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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This work was undertaken to determine the comparative effects of metformin and phenformin on the development and the regression of atherosclerosis in cholesterol fed rabbits: 1. Both compounds reduced very significantly the elevated lipid content of plasma induced by a high cholesterol diet, they limited and sometimes suppressed the appearance of lipid deposits in the liver. Only metformin prevented the development of aortic and coronary lesions. 2. In rabbits fed a cholesterol enriched diet for a period of 2 months, followed by a normal diet during 12 months, both compounds accelerated the sponanteous regression of hyperlipidemia and of the excess lipids in the liver, observed in the corresponding controls. Only metformin promoted a marked elimination of arterial lipids and displayed a protective action against coronary atherosclerosis.
Paroi Arterielle 1979 Dec
PMID:Comparative effects of metformin and phenformin on the progression and regression of cholesterol induced athreosclerosis in rabbits. 55 75

Many of the morphologic and biochemical features of porcine coronary atherosclerosis produced by high cholesterol, high fat diet and propoylthiouracil returned to control values after cessation of the atherogenic regimen. These include disappearance of foam cells and a decrease in lipid content, DNA concentration, and DNA and protein synthesis. The morpholigic and biochemical features of te atherosclerotic lesions described herein were similar to those produced in swine and other species by a variety of inciting agents during both the progression and regression phase of the disease. These results indicate that the porcine propylthiouracil-diet model may be useful for the study of coronary lesions. Second, the similarities of response of arterial tissue in several experimental animals suggest the possibility that human coronary lesions by analogy may regress under therapeutic regimens.
Paroi Arterielle 1979 Dec
PMID:Morphological and biochemical changes in propylthiouracil-diet induced coronary atherosclerosis under a regression regimen. 55 77

Recent studies of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) at baseline have shown that their cholesterol levels are much less predictive of subsequent mortality than in populations free of CHD (FCHD). One previously suggested explanation of this attenuation is that the impact of hyperlipidemia on atherosclerosis or of atherosclerosis on mortality is reduced for post-myocardial infarction patients. In this paper it is shown that an alternative explanation is selection of CHD populations from FCHD populations for higher atherosclerosis levels. Data from all known follow-up studies on patients with baseline coronary angiograms are assembled to yield relations between cholesterol, atherosclerosis and mortality in CHD and FCHD populations. These data show that the selection hypothesis is not only logically possible but is also consistent with presently available epidemiologic information on relations between these three variables. An ethically impracticable large prospective study of a FCHD population with baseline angiograms might, however, be needed to choose definitively between the selection and reduced impact hypotheses.
Am J Epidemiol 1979 Dec
PMID:Selection on atherosclerosis as an explanation of the attenuated cholesterol-mortality relation in coronary heart disease populations. 55 90


Atherosclerosis 1977 Dec
PMID:The Masai, milk and the yogurt factor--an alternative explanation. 57 1

With the aid of a highly selective capillary column coated with SP 2340, individual trans-fatty acids were identified in all tissue samples studied, the values being unrelated to the degree of atherosclerosis. The mean values of total trans-acids present in human myocardium, jejunum and aorta amounted to less than 1% of the total fatty acids. The trans-acid content was composed of traces of 9-trans-tetradecenoic acid and nearly equal amounts of 9-trans-hexadecenoate and trans-octadecenoate, the double bond in the latter occurring in the delta6, delta9 and delta11 positions. 9-trans,12-trans-octadecadienoate or the corresponding mixed geometric isomers could not be identified in any sample. Additionally, significant increases of 20:4c(n-6), 22:4c(n-6) and 22:6c(n-3) acids were measured in the myocardium of patients who had died from severe atherosclerosis of the aorta and coronary arteries. The atherosclerosis was not attributable to different dietary habits, as judged from the content of linoleic acid in their adipose tissue.
Atherosclerosis 1977 Dec
PMID:Occurrence of individual trans-isomeric fatty acids in human myocardium, jejunum and aorta in relation to different degrees of atherosclerosis. 59 47

Ten studies in the literature concerning regression of rabbit atheroma were re-examined. In studies where cholesterol content was referred to weight, a degree of regression was noted in 3/4 studies. Such regression might at least partly have resulted from the dilution effect of the atheroma contents when results were expressed on a weight basis. By contrast, when results were referred to length or protein, partial regression was seen in only 1/4 studies. Mild atheroma induced by short-term cholesterol feeding did seem to regress in 2/2 studies.
Atherosclerosis 1977 Dec
PMID:Regression of atheroma in the rabbit. 59 48

The serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and the incidence of ischemic heart disease were studied in 122 (55 men and 67 women) consecutive heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemic patients in the Hokuriku district of Japan. (1) The mean +/-SD of serum cholesterol level was 354.0 +/- 71.0 mg/100 ml, which was lower than those of the Western countries by about 60--70 mg/100 ml. (2) The mean +/-SD of serum triglyceride level was 116.5 +/- 54.0 mg/100 ml. (3) The average serum cholesterol values in the 20--50-year-old group showed no differences from those of the Western countries. However, in the above 50 years of age group the serum cholesterol levels were much lower than those in the United States. (4) The occurrence of ischemic heart disease in 83 heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemic patients was 43.3%. The incidence of myocardial infarction was 20.5%. Thus, familial hypercholesterolemia is as highly atherogenic as that of the Western countries even in Japan where the low incidence of coronary heart disease in the general population has been attributed to the low level of serum cholesterol.
Atherosclerosis 1977 Dec
PMID:Serum lipids and coronary heart disease in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in the Hokuriku District of Japan. 59 49

An organ culture technique was used to investigate the removal of fatty acids incorporated into various lipid fractions in intimal segments of atherosclerotic rabbit aorta. Segments of aorta were pulse-labelled in vitro with [9,10-3H]oleic acid and [1-14C]linoleic acid for 24 h. The incubation medium was replaced with non-radioactive medium and the removal of the endogenously labelled phospholipid, triglyceride and cholesterol ester was followed for a further period of 10 days. Fatty acids incorporated into phospholipid and triglyceride were removed rapidly from the aortic intima, with fractional half-times of 4--5 days. Cholesterol ester fatty acids were removed more slowly from the aortic intima with fractional half-times of 9--12 days. When the removal rate of oleic acid incorporated into phospholipid, triglyceride and cholesterol ester was compared with that of linoleic acid incorporated into the same lipid fractions, no difference between removal of the two fatty acids could be detected with respect to any of the 3 lipid fractions.
Atherosclerosis 1977 Dec
PMID:Removal of fatty acid labelled cholesterol ester, phospholipid and triglyceride from atherosclerotic rabbit aorta in vitro. 59 50

Six strains of genetically defined JAX rabbits were tested for their serum cholesterol levels (total and free) in response to a 0.5% cholesterol diet. Marked differences in response between the 6 strains were found. IIIVO/J and WH/J are low responding strains, X/J and ACEP/J are intermediate responding strains, and OS/J and AX/J are high responding strains. After 4 weeks of the cholesterol diet the total serum cholesterol level of the high responding AX/J strain was about 5-fold greater than the level of the low responding IIIVO/J strain. The esterified/total (E/T) ratio appeared to be higher in the high responding strains, indicating a synergistic effect in the process of atherosclerosis. The response of the individual rabbits to the cholesterol diet was compared with the patterns of serum and liver esterase zymograms. This comparison indicated a correlation of the dietary cholesterol susceptibility with the presence or absence of the esterase zones in the anodal, fast moving region of the gel.
Atherosclerosis 1977 Dec
PMID:Strain differences in response to dietary cholesterol by JAX rabbits: correlation with esterase patterns. 59 51

A study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that an abnormally high concentration of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase in atherosclerotic microsomes is partly responsible for augmented esterification of cholesterol. We approached the problem indirectly by measuring the incorporation of radioactivity into cholesteryl ester from [1-14C]palmityl-CoA in normal microsomes after enrichment of their concentration of microsomal free cholesterol to levels characteristic of atherosclerotic microsomes. Elevation of free cholesterol content induced increased cholesterol esterification approximately linearly over the range studied. The cholesterol-esterifying activity of atherosclerotic microsomes was not greater than that of normal microsomes having the same concentration of cholesterol. The results suggest that, with acyl-CoA constant, augmented cholesterol esterification in atherosclerotic microsomes is an effect of high microsomal cholesterol concentrations and not due to an increase in the concentration of the enzyme.
Atherosclerosis 1977 Dec
PMID:Studies of the mechanism of augmented synthesis of cholesteryl ester in atherosclerotic rabbit aortic microsomes. 59 52


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