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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Measurements of carotid artery wall thickness are often used as a surrogate for atherosclerosis. However, few studies have performed these measurements in populations of Mexican origin. Since Mexicans in Mexico City consume high-carbohydrate diets and have carbohydrate-induced dyslipidemia (high triglyceride and low HDL cholesterol levels) compared with Mexican Americans living in San Antonio, Tex, we questioned whether they also had more atherosclerosis than San Antonio Mexican Americans. Mean maximum intimal-medial thickness (IMT) of the common (CCA) and internal (ICA) carotid arteries were measured in 867 subjects aged 35 to 64 years (40% men) in two Mexican-origin populations, one from San Antonio (n = 202) and the other from Mexico City (n = 665). IMT's in the two cities were compared, and their associations with cardiovascular risk factors were analyzed. Older age, male sex, high levels of total cholesterol, low levels of HDL cholesterol, and high systolic blood pressure were positively associated with both CCA IMT and ICA IMT. Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with ICA IMT. CCA and ICA IMTs in diabetic subjects were thicker than in nondiabetic subjects in both men and women (all P < = .05). CCA IMT was thicker in the San Antonio than the Mexico City subjects after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors (0.81 versus 0.76 mm in men and 0.77 versus 0.71 mm in women; P < .001 for city difference). San Antonio men also had thicker ICA IMT than their counterparts in Mexico City (0.88 versus 0.83 mm), but the reverse was true for women (0.73 versus 0.77 mm; interaction between sex and city, P < .05). Our results indicate that men had higher carotid IMTs than women. CCA IMT was thicker in San Antonio Mexican Americans than in Mexico City residents. The differences in ICA IMTs between San Antonio and Mexico City were inconsistent. Thus, since Mexico City residents consume high-carbohydrate diets, the data do not support an atherogenic effect of such diets. The interaction between sex and city on ICA IMT deserves further study.
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PMID:Ultrasonographically assessed maximum carotid artery wall thickness in Mexico City residents and Mexican Americans living in San Antonio, Texas. Association with diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors. 891 Dec 78

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease on the process of subclinical atherosclerosis in originally borderline hypertensives. The relation of far wall common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT CCA) measured by B-mode ultrasound to smoking, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, lipids, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism was analyzed. In 48 subjects examined (mean age, 61.9 +/- 2.54 years), median IMT CCA was 0.708 mm. Statistically significant differences in BMI (26.5 vs. 29.2 kg/m2, p < 0.025) and HDL-cholesterol level (1.42 vs. 1.1 mmol/l, p < 0.025) between the first and third tertile of IMT CCA were found. No differences were observed between "controls" and "cases" in blood pressure, total cholesterol, and triacylglycerols. No significant differences in IMT CCA were found between smokers and nonsmokers and among different alleles of the ACE gene. These data reflect the importance of HDL-cholesterol and BMI on the process of atherosclerosis within an otherwise homogeneous group of patients.
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PMID:Intima-media thickness of carotid arteries in borderline hypertensives. 992 19

B-mode ultrasound may be used to measure the intima-media thickness (IMT) in subjects with a history of atherosclerosis. The variability between measurements depends on the subjective interpretation of ultrasonographers and readers. The two carotid arteries, subdivided in common (CCA), bulbus (BUL) and internal (ICA) of 10 men with proven coronary disease, were scanned twice by two ultrasonographers with a 1-week interval. The IMTs were measured off-line by two readers. The number of IMT measurements was 75 (94%) of 80 in the CCA, 61 (76%) of 80 in the BUL and 43 (54%) of 80 in the ICA segment. In the CCA segment, the agreement between readers (mean = 0.02 mm; limits: -0.26 to +0.3 mm) and between visits for each reader separately (reader 1: mean = 0.01 mm; limits: -0.33 to +0.35 mm and, reader 2: mean = 0.04 mm; limits: -0.36 to +0.44 mm) was better than in the more distal segments. Therefore, it is concluded that IMT measurements are best performed in the CCA segment.
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PMID:An in vivo evaluation of the reproducibility of intima-media thickness measurements of the carotid artery segments using B-mode ultrasound. 1037 76

