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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ischemic optic neuropathy and retinal arterial occlusion are 2 forms of arterial occlusive disease affecting the eye. Reports in the literature suggest platelet hyperactivity in acute arterial occlusive diseases affecting other organ systems. Therefore, 14 patients with ischemic optic neuropathy and 17 patients with central or branch retinal artery occlusion were studied to determine whether platelets have a role in the pathogenesis of these vascular occlusive disorders. The results of the following investigations were no different in these patients compared with those in 18 control patients with non-vascular eye diseases: prothrombin times, partial thromboplastin times, plasma fibrinogen, factor V, factor VIII, platelet counts and threshold concentrations of ADP, epinephrine and collagen resulting in secondary platelet aggregation and serotonin release. In contrast, platelet coagulant activities concerned with the early stages of intrinsic coagulation were significantly increased in patients with retinal artery occlusion without hypertension or type IV hyperlipoproteinemia, but generally normal in patients with ischemic optic neuropathy and in patients with retinal artery occlusion associated with hypertension, type IV hyperlipoproteinemia, diabetes mellitus and generalized atherosclerosis. These results are consistent with a platelet contribution to retinal arterial occlusive disease in patients without other known contributing factors such as hypertension, serum lipid abnormalities, diabetes mellitus and generalized atherosclerosis and may have implications regarding prophylaxis.
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PMID:Platelet coagulant activities in arterial occlusive disease of the eye. 50 1

Blood cells express a cell membrane protein, termed homologous restriction factor 20 (HRF20) and identical to CD59, that can inhibit complement C5b-9 insertion into their membranes. In this report, we investigated by immunohistochemistry whether CD59 was present on cells in human atherosclerotic lesions since membranous C5b-9(m) has been found in lesions. Using a monoclonal anti-CD59 antibody, a cellular CD59 staining pattern was apparent in nearly all lesion specimens. CD59 stain co-localised with macrophage (CD14), T lymphocyte (CD7), endothelial cell (anti-factor VIII related antigen) and smooth muscle cell cytoskeletal-specific antigens (anti-alpha actin and muscle myosin). Endothelial cells always exhibited a more intense stain than the other cell types. CD59 antigen was not localised to any one area of the lesions. Usually CD59-positive cells occurred in clusters rather than as randomly spaced individual cells. CD59 did not stain all cells of the lesion and in particular did not appear to stain all smooth muscle cells. Areas of CD59-negative cells were sometimes observed to exhibit a cellular C5b-9 staining pattern. C5b-9 deposits were also observed in CD59-positive regions. Normal saphenous vein stained strongly for CD59 at the endothelial lining and weakly in the media. Capillaries in atherosclerotic intima always stained strongly for CD59. We conclude that HRF20 is constitutively expressed on endothelium and is under regulatory control in smooth muscle cells. Cellular C5b-9 attack in atherosclerotic lesions is therefore most likely to occur on smooth muscle cells.
Atherosclerosis 1992 Oct
PMID:CD59 (homologous restriction factor 20), a plasma membrane protein that protects against complement C5b-9 attack, in human atherosclerotic lesions. 128 30

The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study is an observational epidemiologic study conducted in four communities. ARIC has two major components: One records the occurrence of myocardial infarction resulting in hospitalization and coronary heart disease death in adults aged 35 to 74 living in the communities; the other is a prospective study of representative cohorts aged 45 to 64. Measurement of hemostatic factors is part of the cohort study, whose major objectives include investigating etiologic factors associated with atherosclerosis and its clinical outcomes. Arterial intimal-medial wall thickness, an index of early atherosclerosis, is measured precisely from ultrasound images of carotid and popliteal arteries. Participants (n = 15,801) completed their first examination, which included measurements of factors associated with coagulation (fibrinogen, factor VII, factor VIII, and von Willebrand factor) and coagulation inhibition (protein C and antithrombin III). Measures of coagulation activation, platelet activation, and fibrinolytic activity will be performed on stored plasma from selected case patients and control subjects.
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PMID:The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Introduction and objectives of the hemostasis component. 134 97

