Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lipoprotein concentrations were compared in serum and in samples of arterial intima obtained during cardiovascular surgery. The interval between blood sampling and surgery did not exceed 48 hours. Apolipoproteins B and C, the major proteins of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) respectivity, were detectable by immuno-assay in all arterial specimens. Highly significant positive correlations existed between the levels of lipoproteins in the intima and in serum. In patients with elevated serum VLDL levels (Type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia) arterial concentrations of apolipoproteins B and C were increased about two-fold; in those with raised LDL levels in serum (Type II), with or without concomitant elevation of VLDL levels, the concentration of apolipoprotein B was increased almost 5-fold in the arterial intima. The arterial wall therefore contains lipoproteins or their immunologically-similar metabolites at concentrations which are determined in part by serum lipoprotein levels.
Atherosclerosis
PMID:Lipoprotein concentrations in serum and in biopsy samples of arterial intima: a quantitive comparison. 17 26

A solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been developed for apolipoprotein B (apoB), a major constituent of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in man. Antisera were prepared against apoB in goats and rabbits, coupled to bromoacetyle cellulose, and the complex was incubated with [125I] LDL. The RIA was based on the displacement of [ 1252]-LDL by unknown samples, as compared with unlabeled LDL standards, using a logit transformation to calculate results. The RIA was found to be satisfactory in terms of precision, sensitivity, reproducibility and specificity. Control subjects had mean apoB levels of 94 mg/100 ml in whole fasting plasma, of which 3.6 mg/100 ml plasma were in the VLDL, while 86 mg/100 ml plasma were in the LDL. Both the triglyceride and apoB content of VLDL, and the cholesterol and apoB content of LDL were positively correlated. It is concluded that the solid phase radioimmunoassay described in the present report provides a rapid and relatively simple means of quantitating apoB in normal human plasma.
Atherosclerosis
PMID:Solid phase radioimmunoassay of apolipoprotein B (apo B) in normal human plasma. 18 80

The principal form of the serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) in man, baboon, rhesus monkey and pig was isolated by preparative ultracentrifugation in the density interval 1.024-1.045 g/ml. The physicochemical characteristics of pig LDL most closely resembled those of man; thus, electrophoretic studies suggested that both baboon and rhesus LDL have a greater surface charge than that of their human counterpart, and electron-microscopic investigations showed baboon LDL (245 A) to be larger and rhesus LDL (205 A) smaller than those of man (217 A) and pig (228 A). In contrast, the immunological relationship between LDL from the two Old World monkeys and that of man was much closer (80-85% cross-reactivity by micro-immunoprecipitation) than that between pig and man (35% cross-reactivity). The principal difference between pig and human LDL appeared to reside in their protein and carbohydrate moieties. There was a marked resemblance between the protein moieties (apo-LDL) of LDL from the four species. The principal component of each animal apo-LDL was separated by gel-filtration chromatography and amounted to greater than 95% of the total protein; it exhibited a high molecular weight (greater than 250,000) upon SDS-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and was indistinguishable from human apolipoprotein B in amino acid composition. Differences both between the apo-LDL and between the apo-B preparations from the four species, however, were detectable by immunological procedures. Such studies revealed inter-species relationships which were essentially the same as those observed between the respective native LDL preparations. The soluble apolipoproteins, present as minor components (less than 5%) of each apo-LDL, were compared by their electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gel; the pattern seen in baboon and rhesus apo-LDL appeared to be most closely akin to that typical of their human counterpart. It is apparent that many characteristics typical of human serum LDL are found in those of the pig, rhesus monkey and baboon. Moreover, in view of the striking relationship existing between the immunological properties and apo-protein components of the LDL of the two Old World monkeys and that of man, these subhuman primates appear to be highly suitable as animal models for experimental atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis
PMID:Comparison of the serum low density lipoprotein and of its apoprotein in the pig, rhesus monkey and baboon with that in man. 18 32

The intravenous fat tolerance test (IVFTT) has been introduced as a measure of the fractional catabolic rate of the endogenous triglyceride of plasma. To assess the validity of this test we have compared this test in 21 normal and hyperlipidaemic subjects with direct measurement of the fractional catabolic rate of autologous radio-iodinated VLDL. There was a strong positive correlation between the rate constant K2 of the IVFTT and the fractional catabolic rate of VLDL-apolipoprotein B (r=+0.87). The two rates were considerably different in magnitude. The IVFTT appears to be a valid index of the fractional catabolic rate of VLDL. Its limitations and uses are discussed.
Atherosclerosis 1977 Jan
PMID:Intravenous fat tolerance. Correlation with very low density lipoprotein apoprotein B kinetics in man. 18 78

The major component of the protein moiety of human LDL, i.e. apolipoprotein B, has been compared biochemically and immunologically with its counterpart in the LDL of several groups of animals (mammals, birds, snakes and fish). A marked resemblance was found in the amino acid composition of the apo-B fractions from all the phylogenetic groups, although immunological cross-reactivity with human apolipoprotein B occurred only in the case of non-human primate (Old World monkey), non-primate mammalian (pig and guinea pig) and bird (chicken) apo-B components (63%, 24% and about 8% respectively). The cross-reactivity of each animal apo-B component with its human counterpart was 7-14% lower than that observed between the parent LDL's. The resemblance in amino acid composition between the various apo-B preparations suggests that certain structural characteristics are required in this protein in order for it to bind and stabilise the lipid complement of serum LDL.
Atherosclerosis 1977 Oct
PMID:Biochemical and immunological evidence for the presence of an apolipoprotein B-like component in the serum low-density lipoproteins of several animal species. 19 7

