Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two neutral proteases have been isolated from aortas and human breast tumors. The aortic elastase-like enzyme has been further purified. The details of this purification procedure will be given and some of the properties of the purified enzyme (susceptibility to various kinds of substrates, degree of inhibition of serum inhibitors, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin). This elastinolytic activity of the aorta increased with age and with the degree of atherosclerosis. Both parameters seem to act independently and in a cumulative fashion. Elastinolytic activity has been demonstrated in extracts of human breast carcinomas and is exponentially related to the age of the patient. There exists a parallel neosynthesis of elastin which increased also with the age of the patient. Some characteristics of the polymeric elastin isolated from the tumor tissue will be given. The possible role of this neutral protease present in human aortas and human breast carcinomas will be discussed.
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PMID:Elastase-like enzymes in aortas and human breast carcinomas: quantitative variations with age and pathology. 6 61

A number of soluble proteins contained in human aortic intimal tissue was extracted into buffered saline (pH 7.4) and identified and quantitated by immunoelectrophoresis and immunodiffusion. The proteins included IgA, IgG, IgM, B1C (C3), alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, fibrinogen, albumin, LDL, HDL, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, beta 2-glycoprotein, transferrin and ceruloplasmin. The concentration of soluble proteins was significantly higher in the atherosclerotic intima than in the normal intima. The diseased intima also contained a small amount of tissue-bound IgG, IgA and B1C which was extractable with citrate buffer at pH 3.2. The vascular band IgG, and B1C were shown by enzymatic and immunohistochemical studies to be closely associated with the collagenous tissue of the plaque. The Ig contained in the atherosclerotic plaque may be derived in part from the biosynthesis of Ig by the artery, since the incorporation of 14C-labeled leucine into IgG by the atheromatous plaque was demonstrable by radioimmunoelectrophoresis. In contrast to the diseased artery, the normal artery did not synthesize IgG and did not contain vascular bound IgG or complement. However, the normal artery was capable of fixing IgG and B1C eluted from the diseased artery. The present studies suggested that the IgG contained and synthesized by the plaque might represent an immune response to an endogenous or exogenous antigen closely associated with plaque collagen. IgG and B1C either alone or in the form of an immune complex also may play an important role in phagocytosis in the plaque and thereby influence the course of atherosclerosis. The proteolytic inhibitors, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin, found in relatively high concentrations in the plaque, could enhance fibrosis of the lesion because of thier known inhibitory effects on collagenase and elastase.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Dec
PMID:Soluble proteins in the human atherosclerotic plaque. With spectral reference to immunoglobulins, C3-complement component, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin. 9 93

In rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis induced by a cholesterol-rich diet, alpha 1-antitrypsin concentration was decreased as compared with control, by 34%, whereas alpha 2-macroglobulin concentration was increased by 86%. In animals fed a methionine-rich diet changes in concentration of both inhibitors involved in elastase metabolism were but slight, if any.
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PMID:Concentration of some proteinase inhibitors: alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin in rabbit blood serum in two models of experimental atherosclerosis. 170 85

Concentration and preferential retention of immunoglobulins and complement components were studied in comparison with other plasma proteins in 42 human aortae with atherosclerosis. Saline and acid extracted IgG, IgA, IgM, C1q, C3c, C4, C9, C3A, C-reactive protein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, albumin, transferrin and fibrinogen were quantitatively determined using the radial immunodiffusion. The fibrous plaques and their adjacent areas contained higher levels of each protein than intima with only fatty streaks. No significant differences were found between the fibrous plaques and their adjacent areas presenting intimal thickenings. Saline eluted IgG and IgA were significantly higher in the fibrous plaque intima than in intimal samples with fatty streaks and were the only proteins detected in the acid eluates. The complement components were present in all saline eluates, while C-reactive protein was found in 23 samples. Crossed immunoelectrophoretic studies showed the activation of saline C3 and C4. In 8 cases serum levels of the studied proteins were compared with their concentration in saline eluates obtained from intima and media. The immunoglobulins and complement components presented higher intima/serum and lower media/intima retention ratios than the other studied proteins suggesting their preferential retention in the intima. The presence of immune related proteins in the atherosclerotic intima and their preferential retention might be explained not only by an altered permeability but also in relation to their function.
Atherosclerosis 1985 Apr
PMID:Immunoglobulins and complement components in human aortic atherosclerotic intima. 240 31