Ultrasonic evaluation of the intima-media thickness in the common carotid artery (IMT-CCA) has been widely used as a marker of atherosclerosis. However, the definition of IMT-CCA is not uniform and it includes two quite different pathological changes; a general intima-media thickening and a local atherosclerotic change (plaque formation). The aim of this paper was to evaluate the IMT-CCA and local atherosclerosis separately, and to clarify how the IMT-CCA itself changes with age and how local plaques influence the relationship between the IMT-CCA and age. The subjects were 979 men and women aged 40 to 79 years who participated in the first wave examination of the National Institute for Longevity Sciences--Longitudinal Study of Aging (NILS-LSA). The IMT-CCA measured at the thinnest point was significantly higher in men (0.61 +/- 0.15 mm) than in women (0.58 +/- 0.14 mm, p < 0.01) and it increased with age (trend p < 0.0001) in both genders. The IMT-CCA was higher with the presence of plaque in the bulbs (PLQ-BLB) than without PLQ-BLB (p < 0.0001). Although this was a cross-sectional study, the IMT-CCA increased 0.06 mm/10 years with PLQ-BLB and 0.04 mm/10 years without PLQ-BLB. The IMT-CCA could be partially explained by age, gender and PLQ-BLB (r2 = 0.317). In this middle-aged and elderly population, an increase in the IMT-CCA showed a moderate relationship with local atherosclerosis and age.
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PMID:Ultrasonic evaluation of common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT)--influence of local plaque on the relationship between IMT and age. 1083 23

Although a number of epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between ss-carotene and the risk of cardiovascular diseases, there has been little research on the role of lycopene, an acyclic form of ss-carotene, with regard to the risk of cardiovascular disease. We investigated the relationship between plasma concentrations of lycopene and intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery wall (CCA-IMT) in 520 middle-aged men and women (aged 45 to 69 years) in eastern Finland. They were examined from 1994 to 1995 at the baseline of the Antioxidant Supplementation in Atherosclerosis Prevention (ASAP) study, a randomized trial concerning the effect of vitamin E and C supplementation on atherosclerotic progression. The subjects were classified into 2 categories according to the median concentration of plasma lycopene (0.12 micromol/L in men and 0.15 micromol/L in women). Mean CCA-IMT of the right and left common carotid arteries was 1.18 mm in men and 0.95 mm in women with plasma lycopene levels lower than the median and 0.97 mm in men (P:<0.001 for difference) and 0.89 mm in women (P:=0.027 for difference) with higher levels of plasma lycopene. In ANCOVA adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and intake of nutrients, in men, low levels of plasma lycopene were associated with a 17.8% increment in CCA-IMT (P:=0.003 for difference). In women, the difference did not remain significant after the adjustments. We conclude that low plasma lycopene concentrations are associated with early atherosclerosis, manifested as increased CCA-IMT, in middle-aged men living in eastern Finland.
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PMID:Low plasma lycopene concentration is associated with increased intima-media thickness of the carotid artery wall. 1111 71

Remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) have been implicated in the early development of atherosclerosis. We tested this hypothesis by quantifying the plasma concentration of remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C) in a cohort of healthy 50-year-old men in whom the common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) was assessed by B-mode ultrasound as a surrogate marker for atherosclerosis. The subjects were given a fat-rich meal to study the generation of RLP-C during postprandial lipemia. Fasting plasma RLP-C and other major fasting plasma lipids and lipoproteins were determined twice, and the mean RLP-C concentration was strongly correlated with CCA-IMT (r = 0.32, P = 0.002). In addition, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (r = 0.25, P = 0.01) and plasma triglycerides (r = 0.20, P = 0.05) were significantly related to CCA-IMT. Multivariate analyses showed a triglyceride-independent contribution of RLP-C to CCA-IMT. After fat intake, the median plasma RLP-C concentration was doubled after 3 h. The increase was strongly related to the postprandial generation of TRL apolipoprotein (apo)B-48, and large (S(f) 60;-400) TRL apoB-100. The association with CCA-IMT was somewhat stronger for the 3-h RLP-C level than for the fasting RLP-C concentration [r = 0.27, P < 0.01 (3 h) compared with r = 0.22, P < 0.05 (0 h)]. We conclude that the plasma concentration of RLP-C is related to CCA-IMT, independent of plasma triglycerides and LDL cholesterol, in a healthy middle-aged male population. - Karpe, F., S. Boquist, R. Tang, G. M. Bond, U. de Faire, and A. Hamsten. Remnant lipoproteins are related to intima-media thickness of the carotid artery independently of LDL cholesterol and plasma triglycerides. J. Lipid Res. 2001. 42: 17;-21.
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PMID:Remnant lipoproteins are related to intima-media thickness of the carotid artery independently of LDL cholesterol and plasma triglycerides. 1116 Mar 61

We hypothesize that smokers with the null genotype for GSTM1 (GSTM1-0), who thus lack the detoxification enzyme glutathione S-transferase mu-1, develop atherosclerosis at an increased rate compared to smokers with the positive genotype (GSTM1-1). We used data from a 2-year randomized placebo-controlled trial on the effect of vitamin E on atherosclerosis among 189 male smokers. Progression of atherosclerosis was measured by 2-year change of the common carotid intima media thickness (CCA-IMT) as measured by B-mode ultrasonography. The frequency of GSTM1-0 genotype was 0.5 in both the placebo and the vitamin E group. Smokers with GSTM1-0 genotype had a tendency to higher baseline CCA-IMT values than those with GSTM1-1 (0.97 versus 0.92 mm, P=0.09). Within the placebo group, more CCA-IMT progression was found for smokers with the GSTM1-0 than for smokers with the GSTM1-1 genotype after adjustment for baseline IMT and major CVD risk factors (0.050 versus -0.002 mm, P=0.046). In the vitamin E group no effect of GSTM1 genotype on atherosclerosis progression was found. Overall, smokers with GSTM1-0 genotype had a higher mean 2-year progression compared to those with GSTM1-1 as shown by a difference in increase of 0.042 mm (95% CI 0.006; 0.078, P=0.02). In conclusion, our data suggest that smokers lacking the detoxifying enzyme GST mu-1 develop progression of atherosclerosis at an increased rate.
Atherosclerosis 2001 Sep
PMID:Effect of glutathione S-transferase M1 genotype on progression of atherosclerosis in lifelong male smokers. 1150 Jan 95

An increase in the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (CCA-IMT) is generally considered as an early marker of atherosclerosis and has been associated with a higher risk of stroke and myocardial infarction. There is no evidence of an association between the IMT and cerebral bleeding. We investigated cross-sectionally the diagnostic ability of vascular risk factors, including CCA-IMT, to distinguish between brain infarction (BI) and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Patients suffering from BI (n = 126) had significantly (p < 0.05) higher CCA-IMT when compared to the ICH population (n = 30). The multinomial logistic regression procedure selected CCA-IMT as an independent factor able to discriminate between BI and ICH. The risk of BI versus ICH increased continuously with increasing CCA-IMT. After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors the odds ratio for BI per 0.1 mm CCA-IMT increase was 1.29 (95% CI: 1.03-1.61). The present results demonstrate the possible predictive power of non-invasive measurement of the CCA-IMT with respect to BI versus ICH and deserve further investigation.
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PMID:Common carotid artery intima-media thickness in patients with brain infarction and intracerebral haemorrhage. 1502 10

