Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Preparations of rabbit low density lipoproteins (LDL) labelled with 3H in the esterified and free cholesterol moieties and with 125I in the apoprotein moiety were injected intravenously into other rabbits. A substantial proportion of the esterified [3H]cholesterol removed from LDL during the first 30 min was recovered in the high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction, while no such transfer of labelled apoprotein was observed. There was a clear cut differential in the decay of the different LDL components, slowest for the apoprotein, intermediate for esterified cholesterol and fastest for free cholesterol.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Dec
PMID:In vivo metabolism of esterified cholesterol and apoproteins in rabbit plasma low density lipoproteins. 22 81

The lipid and apoprotein composition of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) (d less than 1.019 g/ml) from normal and hypercholesteremic (h.c.) rabbits are compared. Significant changes are observed in the apoproteins, as well as in the fatty acid composition of cholesterol esters, and in the relative distribution of phospholipids. Apoproteins show a marked increase of peptides with slow mobility (R2 and R3), corresponding to arginine-rich proteins, both in the rabbit and in some types of human hyperlipoproteinemias (hypothyroidism and Fredrickson Type III). VLDL were separated into the two fractions, VLDL-1 and VLDL-2. Peptides of slow mobility were shown to be present in a higher concentration in VLDL-1. Cholesterol esters of h.c. VLDL have a very high content of oleic acid, the 18:1/18:2 ratio being about three times higher than in normal VLDL. Phospholipid distribution in h.c. VLDL is characterized by an increase of sphingomyelin and decrease of phosphatidylethanolamine. The PC/Sph ratio is about one fifth that of normal. These changes in VLDL lipids are very similar to those occurring in the lipid composition of the atherosclerotic plaques in mammals.
Atherosclerosis
PMID:Very low density lipoproteins in normal and cholesterol-fed rabbits: lipid and protein composition and metabolism. Part 1. Chemical composition of very low density lipoproteins in rabbits. 23 65

The turnover of apoE in the total lipoprotein fraction (p less than 1.21 g/ml) of normolipemic and hypercholesterolemic rats was compared. The specific activity of 125I-labelled apoE in the lipoproteins was determined after isolation of the apoprotein by immunoaffinity chromatography. The serum apoE decay curves showed rapid first and slower second phases. The first phase of the curve of hypercholesterolemic animals suggests some sequestration of the apoprotein. The half-lives of apoE in the second phase were approximately 7 and 23 h in the normal and hypercholesterolemic sera, respectively. Elevated apoE levels and moderate hypercholesterolemia persisted one week after restoration of the normal diet, indicating that the increased apoprotein level seen in hypercholesterolemic rats was not solely to VLDL or chylomicron remnants. However, due to the elevated apoE levels in the hypercholesterolemic rats, the total replacement rates of the apoprotein appeared to be greater than that in normolipemic animals, consistent with the concept that in the steady state there is an increase in apoE secretion in hypercholesterolemic animals rather than a decrease in catabolism.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Nov
PMID:Turnover of apoE in normal and hypercholesterolemic rats. 51 38

The aim of this study was to examine in detail the lipid and apoprotein concentrations in the serum of rats treated with pharmacologic doses (5 mg/kg/d for 5 d) of the synthetic estrogen derivative ethinyl estradiol. The results show that in rats, estrogen-induced hypolipidemia is associated with a nearly complete absence of the lipid and protein moieties normally found in d less than 1.21 fraction of serum. Quantitation of specific apolipoproteins by immunoelectrophoresis show that most apolipoproteins are decreased by more than 90% in the serum of estrogen-treated rats. In contrast to the changes in d less than 1.21 lipoproteins, estrogen treatment only slightly reduced serum phospholipid concentrations (by only 10%) and caused no change in the concentration of serum albumin. The results show that the ethinyl estradiol-treated rat is an excellent model of drug-induced hypolipidemia.
Atherosclerosis 1978 Aug
PMID:Pharmacologically induced hypolipidemia. The ethinyl estradiol-treated rat. 70 87