Protein extracted from 24 human aortic intimas (6-33 years old) with 9 M urea mixture, were studied after separation by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and silver staining. The protein composition of normal intima in 4 cases, each without any gross changes in the thoracic aorta, displayed similarity. In each 2-DE protein pattern of these intimas about 150 polypeptide spots were detectable/mg of wet tissue. Major and medium polypeptides were described by relative molecular weight Mr in kilodaltons (kDa) and relative charge Cr. Major proteins found were actin (P44-18; Mr = 44 kDa; Cr = -18), tropomyosin-like proteins (P34-29, P35-28.5, P36-31) and two glycoproteins (G35-21, G35-23.5). Several new major and medium extracellular proteins were demonstrated in fibro-fatty lesions as well as in the lesion-free intimas adjacent to lesion in 3 cases. Many of these proteins appeared to originate from plasma: albumin, IgG, alpha 1-antitrypsin, transferrin, haptoglobin beta-chain, apo A-I, apo A-II, fibrinogen beta-chain, alpha 2-HS glycoprotein and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. Visual comparison of intimal protein patterns from 17 different cases with varying degree of fatty streaks in the thoracic aorta, showed variability in 2 polypeptides P32-17.8 and P32-19.8 as well as 4 plasma proteins albumin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, transferrin and apo A-I. This study suggests that changes in protein composition may occur in the human aortic intima during the initial histological stages of atherogenesis providing potentially useful markers for their identification and pathophysiological evaluation.
Atherosclerosis 1986 May
PMID:Human aortic intima protein composition during initial stages of atherogenesis. 242 64

Serum lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) was serially determined after acute attacks of myocardial infarction and after surgical operations. Acute phase proteins, such as C-reactive protein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin and haptoglobin, increased rapidly and markedly after the episodes. Initial values of serum Lp(a) concentrations were almost the same in both groups. Increases in serum Lp(a) levels were also observed during the first few days, with a return to the initial levels after more than 1 month. The periods for reaching maximal levels of acute phase proteins were similar in both groups of patients. On the contrary, the period required for Lp(a) to reach the maximal level in the myocardial infarction group was significantly longer than in the post-operative group. The present study suggests that Lp(a) has the characteristics of an acute phase reactant and may play an important role in recovery from tissue damage.
Atherosclerosis 1989 Aug
PMID:Transient changes of serum lipoprotein(a) as an acute phase protein. 247 92

The possibility of elastase contributing to degradation of the arterial wall in atherosclerosis and to the formation of ectasia has prompted us to assay the main protease inhibitors, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin, in patients with angiographic coronary disease with and without coronary ectasia. Serum concentrations of these two proteins were measured by immunonephelometry in 203 patients admitted for coronary arteriography. The results obtained were analyzed according to the presence of atheromatous lesions and their severity and to the presence or absence of ectasia. There was no correlation between the values observed and the presence or severity of coronary atherosclerosis, but the concentration of alpha 1-antitrypsin was significantly higher in patients with coronary ectasia (247.2 +/- 40.5 mg/ml) than in patients without ectasia (213.5 +/- 36.6 mg/100 ml; p less than 0.001). This study shows that coronary ectasia is associated with disturbances in the protease-antiprotease system, which may be consecutive to initial changes in elastase activity. Our results support the theory that elastase and protease inhibitors play a specific role in some atheromatous processes.
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PMID:[Protease inhibitors and ectasia in coronary atherosclerosis]. 314 27

