Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies in experimental animals have suggested an association between dietary copper deficiency, alone or with an attendant elevated intake of zinc, and an increase in serum total cholesterol. These findings led some to theorize that a dietary imbalance of zinc and copper may be a factor in the etiology of coronary heart disease. Plasma zinc and copper levels were measured in 60 adult male patients with confirmed coronary artery disease and compared with serum levels of lipids and lipoproteins in the same patients. The results were compared to the accepted values in normal adult males. In subjects with significant coronary artery atherosclerosis (greater than or equal to 50% luminal occlusion) there was no correlation between plasma zinc or copper with serum lipids or lipoproteins. However, total cholesterol was significantly correlated with low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and inversely correlated with HDL-C : T-Chol ratio. Although dietary zinc and/or copper may influence the plasma levels of these trace metals, our studies show that there was no association between plasma zinc or copper and the serum levels of lipids or lipoproteins; we believe that this indicates that these trace metals are of doubtful value as markers for coronary atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis 1986 Nov
PMID:Relative value of plasma copper, zinc, lipids and lipoproteins as markers for coronary artery disease. 380 Oct 78

A dietary survey was conducted in 1980 in connection with the Multicentre Study on Atherosclerosis Precursors in Finnish Children in five urban and 12 rural communes in various parts of Finland. 1,768 children aged 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 years were interviewed using the 48 hour recall method. Food consumption, and the intakes of energy and 49 nutrients were calculated. The intakes of energy and most nutrients increased in the successive age groups until the age of 15 years. There were only small differences in the diet of children belonging to different social classes. Protein accounted for 14% of total energy intake, fat for 38%, total carbohydrate for 48%, and sucrose for 10%. The ratio of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids in the diet (P/S) was 0.24 for the whole material, which is higher than found in previous studies in Finland. The P/S ratio was higher in urban areas and West Finland than in rural areas and in East Finland. The share of fat of energy intake exceeded the recommendation given by the Ministry of Health and the P/S ratio was lower than recommended. The mean daily intakes of energy and vitamins met the recommendations. Of the mineral elements, the intakes of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and manganese were abundant. The intakes of iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum and chromium were lower than recommended in most age groups and the intakes of selenium and fluorine in all age groups. The large share of refined foods in the children's diet was the main reason for the low nutrient densities.
 ...
PMID:Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. VIII. Food consumption and nutrient intakes. 386 23

Zinc and copper concentrations were analysed from cariesfree deciduous teeth of 125 Finnish children, 6-7- and 9-10-year-olds, from three cities. Enamel and dentine were separated and prepared into pills which were analysed individually with the proton induced x-ray emission spectrometry (PIXE) method. The total mean (+/- SD) zinc concentrations for enamel and dentine were 143 +/- 31 and 133 +/- 36 ppm, respectively, and are in agreement with the values reported recently. The median copper concentration for enamel was 0.54 ppm with a range from 0.0 to 4.29 and for dentine 0.27 ppm with a range from 0.0 to 3.60 being among the lowest reported. The low copper values are interesting as to the possible association with the development of atherosclerosis. Geographical differences were noted between the zinc concentrations of the three cities, the children of Helsinki having significantly higher zinc values than the children of Kuopio and Oulu. No linear correlation was found between zinc and copper concentrations at the individual level.
 ...
PMID:Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. XIV. Zinc and copper concentrations in deciduous teeth. 386 28

The properties of CDP-choline:1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase (CPT) (EC 2.7.8.2.), which catalyzes de novo synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, were studied in rat arterial wall. The optimal pH of CPT of the arterial wall was about 8.5. On subcellular fractionation of the arterial wall, the highest activity was found in the microsome-rich fraction; the cytosolic fraction showed only a trace of activity. The Michaelis constant (KM) for CDP-choline was 0.019 mM. The CPT activity of a homogenate of arterial wall increased linearly with increase in concentration of diolein up to 3.2 mM. 20 mM magnesium and 0.2 mM manganese ions caused marked activation respectively and essential for the activity. Calcium, barium, cobalt, copper, and ferrous ions were inhibitory. 0.5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 0.5 mM glycoletherdiamine-N,N,N'N'-tetraacetic acid (GEDTA) increased the activity in the presence of 10 mM magnesium ion. Sonication of the enzyme solution and addition of high concentration of detergent, such as Triton X-100 and Tween 20, markedly decreased the activity. Porcine liver phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and especially polyenephosphatidylcholine increased CPT activity of the arterial wall, while lysophosphatidylcholine was strongly inhibitory. The properties of arterial CPT activity under various conditions are discussed.
Atherosclerosis 1982 Jun
PMID:Studies on CDP-choline:1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase activity in rat arterial wall. 628 57

Bilaterally vasectomized langur monkeys were compared with age matched sham operated controls for biochemical constituents of the blood following 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 years of surgery. No appreciable changes were observed in blood glucose and blood urea and serum total protein, total lipid, phospholipid, total cholesterol, sialic acid, electrolytes (chloride, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, copper and zinc) and enzymes (LDH, alkaline phosphatase SGOT and SGPT) suggesting that long-term vasectomy does not cause adverse effects on general body metabolism including atherosclerosis.
 ...
PMID:Effect of vasectomy on biochemical constituents of the blood in langur monkey--a 2 1/2 years follow up. 653 74