The turnover of apolipoprotein B (apo B) in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) was investigated in 2 homozygous and 3 heterozygous patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia. The effects of a marked reduction in plasma LDL concentration, brought about by plasma exchange, upon apo B turnover were studied in 4 patients. Specific activity-time curves for the the plasma apo B after intravenous radioactive VLDL before plasma exchange indicated that in the heterozygotes all IDL-apo B was derived from VLDL and all LDL-apo B was derived from IDL, but the curves from the homozygotes showed that a significant fraction of the LDL in the plasma was not derived from IDL. Plasma exchange did not increase the rates of synthesis of LDL-apo B or VLDL-apo B and had no significant effect on the precursor--product relationship between IDL-apo B and LDL-apo B in heterozygous or homozygous patients. These findings provide no support for the hypothesis that apo B synthesis is controlled by the plasma LDL.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Mar
PMID:Metabolism of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in familial hypercholesterolaemia: effects of plasma exchange. 22 91

In animal studies, hypercholesterolemia induced by cholesterol feeding results in the plasma cholesterol being transported by lipoproteins of lower densities. Little information is available for humans. To determine the specific lipoprotein responses to dietary cholesterol challenge in humans, four volunteer subjects ingested a liquid formula diet containing 5000 mg of egg yolk cholesterol per day for 30 days and the changes in their lipoprotein fractions were examined. The high dietary cholesterol (above the range of normal diet) was associated with marked increases in apolipoprotein B and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. An elevated cholesterol : triglyceride ratio in the LDL fraction indicated that the diet altered both LDL level and composition. High density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein AI increased slightly. Very low and intermediate density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein E levels did not increase during the diet. Thus, high dietary cholesterol was associated with major changes in LDL level and composition, but only minor changes in the other lipoprotein fractions and suggested only minor accumulation of remnant particles.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Aug
PMID:Short-term egg yolk feeding in humans. Increase in apolipoprotein B and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. 22 79

Experimental studies have demonstrated regression of atheromatous lesions with diet and lipid lowering drugs. In order to confirm these results clinically, reliable angiographic methods of analysis must be developed along two lines: quantitative by consensus between independent "blinded" experts, qualitative by digitalizing radiological images. Given the reproducibility of these methods, a variation of 17 to 20% in the size of the atheromatous plaques should be required to affirm a change. Five studies have been performed in patients with atherosclerosis associated with variable degrees of hyperlipidaemia and compared with a control group. NHLBI type II: 59 out of 146 patients with type II hyperlipoproteinaemia were treated with cholestyramine for 5 years with reduction of the progression of > 50% stenosis but no evidence of regression (6%). CLAS: 80 out of 160 coronary patients were treated with cholestipol and nicotinic acid for 2 years and a reduction of progression and a regression of lesions were observed in 16% of cases. Nikkila: 28 coronary patients with hyperlipidaemia were given clofibrate or nicotinic acid for a 7 year period, stabilising the evolution but with no signs of regression. FATS: 74 of 120 coronary patients with apolipoprotein B concentrations of over 1.25 g/l were given lovastatine-cholestipol or nicotinic acid-cholestipol for 2.5 years: regression of coronary lesions was observed in 32 to 39% of cases depending on the treatment administered. Olsson: reported the same results for femoral atheroma with treatments associating fenofibrate and nicotinic acid: 20% regression and reduction of progression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Evaluation of trials on regression of atheromatous lesions with hypolipemic drugs]. 128 2

Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a decreased risk of coronary artery disease. The mechanism of the putative protective effect of alcohol intake, however, remains elusive. Recent studies suggest that a ratio of apolipoprotein A-I/apolipoprotein B and Lp(a) are better indicators of the risk of atherosclerosis than total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. To assess the effect of alcohol on these analytes, we determined the concentration of Lp(a), apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum of 12 patients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for alcohol dependence at the time of admission for treatment of alcohol withdrawal (before). The analyses were repeated after 4 weeks of supervised abstinence on a locked research unit (after). With abstinence, there was a significant increase in the concentration of Lp(a), the atherogenic index and the ratio of low-density to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol but a significant decrease in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, and the apolipoprotein A-I/B ratio. Apolipoprotein B and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed no significant changes before and after alcohol abstinence. Thus, decreased Lp(a) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I may be factors mediating the putative protective effect of alcohol in coronary artery disease.
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PMID:The effect of alcohol withdrawal on serum concentrations of Lp(a), apolipoproteins A-1 and B, and lipids. 821 36

The levels of the following blood serum lipid constituents: total cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, HDL-cholesterol, apolipoproteins AI, AII and B, and lipoprotein fractions have been determined in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes in relation to sex, age, duration of diabetes, coexistence of obesity, insulin dosage and history of genetic predispositions. The age of the patients was between 1.3 and 22 years and the duration of the disease ranged between 3 months and 15 years. The analysis of the results revealed that sex, age, daily insulin dose and the known genetic predispositions have no influence on the values of the parameters of lipid metabolism. However, an increase in the levels of cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoproteins AI and B was observed along with the progressing duration of the disease. An increase in the levels of cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and beta-lipoprotein, and a decrease in the level of alpha-lipoprotein have been found in diabetic children with coexisting obesity. The above analysis indicates that besides metabolic control of diabetes its duration and accompanying obesity may negatively influence the course of the disease contributing to the precocious development of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[Lipid metabolism in patients with insulin dependent diabetes. IV. Effect of sex, age, excess body weight, duration of diabetes, insulin dosage and family history on lipid metabolism in patients with insulin dependent diabetes]. 134 34


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