Arterial intima proteins were extracted by 9 M urea from matching histologically atheroma-free areas of 27 human thoracic aortas of both sexes from younger (15-34) and older (35-82) age groups and studied after separation by high-resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Seventeen specific protein groups on each gel were identified according to their relative charges and molecular weights and their distribution in the two age groups compared. Some plasma-derived proteins occurred rarely in young aortas while they were consistently found in those from older cases, i.e., protein group 4 (alpha 1-antichymotrypsin) 1/13 (8%) vs 12/14 (86%), group 7 (haptoglobin beta-chain) 1/13 (8%) vs 13/14 (93%) and groups 6 and 9 (IgG chains) 3/13 (23%) vs 9/14 (64%), respectively. Other plasma-derived proteins such as group 3 (albumin) and 5 (alpha 1-antitrypsin) were identified in all samples of both age groups but their expression in the aortic intima increased with age. Proteins which are typically found intracellularly such as those from groups 11 (actin), 12 (cytoskeleton proteins), and 13 (tropomyosin-like proteins) appeared in samples of intima of both age groups but were less apparent in older specimens. These studies suggest that the changes in aortic intima protein distribution in the absence of atherosclerosis closely correlate with histological changes such as intimal thickening often found with aging, providing new sensitive markers of vascular senescence.
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PMID:Effect of aging on human aortic protein composition. II. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis. 406 9

This study investigated the relationship between serum sialic acid concentration and cardiovascular mortality. Correlations were determined between lifestyle-related coronary heart disease risk markers (cigarette consumption, alcohol consumption, and leisure time physical activity), biological risk markers (apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a), and diastolic blood pressure) on the one hand and the concentration of sialic acid as well as sialic acid-rich acute phase proteins (orosomucoid, haptoglobin, and alpha 1-antitrypsin) on the other. A total of 145 men aged 21-46 years and with a C-reactive protein concentration below 5 mg/l were included. Total sialic acid concentration correlated significantly with apolipoprotein B (r = 0.48), number of cigarettes smoked daily (r = 0.32), and leisure time physical activity (r = -0.23) after adjustment for age and other cardiovascular risk markers. No significant partial correlations were found between serum total sialic acid concentration on the one hand and alcohol consumption, apolipoprotein A1, lipoprotein(a), and diastolic blood pressure on the other. Of the sialic acid-rich glycoproteins, orosomucoid correlated with apolipoprotein B (r = 0.38), haptoglobin with cigarette consumption (r = 0.35) and leisure time physical activity (r = -0.26) and alpha 1-antitrypsin with cigarette consumption (r = 0.18), leisure time physical activity (r = 0.17), alcohol consumption (r = -0.18), and apolipoprotein B (r = 0.21) after adjustment for age and other cardiovascular risk markers.
Atherosclerosis 1993 Nov
PMID:Serum concentrations of total sialic acid and sialoglycoproteins in relation to coronary heart disease risk markers. 750 25

Excess activated factor XI (FXIa) in plasma indicates increased activation during the contact phase of blood coagulation. To investigate the relationship between such elevations and coronary atherosclerosis, we examined FXIa values in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method that we developed that detects FXIa in plasma samples as an FXIa-alpha 1-antitrypsin complex (FXIa-alpha 1AT). The presence and extent of CAD were documented by coronary angiography and assessed by a recently developed scoring system for semiquantitative estimation of coronary atherosclerosis. Plasma FXIa-alpha 1AT levels were significantly increased in patients with angiographically proven CAD (13.9 +/- 3.0 micrograms/L, n = 42) compared with age-matched, healthy control subjects (11.9 +/- 1.7 micrograms/L, n = 20) as well as patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries (12.0 +/- 2.3 micrograms/L, n = 25). Moreover, in the total patient population, the FXIa-alpha 1AT level was related to the number of significant coronary artery stenoses as well as to the total coronary score. FXIa-alpha 1AT showed a positive correlation with thrombin-antithrombin III complex, fibrinogen, and Lp(a) and an inverse correlation with apo A-I, as determined by multi-variate analysis. Our studies provide evidence that increased activation of the contact pathway occurs in patients with CAD and is related to the severity of the disease. Although it is unknown whether this abnormality is the cause or the result of the vascular lesion, it may be important for progression of the underlying atherosclerosis or for propagation of the atherosclerotic process itself.
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PMID:Evaluation of factor XIa-alpha 1-antitrypsin in plasma, a contact phase-activated coagulation factor-inhibitor complex, in patients with coronary artery disease. 762 3


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