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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bilaterally vasectomized langur monkeys were compared with age matched sham operated controls for biochemical constituents of the blood following 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 years of surgery. No appreciable changes were observed in blood glucose and blood urea and serum total protein, total lipid, phospholipid, total cholesterol, sialic acid, electrolytes (chloride, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, copper and zinc) and enzymes (LDH, alkaline phosphatase SGOT and SGPT) suggesting that long-term vasectomy does not cause adverse effects on general body metabolism including atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Effect of vasectomy on biochemical constituents of the blood in langur monkey--a 2 1/2 years follow up. 653 74

During his whole life man drinks water - about 2 litres in 24 hours for an adult in the countries with moderate climate. Usually, drinking water contains many microelements. Their type and concentration depend mainly on the geochemical characteristic of the earth layers. The pollution of waters by industrial enterprises has, very likely, an effect on the content of microelements. According to literature data, in epidemiological studies information was collected, providing grounds to admit that some microelements have an effect ion atherosclerosis advancement. The results obtained are not convincing enough to judge if a casual relationship exists between the microelements in the drinking water and atherosclerosis advancement. In order to supplement the existing studies, the authors carried out investigations to elucidate the role of some microelement in the progress of experimental atherosclerosis. The results obtained provided grounds to claim that the microelements chromium, zinc, lead, cadmium, vanadium stimulate or restrict the advancement of experimental atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[Effect of several microelements contained in drinking water on the development of atherosclerosis]. 667 17

The effects of dietary linoleic acid on the serum level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and its relationship with the tissue status of zinc and copper were examined in adult male rats fed diets differing in the amount of linoleic acid. One group of 9 animals was fed a diet containing hydrogenated coconut oil (4%) and the other was fed a diet containing coconut oil (3.4%) plus linoleic acid (0.6%). Both diets were isocalorically formulated with the equal levels of minerals and other nutrients and contained cholesterol at 1% level. During a 6-week experiment, no differences were observed in food intake and body weight between the two groups. The feeding of linoleic acid produced a significant decrease in serum HDL cholesterol level at 6 weeks and no changes in other lipoproteins and total serum cholesterol and triglyceride. Dietary linoleic acid also significantly lowered the concentrations of zinc in serum and tibia at 6 weeks, while it had no effect on copper contents in these tissues. No changes were observed in the concentration of either zinc or copper in the liver. Linear regression analysis of the 18 pairs of serum zinc and HDL values at 6 weeks indicated a significant positive correlation (r = +0.65; P less than 0.01) between the two parameters. No such relationships were shown between tibia zinc and serum HDL, and between tissue copper and serum HDL. The results indicate that dietary linoleic acid at a relatively low level produces a decrease in serum HDL cholesterol without significantly lowering total serum cholesterol and that the decrease in HDL cholesterol due to linoleic acid feeding is significantly correlated with the reduction in serum zinc level.
Atherosclerosis 1984 Feb
PMID:Effect of dietary linoleic acid on the tissue levels of zinc and copper, and serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol. 671 66

Although there is no evidence for a direct cause-effect relationship between mineral and trace element status and atherosclerosis in humans, many elements exert a strong influence on individual risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as disorders of blood lipids, blood pressure, coagulation, glucose tolerance, and circulating insulin. Studies in humans and animals have shown that optimal intakes of elements such as sodium, magnesium, calcium, chromium, copper, zinc, and iodine can reduce individual risk factors; some of these studies are consistent with the results of epidemiologic correlations. Influences of local geochemical environment and of dietary practices can result in mineral and trace element imbalances; deficiencies of chromium, iron, copper, zinc, selenium, and iodine are well defined. Detection and correction of such imbalances in populations, through diminishing individual risk factors, might ultimately reduce the incidence of atherosclerotic heart disease.
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PMID:Trace minerals and atherosclerosis. 674 52

The relationship of lipoperoxidemia and HDL-cholesterolemia to circulating zinc and copper was investigated in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. When the serum zinc level was low and the copper level was high, or when the zinc, copper ratio was low, decreased concentrations of HDL-cholesterol were observed. In view of the high incidence of atherosclerosis among patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, zinc and copper may somehow contribute to atherogenesis by affecting the serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations.
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PMID:Probable atherogenic role of zinc and copper as studied in chronic hemodialysis patients. 717 74