Autoimmune hyperlipidemia (AIH) may be induced a variety of antibodies which inhibit different stages of the lipolytic process by which the lipid load is removed from the circulating lipoproteins. In a patient having a monoclonal gammopathy and a nephrotic syndrome with a glomerulonephritis and a marked hypertriglyceridemia, it was found previously that the monoclonal IgG gamma Lac. reacted with human VLDL as well as with human serum albumin. Here it is demonstrated that the purified IgG gamma inhibits the lipolysis of triglyceride substrates by reacting with a substance (Lac. S) necessary for lipoprotein lipase activity. The interaction of IgG lambda Lac. with serum or HDL-activated triglyceride substrates inhibits the lipolytic activity of human and rat plasma post heparin and also adipose tissue lipases. It slightly inhibits the activity of swine pancreatic lipases. The Lac S. which reacts with IgG Lac. is associated to whole and delipidated VLDL and HDL and not to LDL or purified APo-A. It may be an Apo-C or a non-peptidic co-factor of the lipases which remains bound to the apoprotein core after delipidation. Its lack of species specificity and its presence as traces in HSA preparations favors the latter hypothesis. The Lac. substances is different from the Pg and As substances which were found to react with IgA anti-Pg and IgG anti-As antibodies in previously reported antilipoprotein AIH.
Atherosclerosis 1977 Jan
PMID:Inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity by a monoclonal immunoglobulin in autoimmune hyperlipidemia. 83 49

The monosaccharide content was examined in apoprotein B and lipids of total low density lipoprotein (LDL) preparations isolated from the blood of healthy individuals and patients with coronary atherosclerosis, as well as in desialylated and sialylated LDL obtained by affinity chromatography on Ricinus Communis Agglutinin-agarose. The glycoconjugates of total apoprotein-B of healthy subjects' LDL were found to consist of N-acetylglycosamine, galactose, mannose and sialic acid in a molar ratio of 2:1:2.5:1. The content of protein-bound neutral sugars was the same in healthy subjects and patients, while there was a lower sialic acid amount in the patients. The level of protein-bound sialic acid in patients' desialylated LDL was 2- to 3-fold lower than that in sialylated LDL. In contrast to apoprotein-B glycoconjugated, the lipid-bound carbohydrate chains of total LDL preparations had N-acetylgalactosamine and glucose, but not mannose. In total LDL from patients, the content of all lipid-bound carbohydrates was 1.5- to 4-fold lower than that in LDL from healthy subjects. In healthy subjects and in patients alike, the neutral sugar content of a lipid subfraction of desialylated LDL was lower than in those of sialylated LDL. It is concluded that atherogenic desialylated LDL differ from non-atherogenic sialylated LDL in neutral sugar levels.
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PMID:[Carbohydrate composition of native and desialylated low density lipoproteins in the plasma of patients with coronary atherosclerosis]. 128 15

Dietary lipid, following incorporation into chylomicrons, is rapidly removed from the blood by a two-stage process. Most of the triglyceride is taken up by extrahepatic tissue, particularly muscle and adipose tissue. The residual triglyceride and virtually all of the cholesterol ester is removed by the liver through the clearance of a particle called a chylomicron remnant. The remarkable rapidity and specificity of uptake of this particle seems to be due to its acquisition of apoE in the plasma. Uptake is mediated in part by the LDL receptor, the LRP (alpha a-macroglobulin receptor), and perhaps by a sieving mechanism that leads to trapping, but not endocytosis. Uptake is modulated by the type of apoE inherited, the amount of apoC present on the particle, and, perhaps, the phospholipid and fatty acyl chain composition of the particle. The process may be slowed in diabetes and hypothyroidism. The metabolic effects of the particle can be variable, depending on the composition of the diet, and this can affect whole body cholesterol metabolism significantly. Furthermore, even moderately prolonged residence of these particles in the circulation could contribute in a significant way to atherogenesis. Thus, the remnant particle and its uptake by the liver may be important links in determining the dietary contribution to the rate of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Hepatic clearance of plasma chylomicron remnants. 133 75

