a high fat/cholesterol diet with or without eicosapentaenoic acid on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and lipid transfer protein activity in the marmoset. 211 88

Intraindividual comparisons of diets supplemented with sunflowerseed oil (rich in linoleic acid, LA, C18:2n-6), linseed oil (enriched with alpha-linolenic acid, LNA, C18:3n-3) and canned mackerel (rich in eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA, C20:5n-3 and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, C22:6n-3) were made in 30 patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) of phenotypes IIa (n = 9), IIb (n = 7), IV (n = 7) and V (n = 7). The lipid- and blood pressure-lowering effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly those of the EPA- and DHA-rich diet, were confirmed irrespective of the type of HLP. Apolipoproteins A-I and B remained unchanged. The most remarkable finding was a substantial depression of free fatty acids (FFA) within a standardized glucose tolerance test (GTT) associated with the fall of serum triglycerides after diets enriched with n-6 and especially after those supplemented with n-3 PUFA. It was suggested that the decrease of FFA indicates reduced peripheral lipolysis, which might be a hitherto ignored factor involved in the triglyceride-lowering action of n-6 and, more pronounced, of n-3 PUFA.
Atherosclerosis 1990 Aug
PMID:A possible contribution of decrease in free fatty acids to low serum triglyceride levels after diets supplemented with n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. 214 66

Although the use of lipids should be individualized, certain generalizations are appropriate. 1. Lipid infusion should be limited in the fulminately septic patient to 10% of total calories in an effort to reduce immunosuppression. 2. The stressed, nonseptic patient with difficulties in ventilator weaning or TPN-induced hepatic dysfunction may reap benefit from a reduction in dextrose calories and the provision of daily lipids. 3. Patients with severe autoimmune disease have had mild amelioration of symptoms with PUFA supplementation. The relative benefits of omega-6 vs omega-3 continue to be examined. 4. Dietary immunomodulation in transplant and burns remains an area of active investigation. 5. Patients with fat-free TPN show transient declines in serum lipids. The development of a "fat-solubilizer" remains in the experimental realm. 6. The provision of fish oil, high in W-3 EPA, has shown promise in atherosclerosis and immunomodulation. The changes in the relative amounts of each prostaglandin class depend on precursor prevalence.
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PMID:Practicalities of lipids: ICU patient, autoimmune disease, and vascular disease. 223 6

The effect of long-term manipulation of dietary lipid intake on platelet and vessel wall lipid composition and eicosanoid synthesis was investigated. Rats were fed a standard diet (REF diet) supplemented (12% w/w) with either sheep fat (SF), sunflower seed oil (SSO) or tuna fish oil (TFO) for a period of 15 months. Significant compositional changes both in the aorta and platelets were observed following dietary lipid treatment and differences between these tissues were particularly apparent with regard to the incorporation and conversion of n-3 fatty acids. For example, platelets displayed a selective accumulation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) over docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6, n-3), but in the aorta the proportion of DHA was considerably higher than that of EPA. In both tissues, compared to REF diet, n-3 dietary fatty acids replaced the n-6 unsaturates 20:4 and 22:4, but did not affect the proportion of linoleic acid. In contrast to aorta, the unsaturation index for platelet membrane varied significantly between dietary groups. The capacity of aorta and platelets to generate PGI2-like activity and thromboxane was unaltered by the SSO diet. However, changes were seen following SF and TFO supplementation. Rats fed the SF diet displayed a greater synthetic capacity whilst in animals maintained on TFO diet the synthesis of these two eicosanoids was considerably suppressed. The SF group displayed the highest value for PGI2/TXB2 ratio whereas TFO diet fed rats showed the lowest which may partly be due to synthesis of TXA3. The reduction in eicosanoids following the tuna fish oil supplementation can be explained on the basis of concurrent compositional changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Atherosclerosis 1987 Aug
PMID:Long-term saturated fat supplementation in the rat causes an increase in PGI2/TXB2 ratio of platelet and vessel wall compared to n-3 and n-6 dietary fatty acids. 282 Apr 32

In this study we investigated the effects of a daily supplementation of 6 g Super-EPA containing 3 g of the marine fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C 20:5 omega-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C 22:6 omega-3) for a period of 8 weeks in nine patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The concentrations of both HDL2 cholesterol and total HDL cholesterol increased (P less than 0.05) and there was a marked reduction in triglycerides (P less than 0.05). The viscosity of erythrocyte suspensions at a haematocrit of 0.80 decreased at most shear rates, suggesting an increased erythrocyte deformability. Mean corpuscular volume decreased (P less than 0.05) and total cholesterol and phospholipids in the erythrocyte membrane increased. We conclude that the daily use of 3 g of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by CAPD patients produces favourable effects on lipid profile and viscosity of erythrocyte suspensions, which may be of importance in protecting these patients against a further progression of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:The effect of fish oil on lipid profile and viscosity of erythrocyte suspensions in CAPD patients. 283 74

Eight patients with type IV and V hyperlipoproteinemia were put on a mackerel and herring diet of an isocaloric regimen for 2 weeks, in a cross-over design. At the end of the dietary periods a predominant increase of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA - C20:5, n-3) in cholesterol esters and of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA - C22:6, n-3) in serum triglycerides, being more pronounced after mackerel as compared to herring diet, could be confirmed. After mackerel diet serum triglycerides and total cholesterol were significantly lower, returning to basal levels 3 months later. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol appeared slightly increased after mackerel diet and decreased to initial values thereafter. After herring diet, which contained half as much EPA as compared to mackerel diet, the differences were minor. The decline of free fatty acids (FFA) and insulin at the end of the mackerel period reached the level of significance 60 min and 120 min, respectively, after glucose load. A significantly lower systolic blood pressure in recumbent and upright position after the mackerel period could be found, whereas diastolic pressure and blood pressure after herring diet remained unchanged.
Atherosclerosis 1985 Jul
PMID:Influence on serum lipids, lipoproteins and blood pressure of mackerel and herring diet in patients with type IV and V hyperlipoproteinemia. 299 34

Fourteen male patients with mild essential hypertension were put on a mackerel and herring diet within a prescribed isocaloric regimen in a cross-over design for 2 weeks. After mackerel diet eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA-C20:5, n-3) appeared more in cholesterol esters (1.7-11.0%), whereas docosahexaenoic acid (DHA-C22:6, n-3) was predominantly incorporated into serum triglycerides (1.0-8.3%). After herring diet, which contained half as much EPA and DHA, their increase was of minor degree. After mackerel diet serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity were significantly decreased (by 28%, 9%, 14% and 14%, respectively), returning to the initial levels 3 months later. On the contrary, HDL cholesterol appeared significantly increased (by 12%). After herring diet the differences were not significant. Serum sodium was significantly lower (by 2%) at the end of the mackerel diet as compared to the initial values. On the other hand, uric acid in serum appeared transiently increased (by 24%) at the end of both dietary periods. A significant decrease (by 8%) in casual systolic blood pressure, measured in recumbent position, could be observed only at the end of the mackerel period. Moreover, the level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure before and during a standardized psychophysiological stress test was significantly lower after mackerel diet. Nevertheless, the increments after stress were similar. Plasma renin activity was increased (by 64%) after mackerel diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Atherosclerosis 1985 Aug
PMID:Blood pressure- and lipid-lowering effect of mackerel and herring diet in patients with mild essential hypertension. 300 Mar 95


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