Several population studies have shown that plasma levels of fibrinogen and factor VII are significantly associated with ischemic cardiovascular events. However, there is little information regarding the association of hemostatic factors with early atherosclerosis. To evaluate this, we compared the plasma concentrations of several coagulation proteins (fibrinogen, factor VII, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, protein C, and antithrombin III) between 385 case patients, defined by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography as having carotid arterial wall thickening, and 385 age-, race-, and sex-matched control subjects. These case patients and control subjects were selected from participants in a prospective population investigation, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, who were examined between May 1987 and May 1989. Plasma fibrinogen, factor VII, protein C, and antithrombin III levels were significantly higher in case patients than in control subjects (P < 0.05). Factor VIII and von Willebrand factor were not different. These findings were supported by quartile distribution and univariate analysis. However, only fibrinogen remained significantly associated with carotid atherosclerosis on multivariate analysis taking other atherosclerosis risk factors into consideration. A one standard deviation increase in fibrinogen (67 mg/dL) was associated with a 1.6-fold increase in the odds of carotid atherosclerosis univariately (P < 0.001) and with a 1.3-fold increase in the odds multivariately (P = 0.010). Further analysis revealed that the association of fibrinogen with carotid atherosclerosis was somewhat stronger in cigarette smokers than in nonsmokers. This early case-control analysis of the ARIC Study demonstrates a significant association between plasma fibrinogen concentration and early atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries. In the context of published findings from population studies, our results indicate that plasma fibrinogen concentrations may be a useful marker for identifying individuals at high risk of developing arterial thrombotic disorders.
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PMID:Association of coagulation factors and inhibitors with carotid artery atherosclerosis. Early results of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. 134 98

Recent epidemiologic studies found that there is a strong association of hemostatic factors with ischemic heart disease. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Intraindividual Variability (IIV) Study was conducted to estimate the various components of variation in hemostasis factors measured in the ARIC Study and to estimate the measures of repeatability of these factors. A total of 39 subjects (16 men, 23 women) were studied. Each had blood collected three times, with a 1- to 2-week interval between each visit. The contributions of between-person variability, within-person (biologic) variability, and processing and assay variability were estimated. Then the reliability coefficient R was estimated as the proportion of total variance accounted for by between-person variance. The reliability coefficient can be interpreted as the correlation between measures made at repeat visits. Among the various analytes, the reliability coefficients were quite high for activated partial thromboplastin time and plasma factor VIII (R = 0.92, 0.86, respectively). Low repeatability was obtained for antithrombin III activity and protein C (R = 0.42, 0.56, respectively). The lack of repeatability for these variables derives mostly from the processing (field center and laboratory) variation. Other analytes--fibrinogen, plasma factor VII, and von Willebrand factor--were intermediate in repeatability. In comparing the analyte-specific high-level to low-level groups, no substantial difference of within-person plus method coefficient of variation between the two groups was found for any analyte except for factor VIII, whereas the corresponding variance components for most analytes were higher for the higher analyte level. Reliability coefficients from this ARIC IIV study are generally higher than those found in other studies, and this is related to the relative variations in populations studied and to the time between measurements.
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PMID:Short-term intraindividual variability in hemostasis factors. The ARIC Study. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Intraindividual Variability Study. 134 24

The purpose of this study was to investigate the vasoformative behavior in vitro of the native intimal endothelium of the rat aorta. To visualize the intimal surface directly, thoracic aortas were everted using a procedure that sequestered adventitial cells and possible remnant microvessels of periaortic soft tissues inside the aortic tube. Everted aortas embedded in collagen gel and cultured under serum-free conditions generated branching microvessels by a process of sprouting from the aortic intima. The newly formed microvessels originated from patches of activated intimal endothelial cells, which had survived the mechanical damage of the eversion procedure. Activated endothelial cells crawled over each other and engaged in lumen formation forming bilayers or multilayers of cells which became the source of sprouting histotypic microvessels. The endothelium of the newly formed microvessels was positive for factor VIII-related antigen and was partially surrounded by periendothelial cells which expressed alpha-smooth muscle actin. The results of this study indicate that the intimal endothelium of the rat aorta has considerable functional plasticity and can switch to a vasoformative phenotype in response to changes in the surrounding extracellular matrix environment.
Atherosclerosis 1992 Aug
PMID:Large-vessel endothelium switches to a microvascular phenotype during angiogenesis in collagen gel culture of rat aorta. 138 19