Strokes due to atherosclerosis are the most prominent neurological disease affecting adults, and efforts to reduce stroke occurrence, in addition to stroke-risk reduction, will require insights into molecular mechanisms. Our studies showing abnormal metabolism of low and high density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) in vivo and of RFLP in apoprotein AI, the major protein of HDL, in stroke-prone subjects suggest that greater exploration of fundamental mechanisms of atherothrombotic brain infarction (ABI) should yield preventative strategies, the ultimate treatment for strokes.
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PMID:Molecular biological studies in atherothrombotic brain infarction. 135 86

The aims of this study were to evaluate plasma lipid, apoprotein and Lp(a) levels in patients with severe coronary atherosclerosis undergoing aorto-coronary bypass surgery (BP) and to relate these parameters to the involvement of one or more vessels. Seventy-seven male patients and 77 cardiovascular disease-free controls, matched for sex, age and body weight were studied. Higher triglyceride and apo B levels with lower HDL-cholesterol and apo A-I levels were found in BP patients in comparison with the controls. Lp(a) levels were slightly, but not significantly, increased. Moreover BP patients presented a significantly higher prevalence of HDL-cholesterol levels below 35 mg dl-1 (49.3% vs 22.1%) and Lp(a) levels above 70 mg dl-1 (10.4% vs 1.3%) than the controls. When patients were divided according to the number of coronary vessels involved (one, two or three), no significant difference was found, with a trend to increase in Lp(a) mean levels and in prevalence of Lp(a) levels above 30 and 70 mg dl-1 in more severely diseased patients. These results suggest that patients with severe coronary artery disease undergoing aorto-coronary bypass surgery show low HDL-cholesterol levels with high triglyceride levels. Moreover Lp(a) levels above 70 mg dl-1 are highly associated with severe coronary vessel stenosis.
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PMID:Lp(a) levels in patients undergoing aorto-coronary bypass surgery. 139 16

Recent epidemiological studies have shown some beneficial health effects of the long chain (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids found in fatty fish. Although the results of these studies are often ambiguous and inconclusive, they have prompted many intervention trials to study the effects of n-3 fatty acids (FA) on the cardiovascular risk profile. However screening of the literature revealed that many of the beneficial effects of fish (oil) were obtained in intervention studies which had several serious shortcomings in their design. Therefore we started a placebo controlled randomised trial with increasing doses of n-3FA (respectively 0; 1.12; 2.24 and 3.37 g n-3 FA/day) and in order to have a maximum compliance this study was done in healthy monks. Fifty eight subjects took the fish oil capsules during 12 months and were thereafter followed for another 6 months. We couldn't detect any effect of n-3 FA supplementation on total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apo A1, Lp(a), HbA1C, glucose, fibrinogen, factor VIII, antithrombin III, plasminogen activator inhibitor, tissue plasminogen activator and von Willebrand factor concentration, on bleeding time or on systolic or diastolic blood pressure. A pronounced significant dose dependent decrease of triglyceride levels was seen, while a slight but statistical significant decrease of apo B levels was observed in the highest fish oil dose. As the importance of triglycerides in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is still under discussion, the clinical relevance of these finding is not clear at the moment. It seems therefore improbable that the anti-atherosclerotic action of n-3 FA is due to an effect on the lipid, apoprotein, coagulation or fibrinolysis parameters as measured in our study. Hence further research must be focused on other parameters (prostaglandins) which can be influenced by n-3 FA and which probably play an equally important role in the atherosclerotic process.
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PMID:Influence of supplementation with N-3 fatty acids on different coronary risk factors in men--a placebo controlled study. 141 84


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