Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

W examined the short-term effects of a high-complex carbohydrate, low fat diet on the plasmin-dependent fibrinolytic pathway. A population of 27 adult American Caucasians exposed to the diet for 3 weeks showed highly significant reductions in the levels of plasminogen (P = 0.0001), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) (P = 0.0001) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (tPAI) (P = 0.0017). Fibrinogen levels also decreased, but the changes did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.07). In contrast, the levels of the Lpa(a) lipoprotein, a potential inhibitor of fibrinolysis, remained remarkably constant despite a marked decrease in the levels of apolipoprotein B, a major constituent of Lp(a). Correlations between the levels of tPA, tPAI and plasma triglyceride were observed among the individuals both before and after the dietary challenge. Although the mechanisms responsible for the effects are unknown, the dramatic responsiveness of the thrombolytic pathway to dietary challenge is likely to be of importance in understanding the etiology of coronary artery disease and other vascular disorders.
Atherosclerosis 1990 Sep
PMID:Dietary regulation of fibrinolytic factors. 214 72

The effect of insulin treatment with 2 different insulin regimens on the plasma concentrations of lipoproteins and apolipoproteins A1 and B was studied in 10 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and secondary failure to oral hypoglycaemic agents. The investigation was performed as a randomized crossover study with treatment periods of 8 weeks. Insulin was given either as mainly intermediate acting insulin before breakfast and dinner (2-dose insulin) or as regular insulin preprandially with intermediate acting insulin at bedtime (4-dose insulin). A similar improvement in glycaemic control was obtained with both insulin regimens. On treatment with oral agents the patients were found to have higher total plasma triglycerides and lower plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol than a matched non-diabetic control group. Insulin treatment almost completely normalized these lipid disturbances by reducing mean total plasma triglycerides with 36% and increasing plasma HDL cholesterol with 20% on 2-dose and 17% on 4-dose. The triglyceride concentration in the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction was reduced. Mean plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol was not affected by any treatment. There was an increase of similar magnitude in both HDL2 and HDL3 concentrations but only the change in the HDL3 subfraction was statistically significant. Mean plasma apolipoprotein A1 concentration increased with 9% (P less than 0.05) while there was no significant change in the plasma apolipoprotein B concentration. The changes in the plasma concentrations of lipoproteins and apolipoproteins A1 and B were almost identical on 2- and 4-dose insulin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Atherosclerosis 1990 Mar
PMID:Effect of different insulin regimens on plasma lipoprotein and apolipoprotein concentrations in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 218 32

The association of insulin with cardiovascular disease (CVD) may be mediated in part by the associations of insulin with CVD risk factors, particularly blood pressure and serum lipids. These associations were examined in 4576 black and white young adults in the CARDIA Study. Fasting insulin level was correlated in univariate analysis with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.16), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.13), triglycerides (r = 0.27), total cholesterol (r = 0.10), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (r = -0.25), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (r = 0.14), and with age, sex, race, glucose, body mass index, alcohol intake, cigarette use, physical activity, and treadmill duration (all p less than 0.0001). After adjustment for these covariates, insulin remained positively associated with blood pressure, triglycerides, total and LDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B and was negatively associated with HDL, HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I in all four race-sex groups. Higher levels of fasting insulin are associated with unfavorable levels of CVD risk factors in young adults; these associations, though relatively small, can be expected to increase the risk of atherosclerosis. Demonstration of these relationships in a large, racially diverse, healthy population suggests that insulin may be an important intermediate risk factor for CVD in a broad segment of the U.S. population.
 ...
PMID:Association of fasting insulin with blood pressure and lipids in young adults. The CARDIA study. 218 41