The aim of the work was to examine the degree of carotid stenosis, the structure of atherosclerotic plaques, and the predominance of the main vascular risk factors in patients with multiple lacunar and comparatively large "non-lacunar" cerebral infarctions. A study WAS made of the data on 110 patients (mean age 62.5 years) with multiple cerebral infarctions revealed by MRT and with stenoses of the internal carotid artery (ICA) of varying degrees of severity. Minor lacunar infarctions (LI) were present in 62 cases whereas comparatively large "non-lacunar" infarctions (NLI) in 48 cases. All the patients underwent standard neurologic examination, laboratory analyses, MRT of the brain with angiography (MRA) of the extra-intrecrania1 vessels, transcranial Doppler (TCD), and examination of the heart for revealing the cardioembolic nature of cerebral infarctions. Among patients with both LI and NLI, arterial hypertension was the most frequently occurring risk factor in 53 (85%) and 35 (73%) patients respectively. In the study groups, there were no appreciable differences in the incidence of high hematocrit, hyperfibrinogenemia, tobacco-smoking, and diabetes mellitus. Patients with NLI demonstrated hypercholesterolemia, CAD and atherosclerosis of the peripheral vessels significantly more often (p<0.05). In the patient group with NLI, hemodynamically significant stenoses of the ICA were predominant: in 18 (37.5%) patients, they were moderate, in 12 (25%) critical, and 7 (14.6%) patients had occlusions whereas in LI, the portion of critical stenoses and ICA occlusions was cooperatively low - in 11 (17.7%) and in 5 (8.1%) patients respectively. Both groups showed the thickening of the complex of the medial CCA layer. Ultrasonopraphy of the vessels has revealed that in patients with NLI and LI, there predominated potentially embologenic plaques, namely in 69% and in 53% of cases, respectively. Our investigations allow to assume that arterial hypertension is the most frequently occurring risk factor of cerebral infarction (both minor lacunar and large "non-lacunar"). Factors such as CAD, hypercholesterolemia, DM, hemorheological disorders, end tobacco-smoking are likely to have an unfavorable impact on both general and cerebral hemodynamics as well as on the microcirculatory bed whereby being on the whole important risk factors of cerebral infarction. Hemodynamically significant stenoses, especially critical ones, occlusions, and embologenic plaques of the ICA are pathogenetically closely linked with the development of "non-lacunar" cerebral infarctions. At the same time they, under certain conditions, may become the cause of multiple lacunar cerebral infarctions.
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PMID:[The status of carotid arteries and the main vascular risk factors in cerebral infarctions of "anterior circulation"]. 1516 92

It has been shown that common carotid intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) is a useful outcome measure in clinical studies and intervention trials reflecting early stage of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk. The present study examined the association between CCA-IMT and incident ischemic stroke and its subtypes in 75 cases and 21 controls. Cases with ischemic brain infarctions (IBI) were consecutively recruited and classified into subtypes by CT and Bamford's classification (the size and site of infarct) like total anterior circulation infarcts (TACIs), partial anterior circulation infarcts (PACIs), posterior circulation infarcts (POCIs) or lacunar infarcts (LACIs). Controls were recruited among individuals hospitalized at the same institutions and matched for age and sex. Patients and control subjects underwent B-mode ultrasonographic measurements of IMT of the distal wall of both common carotid arteries. Of 75 patients with an acute ischemic stroke, 10 (14%) were classified as TACIs, 34 (45%) with PACIs, 12 (16%) with POCIs and 19 (25%) with LACIs. Mean CCA-IMT was higher in cases (1.03+/-0.18 mm) than in controls (0.85+/-0.18 mm; p<0.0001). The difference in CCA-IMT between cases and controls was significant and the relation between CCA-IMT and IBI remained after adjustment for main cardiovascular risk factors. Regarding the subtypes of IBI, IMT values were significantly higher in patients with TACIs and PACIs versus those with LACIs and POCIs. An increased CCA-IMT was associated with the all subtypes IBI and was significantly higher in those with anterior circulation infarcts versus posterior circulation and lacunar infarcts.
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PMID:Intima-media thickness of common carotid artery, carotid atherosclerosis and subtypes of ischemic cerebral disease. 1552 5


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