Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Post-heparin lipase activities were measured in normolipemic men with complaints suggestive of symptomatic coronary artery disease. A study group, who showed diffuse atherosclerotic narrowing of the coronary vessels, assessed by a quantitative computer-assisted analysis method, had a lowered hepatic lipase in comparison with a group with normal angiograms. Lipoprotein lipase was lower in the study group but well within the normal range and not statistically different. Some related hormones (cortisol, estradiol, testosterone and glucagon) were different in the two groups while others (insulin, human growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid hormones) were not. The results are discussed in view of the proposed role of hepatic lipase in the uptake of HDL-cholesterol by the liver.
Atherosclerosis 1983 Sep
PMID:Post-heparin lipases, lipids and related hormones in men undergoing coronary arteriography to assess atherosclerosis. 635 16

Two progestins with different androgenic activity were compared for their effects on plasma high density lipoproteins and postheparin plasma lipase activities in premenopausal women. Levonorgestrel, a nortestosterone-derived steroid with androgenic activity reduced plasma HDL cholesterol by 17% (P less than 0.05) and HDL2 cholesterol by 30% (P less than 0.05), without changing the HDL3 cholesterol concentration. At the same time the postheparin plasma hepatic lipase activity was increased by 56% (P less than 0.01) whereas the lipoprotein lipase was not changed. None of these effects was reproduced during administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate, a progestin with low androgenic activity. The results suggest, first, that the decrease of HDL cholesterol observed during treatment with progestins is related to the androgenic activity of the steroid used, and, second, that the change in HDL (HDL2) is caused by androgen-induced increase of hepatic lipase activity.
Atherosclerosis
PMID:Different effects of two progestins on plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL2) and postheparin plasma hepatic lipase activity. 646 May 9

A detailed histochemical study of the macrophage involvement during experimental atherogenesis in rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys was performed. Aortic, carotid, and femoral artery lesions were examined in both species after 4, 8, and 12 months of atherogenic diet feeding. Macrophages were identified and quantified in the atherosclerotic lesions using acid lipase, acid esterase, beta-galactosidase, and cytochrome oxidase histochemical procedures. Morphometric quantitation revealed that the cynomolgus monkey arterial lesions were larger and consistently demonstrated a greater number of cells with characteristics of macrophages in the intimal, medial, and adventitial portion of the arteries when compared to the primarily intimal rhesus monkey lesions. Biochemical assays of aortic samples for acid lipase and acid esterase activity also showed consistently higher activities in the cynomolgus samples when compared to the rhesus samples. Average serum cholesterol levels were higher in the cynomolgus monkeys than in the rhesus monkeys, but the differences in the arterial lesions still existed when animals with overlapping cholesterol levels were compared. Macrophages and their associated activities predominated in experimental cynomolgus monkey atherosclerosis when it was compared to the rhesus disease process, which may be an explanation for some of the differences in atherogenesis reported in these two species.
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PMID:Histochemical detection and quantification of macrophages in rhesus and cynomolgus monkey atherosclerotic lesions. 650 64

Immunochemical methods for selective measurement of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities in rat postheparin plasma are described and validated. Lipoprotein lipase was measured using a substrate containing 10% serum and 0.1 M NaCl after inactivation of hepatic lipase with a specific antiserum. Hepatic lipase was measured at 1.0 M NaCl with a serum-free substrate. The heparin dose-response curve indicated maximum relase of both activities at a heparin dose of 500 IU/kg. The lipase activities in rat postheparin plasma were 3 to 4-fold higher than those in human postheparin plasma. The LPL activity in female rats was significantly higher than in males whereas there was no sex difference for hapatic lipase.
Atherosclerosis 1980 Apr
PMID:Immunochemical assay of rat postheparin plasma triacylglycerol lipases. 699 Sep 38

The effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on prostacyclin production in rat aortic smooth muscle cells was investigated by using an intact cell assay system. T3 at its physiological concentrations has no significant effect on smooth muscle cell proliferation, but it does significantly stimulate prostacyclin production by the cells. Maximum stimulation of prostacyclin production is obtained when cells are treated with T3 for 4 consecutive days. The dose--response curve shows a linear relationship between the stimulation of prostacyclin production and T3 concentrations in the range 0.007--10 microgram/dl. The maximal prostacyclin production by T3-treated cells (at a concentration of 10 microgram/dl), is 270% compared with control cells. T3 treatment shows no significant effect on phospholipase (and/or lipase) activities. Our results suggest that thyroid hormone might play an important physiological role in the protection of arteries from atherosclerotic changes by stimulating prostacyclin production in arterial smooth muscle cells.
Atherosclerosis 1981 Jul
PMID:Triiodothyronine stimulates prostacyclin production by rat aortic smooth muscle cells in culture. 702 Jul 10

A number of studies has shown that the plasma levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) are increased by regular aerobic exercise. The plasma HDL, particularly HDL2, is regulated by the activity of 2 endothelial lipases, viz. lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL), which both can be assayed in postheparin plasma. In the present study the plasma levels of HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol and the postheparin plasma lipase activities were related to parameters of physical fitness obtained from a pulse conducted maximal bicycle ergometer test. There was a significant positive correlation between HDL2 cholesterol and physical fitness (r = 0.52, P less than 0.01). On the other hand, the postheparin plasma hepatic lipase activity showed a significant negative correlation to physical fitness (r = -0.57, P less than 0.01). The HDL2 cholesterol was inversely correlated with the HL activity (r = 0.57, P less than 0.001). Application of partial correlation analysis to the data showed that the relationship between HDL2 cholesterol and fitness disappeared by keeping the HL activity constant whereas the correlation between HDL2 and HL was not influenced by fitness. The relation of HDL2 to fitness was independent in body fat and basal plasma insulin level; in addition the relationship between HL and fitness was not accounted for by body fatness. No relationship was found between physical fitness and LPL activity or between HDL3 and fitness. The results support the hypothesis that hepatic endothelial lipase has a role in the regulation of plasma HDL2 cholesterol and that the activity of this enzyme decreases upon increase of physical fitness.
Atherosclerosis 1982 Feb
PMID:Plasma high density lipoproteins HDL2, HDL3 and postheparin plasma lipases in relation to parameters of physical fitness. 706 71