Oxidative modification of LDL is accompanied by a number of compositional and structural changes, including increased electrophoretic mobility, increased density, fragmentation of apolipoprotein B, hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine, derivatization of lysine amino groups, and generation of fluorescent adducts due to covalent binding of lipid oxidation products to apo B. In addition, oxidation of LDL has been shown to result in numerous changes in its biologic properties that could have pathogenetic importance, including accelerated uptake in macrophages, cytotoxicity, and chemotactic activity for monocytes. The present article summarizes very recent developments related to the mechanism of oxidation of LDL by cells, receptor-mediated uptake of oxidized LDL in macrophages, the mechanism of phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis during LDL oxidation, and other biologic actions of oxidized LDL including cytotoxicity, altered eicosanoid metabolism, and effects on the secretion of growth factors and chemotactic factors. In addition, this review will examine the evidence for the presence of oxidized LDL in vivo and the evidence that oxidized LDL plays a pathogenetic role in atherosclerosis.
 ...
PMID:Role of oxidatively modified LDL in atherosclerosis. 222 30

Plasma lipids and apolipoproteins were quantified in two kindreds of hypobetalipoproteinemia. All affected members were asymptomatic but showed a decrease of 75% in apolipoprotein B and of 69% in LDL-cholesterol. There were no major changes in apo A-I and A-II but all affected family members had reduced levels of apo C-II (by 58%) and C-III (by 59%) without significant decrease in apo C-I and no specific decrease of apo C-III1. Apolipoprotein E is decreased in SDS-PAGE. The plasma level and phenotype of Lp(a) are not affected by HBL, suggesting that a catabolic rather than a synthetic mechanism is responsible for the disease. As shown by density gradient ultracentrifugation, HDL2 particles that contain essentially apolipoprotein A-I, cholesterol and phospholipids represent in affected subjects the major part of HDL. Due to the net reduction of apolipoprotein B-containing particles (VLDL and LDL) as acceptors of lipids in HBL, there is an accumulation of large particles rich in cholesteryl esters.
Atherosclerosis 1990 Aug
PMID:Plasma lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in two kindreds of hypobetalipoproteinemia. 224 96

To determine whether an index estimating antagonism between low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) would improve separation between groups with and without coronary artherosclerosis, patients undergoing coronary catheterization (35 women and 99 men) were analysed for total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDLc), apolipoprotein A (apo A) and apolipoprotein B (apo B). The subjects were categorized as groups 0, 1, 2 or 3 according to the number of stenosed arteries (greater than 75% areal stenosis). Thirty of the patients showed no significant coronary atherosclerosis (group 0). Serum apo B and TC concentrations were directly related to the number of stenosed vessels, whereas the concentrations of apo A and HDLc were negatively correlated with the number of stenosed arteries. An 'atherogenic Index' (ATH index) calculated as the product of serum concentrations of apo B, and TC minus HDLc divided by the product of apo A and HDLc, proved more satisfactory than individual lipoprotein components for discrimination between subjects with and without stenosis. Accordingly, identification of coronary groups may be improved by using the ATH index.
 ...
PMID:Lipoprotein-related coronary risk factors in patients with angiographically defined coronary artery disease: relation to number of stenosed arteries. 226 39

Large (Sf greater than 100) and small (Sf 100-20) very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles were isolated by density gradient ultracentrifugation and characterized chemically in 8 patients with primary hypertriglyceridemia before and after 6 weeks treatment with 4 grammes daily of nicotinic acid (NA). Concomitant changes in high density lipoprotein (HDL) subclass distribution were determined by gradient gel electrophoresis. Small VLDL was subjected to lipolysis in vitro by incubation with bovine lipoprotein lipase before and after NA, and the change in the lipolytic end-product isolated in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction was investigated. Reductions were achieved in the plasma levels of triglycerides, free and esterified cholesterol, phospholipids and proteins in the two VLDL subfractions. In all, the composition of both large and small VLDL particles changed towards potentially less atherogenic particles that were poorer in cholesteryl esters. The HDL cholesterol concentration increased and the HDL protein distribution on gradient gel electrophoresis changed towards larger particles. The mechanism behind the change in cholesterol distribution between VLDL and HDL after NA treatment is unclear, but it could possibly relate to decreased lipid transfer activity. NA reduced the content of apolipoprotein B in both VLDL subclasses and did not decrease the calculated particle size or the number of triglyceride molecules per particle, indicating a reduction of VLDL particle number rather than of particle size. The LDL density fraction isolated after lipolysis in vitro of small VLDL contained less total cholesterol and phospholipids and had a density profile more similar to native LDL after the patients had been treated with NA.
Atherosclerosis 1990 Oct
PMID:Normalisation of the composition of very low density lipoprotein in hypertriglyceridemia by nicotinic acid. 228