Serial liver biopsies were carried out in 67 patients with HLP and/or fatty liver before, during short- and long-term therapy with CPIB and after termination of therapy. Results (1) Decrease of liver glycogen from 4.17% to 2.69% (wet weight, P less than 0.02). (2) Insignificant changes of liver triglyceride content. (3) Significant decrease of manganese, while the concentrations of zinc and copper in the liver biopsy specimens remained unchanged. (4) No signs of liver intoxication or cancerogeneous effects of light-microscopic pictures. (5) Significant increases in numbers of mitochondria and cristae as well as a hypertrophy of endoplasmic reticulum with longer lasting therapy. (6) Striking focal proliferation of cristae mitochondriales in 3 cases on longterm treatment. (7) Regression of the mitochondrial alterations after termination of the CPIB therapy. Our findings suggest that an increased number of mitochondria and of their inner membranes in the liver cells induced by CPIB could play an important role in the hypolipidemic action of the drug.
Atherosclerosis 1980 Jun
PMID:Effects of p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (CPIB) on the human liver. 740 47

The contents of lead, cadmium, chromium, manganese, and zinc of 30 atherosclerotic aortas of deceased males between the age of 44 and 73 was analysed with flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy according to the localisation within the aorta (Arcus aortae, Aorta thoracilis, Aorta lumbalis). Furthermore, the metal concentration according to the degree of atherosclerosis was determined whereas, contrary to other authors, no significant relationship between metal content and grade of atherosclerosis was found. A correlation between heavy metal content of atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic aortas could not be ascertained statistically. Likewise, no significant relationship between calcium concentration and content of heavy metals was verified.
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PMID:[The contents of lead, cadmium, manganese, chromium, and zinc of atherosclerotic aortas (author's transl)]. 743 74

Calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc were determined in serum in men with femoral atherosclerosis. Also total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol were estimated. Subjects in control group were in the same range of age. The present study compares two methods of preparing serum for the flame atomic absorption spectrometry. In the first method (I), serum was diluted by the demineralized water. In the second method (II), serum protein was precipitated by trichloracetic acid (TCA). We found that the first method (I) was simpler and more precise than the other. The optimal proportions of serum and water amounted to 1 + 62 for calcium and magnesium and the coefficient of variation (C.V.) was 2.8%. For copper and zinc, the optimal dilution was 1 + 3 (C.V. = 1%). Total cholesterol was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and HDL-cholesterol was lower (p < 0.05) in subjects with femoral atherosclerosis as compared with controls. There was no difference in LDL-cholesterol. Subjects with femoral atherosclerosis had significantly higher level of all micro- and macroelements determined, then those of the control group (p < 0.05). However, higher serum copper does not necessary mean higher copper body status. It is possible that higher serum copper in femoral atherosclerosis reflects the transfer of copper from the tissue to the ceruloplasmin, as an acute phase reaction. On the other hand, the differences in serum magnesium, calcium, copper and zinc concentrations, may indicate the possible involvement of these elements in the disorder of total and HDL-cholesterol in femoral atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[Calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc in blood serum in men with femoral atherosclerosis]. 748 5

Oxidative damage due to free radical production is increased in uraemic patients and has been suggested as a possible factor contributing to the anaemia of chronic renal failure (CRF) and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress was assessed in 40 patients with CRF maintained by either haemodialysis (HD) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and in 18 healthy controls. Lipid peroxidation (assessed as malondialdehyde, MDA), total glutathione (TG), antioxidant enzyme (glutathione reductase (GSHRx), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) activity and antioxidant associated trace metal (selenium, copper, zinc) levels were studied. Erythrocyte membrane fluidity was examined using the fluorescent probe 1,6 diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH). The results indicate increased levels of oxidative stress and altered erythrocyte membrane fluidity in patients treated with CAPD compared with controls and patients treated with HD. Only minor changes were observed in patients treated with HD. Altered free radical activity, oxidative stress and altered erythrocyte membrane fluidity observed in patients with CRF may contribute to the increase in vascular disease in such patients and to the anaemia of CRF.
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PMID:Oxidative stress and erythrocyte membrane fluidity in patients undergoing regular dialysis. 755 72

Evidence is accumulating that most of the degenerative diseases that afflict humanity have their origin in deleterious free radical reactions. These diseases include atherosclerosis, cancer, inflammatory joint disease, asthma, diabetes, senile dementia and degenerative eye disease. The process of biological ageing might also have a free radical basis. Most free radical damage to cells involves oxygen free radicals or, more generally, activated oxygen species (AOS) which include non-radical species such as singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide as well as free radicals. The AOS can damage genetic material, cause lipid peroxidation in cell membranes, and inactivate membrane-bound enzymes. Humans are well endowed with antioxidant defences against AOS; these antioxidants, or free radical scavengers, include ascorbic acid (vitamin C), alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), beta-carotene, coenzyme Q10, enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase, and trace elements including selenium and zinc. The eye is an organ with intense AOS activity, and it requires high levels of antioxidants to protect its unsaturated fatty acids. The human species is not genetically adapted to survive past middle age, and it appears that antioxidant supplementation of our diet is needed to ensure a more healthy elderly population.
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PMID:The role of free radicals in disease. 761 52


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