Arteriosclerotic lesions were formed in rat aorta by the administration of vitamin D2, a high-fat diet and a thyroid suppressing agent. This treatment increased the serum total cholesterol level to 12 times the control level. In the arteriosclerotic lesions that were induced the activities of lysosomal enzymes, such as acid phosphatase and acid lipase, were higher than in controls, that of acid cholesterol esterase was decreased, those of microsomal lipid-synthesizing enzymes--such as acyl-CoA synthetase and cholesterol ester synthesizing activity--were increased and that of neutral cholesterol esterase was decreased. These data suggest that lipid metabolism in arteriosclerotic lesions was changed, resulting in the accumulation of cholesterol esters in the aorta. Administration of high-fat diet and thyroid suppressing agent also increased the serum cholesterol levels to 12-fold the control level, but did not induce arteriosclerotic lesions. After this treatment the activities of hydrolyzing enzymes, such as acid and neutral cholesterol esterase and lipase, in the aorta increased, but the activities of lipid synthesizing enzymes also increased. These data suggest that lipid metabolism in the aorta in this condition changed to compensate for the large influx of serum lipids and to prevent arteriosclerosis. The roles of the serum lipid level, cell injury and lipid metabolism in the aorta in forming arteriosclerotic lesions are discussed on the basis of these results.
Atherosclerosis 1982 May
PMID:Lipid metabolism in arteriosclerotic arterial wall of rats. 709 82

It is generally accepted that the cell population of naturally occurring and experimental atherosclerotic lesions is constituted by smooth muscle cells and non-myogenic foam cells of monocytic origin. In the present investigation we studied aortic fatty streaks from cholesterol-fed African green monkeys. In addition to the traditionally recognized cell types, the majority of the lesions examined contained intimal granulocytic cells identified by their ultrastructural characteristics and granular content as neutrophils, mast cells-basophils, and eosinophils. The neutrophils, and mast cells-basophils additionally contained numerous cytoplasmic lipid droplets. The consistent observation of these cell types in our material suggests that these granulocytic elements are part of the cell population of fatty streaks. The role of these cells is not clear as yet, but it is likely that the enzymatic activity of neutrophils such as lipase, phospholipases A and B, elastase and collagenase may play a role in the clearing of arterial lipid as well as in arterial wall remodeling. The content and release of heparin and histamine by basophils and mast cells may play a role in preventing thrombus formation and in promoting lipolysis. Eosinophil peroxidase may activate histamine release by basophils and mast cells. The cytoplasmic lipid accumulation by neutrophils, basophils and mast cells may in turn contribute to the population of foam cells in these lesions.
Atherosclerosis 1982 Jun
PMID:The cell population of aortic fatty streaks in African green monkeys with special reference to granulocytic cells. An ultrastructural study. 711 63

The characteristics and properties of lipid metabolism in the aorta and the brain microvessels of rabbits were investigated to clarify the role of lipid metabolism in formation of atherosclerosis. In rabbit aorta, cholesterol esterase and lipase each had an acidic and a neutral optimum pH, whereas acyl-CoA synthetase, acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase, triglyceride synthesizing activity and choline phosphotransferase each had one neutral optimum pH. These pH optima were similar to those in rats. High cholesterol diet induced atheromatous lesions in the aorta, but not in the brain microvessels. In atheromatous aorta, the acid lipase and acid phosphatase activities were higher than in controls, but not the acid cholesterol esterase activity. Moreover the activities of neutral lipase, acyl-CoA synthetase, acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase, triglyceride synthesis and choline phosphotransferase were increased, but neutral cholesterol esterase activity was normal. These data suggest that lipis metabolism in the atheromatous aorta is changed in a manner favoring accumulation of lipids, especially cholesterol esters. In controls, most of the above enzyme activities in the brain microvessels were higher than those in the aorta. However, these enzyme activities in the brain microvessels were not changed by cholesterol feeding. Thus it is suggested that the properties of lipid metabolism in the aorta and brain microvessels, including permeability of lipoproteins into the vessel walls, are important in formation of atherosclerosis in addition to the serum factors.
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PMID:Lipid metabolism in the aorta and the brain microvessels of rabbits on high cholesterol diet. 718 94

The paper discusses changes in the activity of lipolytic enzymes in blood plasma of rats before and after heparin administration in the course of experimental atherosclerosis development. This development was shown to be characterized by an abrupt rise of preheparin plasma level (comparatively to normal) and of monoacylglycerolipase and tributyrinase activity, with this rise being unchanged throughout the experiment. An increase in the postheparin plasma activity of heparin-dependent lipolytic enzymes, lipoprotein lipase, triacylglycerolipase, monoacylglycerolipase, and tributyrinase was seen only in the initial stage of the disease. After 30-40 weeks the activity of the enzymes was below normal. It is concluded that the increased activity of lipoproteid lipase and triacylglycerolipase is related to their activation in the blood channel.
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PMID:[Changes in the lipolytic enzymatic activity of the blood in rats maintained on an atherogenic diet]. 726 45


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