Recent epidemiological studies have shown some beneficial health effects of the long chain (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids found in fatty fish. Although the results of these studies are often ambiguous and inconclusive, they have prompted many intervention trials to study the effects of n-3 fatty acids (FA) on the cardiovascular risk profile. However screening of the literature revealed that many of the beneficial effects of fish (oil) were obtained in intervention studies which had several serious shortcomings in their design. Therefore we started a placebo controlled randomised trial with increasing doses of n-3FA (respectively 0; 1.12; 2.24 and 3.37 g n-3 FA/day) and in order to have a maximum compliance this study was done in healthy monks. Fifty eight subjects took the fish oil capsules during 12 months and were thereafter followed for another 6 months. We couldn't detect any effect of n-3 FA supplementation on total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apo A1, Lp(a), HbA1C, glucose, fibrinogen, factor VIII, antithrombin III, plasminogen activator inhibitor, tissue plasminogen activator and von Willebrand factor concentration, on bleeding time or on systolic or diastolic blood pressure. A pronounced significant dose dependent decrease of triglyceride levels was seen, while a slight but statistical significant decrease of apo B levels was observed in the highest fish oil dose. As the importance of triglycerides in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is still under discussion, the clinical relevance of these finding is not clear at the moment. It seems therefore improbable that the anti-atherosclerotic action of n-3 FA is due to an effect on the lipid, apoprotein, coagulation or fibrinolysis parameters as measured in our study. Hence further research must be focused on other parameters (prostaglandins) which can be influenced by n-3 FA and which probably play an equally important role in the atherosclerotic process.
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PMID:Influence of supplementation with N-3 fatty acids on different coronary risk factors in men--a placebo controlled study. 141 84

The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study measured hemostatic variables in nearly 16,000 men and women, aged 45 to 64 years, from four US communities. This report, based on the first 12,681 participants, presents distributions of fibrinogen concentration, factor VII activity, factor VIII activity, von Willebrand factor antigen, protein C antigen, antithrombin III activity, and activated partial thromboplastin time. Many of the hemostatic variables differed between blacks and whites, and by sex and age. For example, compared to whites, blacks had higher mean values of fibrinogen, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, and antithrombin III, and lower mean values of protein C. Some seasonal fluctuations in hemostatic variables were noted; most notably, mean values of factor VII were lowest and protein C were highest in subjects examined in the summer compared to those examined during the other seasons. These results provide population-based reference values on blacks and whites for those interested in the relation of hemostasis to disease.
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PMID:Distributions of hemostatic variables in blacks and whites: population reference values from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. 145 14

Previous results, presented in abstract form, indicate that replacement of thromboplastin with a mixture of phospholipid and truncated soluble tissue factor apoprotein results in a coagulation assay that can directly measure plasma factor VIIa levels without interference from zymogen factor VII (Atherosclerosis Thromb 11:1544a, 1991 [abstr]). We have exploited the specificity and sensitivity of such a factor VIIa specific coagulation assay to directly assess the in vivo relationship of factor VIII and factor IX on the production of factor VIIa levels under nonthrombotic and nonstimulatory conditions. Normal individuals (n = 20) were found to possess an average circulating factor VIIa level corresponding to 4.34 +/- 1.57 ng/mL, or approximately 1% of their total factor VII antigen. Severe factor VIII deficient patients (n = 13) possessed a slightly lower but statistically significant (P less than .01) decrease in their basal factor VIIa levels (2.69 +/- 1.52 ng/mL), corresponding to approximately 60% of that observed in normal individuals. On the other hand, severe factor IX deficient patients (n = 7) were found to possess even lower levels of factor VIIa corresponding to 0.33 +/- 0.15 ng/mL, or less than 10% of that observed in normal individuals. Measurement of total factor VII antigen levels shows that the variation in basal factor VIIa levels stems from differences in the degree of factor VII activation as opposed to differences in factor VII antigen levels. Our present data are consistent with the hypothesis that factor IXa is the principal in vivo activator of factor VII under basal conditions.
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PMID:Measurement of basal levels of factor VIIa in hemophilia A and B patients. 146 30

The influence of coffee and caffeine consumption on hemostatic factors was studied in 2 randomized trials. Both studies were conducted in young, healthy adults. In the first study, 107 participants were randomly allocated to one or 3 intervention groups, drinking filtered coffee, boiled coffee or no coffee at all, respectively, for a period of 9 weeks. In the second study, 69 subjects received either 4-6 tablets containing 75 mg caffeine or the same amount of placebo tablets, while using decaffeinated coffee. In this double-blind study caffeine intake from any other source was not allowed. Blood samples for hemostatic factors were obtained at baseline and after 9 weeks of intervention. The findings indicate no effect of coffee consumption on fibrinogen, clotting factor VII activity, factor VIII antigen, protein C and protein S and also no effect of caffeine consumption on fibrinogen and factor VII activity.
Atherosclerosis 1990 Aug
PMID:Coffee, caffeine and hemostasis: results from two randomized studies. 214 67


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