The effects of fish oil supplements on plasma and platelet membrane lipids, lipoproteins, sex steroid hormones, glucose, insulin, platelet aggregation, and blood pressure in normal subjects (n = 13) and patients with essential hypertension (n = 13) were studied in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover study. Treatments consisted of 30 days of 5 g of n-3 fatty acids (ten 1-g capsules of fish oil daily) or placebo capsules (ten wheat germ oil capsules daily) with a one-month washout in between each crossover. Serum lipids and lipoproteins were measured before dosing and every two weeks during the study. Sex steroid hormones, glucose, insulin, and fatty acid composition in platelet membrane phospholipids were measured before dosing and at the end of each crossover. During treatment with fish oil, only the hypertensive had increases in total cholesterol (8%, p less than 0.026), LDL cholesterol (19%, p less than 0.006) and apolipoprotein B (18%, p less than 0.026). Serum androgens (total and free testosterone) were 30% lower in hypertensives than normotensives before any dosing, but were unchanged with placebo or fish oil capsules in either group. Plasma glucose, insulin, platelet aggregation, and the incorporation of n-3 fatty acids into platelet membrane phospholipid subfractions were similar in both normotensive and hypertensive men. Blood pressure was not affected by fish oil treatment in either group of men. These results provide evidence that fish oil may adversely affect serum lipids to yield an atherogenic lipid profile in hypertensive men.
Atherosclerosis 1990 Oct
PMID:Fish oil produces an atherogenic lipid profile in hypertensive men. 228 1

The impact of smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and body fat distribution (measured either directly by dual photon absorptiometry as abdominal fat% (AF%) or as the waist-to-hip ratio (WTH] on serum lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins was investigated in 148 early postmenopausal women. All the women were healthy and none were taking medication known to influence the parameters studied. Smokers had significantly higher levels of triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein B (P less than 0.05), and higher ratios of LDL-C/HDL-C and apolipoprotein B/A-I (P less than 0.01), but lower levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein A-I (P less than 0.01). Moderate alcohol consumption was positively associated with HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I (P less than 0.001). Body weight and body mass index (BMI) tended to be positively associated with an atherogenic lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profile. However, body fat distribution parameters (AF% and WTH) were stronger predictors of lipoproteins and apolipoproteins than were body weight and BMI, which did not seem to be independent predictors of lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. We conclude that cigarette smoking and a central fat distribution have a significant, independent, negative influence on lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins, whereas moderate alcohol consumption has a positive effect on these parameters in early postmenopausal women.
Atherosclerosis 1990 Oct
PMID:Influence of smoking, body fat distribution, and alcohol consumption on serum lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in early postmenopausal women. 228 2

A 59-year-old woman, one of 5 cases with familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia reported at our clinic to date, had nephrotic syndrome and diabetes mellitus, but had neither coronary atherosclerosis nor xanthoma. A renal biopsy specimen revealed a massive cluster of foam cells containing apolipoprotein B and E in the mesangial region of the kidney. A restricted diet intake combined with lipid-lowering drugs such as cholestyramine, clinofibrate, and bezafibrate, in addition to methylprednisolone was not very effective in lowering serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels within physiological ranges. Therefore, plasmapheresis, using a dextran sulfate-cellulose column, was performed. Repeated plasmapheresis resulted in a marked decrease in both serum total cholesterol and triglyceride. A second renal biopsy specimen performed 2 years later revealed a marked reduction in foam cells with concurrent improvement in her nephrotic syndrome and glucose intolerance. These results suggest that familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia may be responsible for glomerular lipidosis resulting in nephrotic syndrome. They also indicate that plasmapheresis using a dextran sulfate-cellulose column is very effective in the removal of abnormal lipoproteins such as beta-very low density lipoprotein and intermediate density lipoprotein in a case of familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia.
Atherosclerosis 1990 Jan
PMID:Effects of plasmapheresis on familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia associated with glomerular lipidosis, nephrotic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. 231 Apr 24


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>