The effect of Anna Pavala Sindhooram (APS), an indigenous drug showing lipid lowering action was tested in experimental rat atherosclerosis induced by feeding an atherogenic diet. APS was found to decrease the levels of serum cholesterol and phospholipids while triglycerides remained unaffected in atherogenic diet fed rats. Lipid levels in the aorta, liver and intestine were also increased by atherogenic diet feeding, and APS administration with diet restriction reversed this trend. Cholesterol ester was lowered. Both cholesteryl ester hydrolase (CEH) and synthetase (CES) activities in the tissues were elevated while the CEH/CES ratio was lowered in atherosclerosis. APS administration led to a decrease in enzyme activities and an increase in the CEH/CES ratio. APS in vitro inhibited both enzyme activities. NMR spectroscopic studies showed that the soluble components of APS bind or modify cholesterol. Iron, copper, magnesium and calcium present in APS may play a role in the removal of cholesterol ester from the aorta and its disposal.
 ...
PMID:Lipids and cholesterol esterifying enzyme changes by Anna Pavala Sindhooram therapy in experimental rat hyperlipaemia. 663 36

The effects of dietary linoleic acid on the serum level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and its relationship with the tissue status of zinc and copper were examined in adult male rats fed diets differing in the amount of linoleic acid. One group of 9 animals was fed a diet containing hydrogenated coconut oil (4%) and the other was fed a diet containing coconut oil (3.4%) plus linoleic acid (0.6%). Both diets were isocalorically formulated with the equal levels of minerals and other nutrients and contained cholesterol at 1% level. During a 6-week experiment, no differences were observed in food intake and body weight between the two groups. The feeding of linoleic acid produced a significant decrease in serum HDL cholesterol level at 6 weeks and no changes in other lipoproteins and total serum cholesterol and triglyceride. Dietary linoleic acid also significantly lowered the concentrations of zinc in serum and tibia at 6 weeks, while it had no effect on copper contents in these tissues. No changes were observed in the concentration of either zinc or copper in the liver. Linear regression analysis of the 18 pairs of serum zinc and HDL values at 6 weeks indicated a significant positive correlation (r = +0.65; P less than 0.01) between the two parameters. No such relationships were shown between tibia zinc and serum HDL, and between tissue copper and serum HDL. The results indicate that dietary linoleic acid at a relatively low level produces a decrease in serum HDL cholesterol without significantly lowering total serum cholesterol and that the decrease in HDL cholesterol due to linoleic acid feeding is significantly correlated with the reduction in serum zinc level.
Atherosclerosis 1984 Feb
PMID:Effect of dietary linoleic acid on the tissue levels of zinc and copper, and serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol. 671 66

A marginal, 2 parts per million (ppm) copper diet (experimental) was fed to female rats for 4 months prior to breeding, through gestation/lactation, and to the weaned offspring to determine the consequences in adult, male offspring on cholesterol values and aortal morphology. Liver copper concentrations of the dams and pups at day 21 of lactation and of the 117-day-old offspring who consumed the experimental diet were lower (P less than 0.0001) than corresponding rats fed a 10 ppm copper diet (control). However, statistically significant differences due to dietary treatments were not evident in pre- or post-weaning gain in body weight, litter size, cannibalism of pups, or total cholesterol concentrations of the serum and aorta. Ultrastructural examination of experimental offspring aortas revealed focally abnormal features of endothelial cells, the subendothelial space, collagen fibers, smooth muscle cells, and particularly elastin. The ultrastructural irregularities of elastin included discontinuous regions of the internal elastic lamina comprised of stained clumps of elastin of irregular size and shape. The results of this study suggest that a marginal copper nutriture begun in utero will elicit morphologic abnormalities of the aorta in rats that are otherwise without overt signs of copper deficiency.
Atherosclerosis 1984 Apr
PMID:Marginal copper deficiency in rats. Aortal morphology of elastin and cholesterol values in first-generation adult males. 672 99

Although there is no evidence for a direct cause-effect relationship between mineral and trace element status and atherosclerosis in humans, many elements exert a strong influence on individual risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as disorders of blood lipids, blood pressure, coagulation, glucose tolerance, and circulating insulin. Studies in humans and animals have shown that optimal intakes of elements such as sodium, magnesium, calcium, chromium, copper, zinc, and iodine can reduce individual risk factors; some of these studies are consistent with the results of epidemiologic correlations. Influences of local geochemical environment and of dietary practices can result in mineral and trace element imbalances; deficiencies of chromium, iron, copper, zinc, selenium, and iodine are well defined. Detection and correction of such imbalances in populations, through diminishing individual risk factors, might ultimately reduce the incidence of atherosclerotic heart disease.
 ...
PMID:Trace minerals and atherosclerosis. 674 52

Though myocardial alterations are well recognized in haemochromatosis, little attention has been paid to the cardiac changes in Wilson's disease. To define the extent of myocardial degeneration in newly diagnosed or chronically treated Wilson's disease, we reviewed the autopsy findings in 9 cases with this condition. We compared our observations with those in 3 control cases, selected for comparable age and with liver disease having no known association with cardiac degeneration. Our results revealed cardiac hypertrophy in 5 out of 9 cases of Wilson's disease. There was evidence of interstitial and replacement fibrosis, intramyocardial small vessel sclerosis and focal inflammatory cell inflammation to a variable degree in all cases. One case had AV nodal degeneration, and a 15 year old boy had severe atherosclerosis of the left main coronary artery. Two patients died suddenly, presumably secondary to an arrhythmia; one of these patients had the most marked myocardial alterations. We could not correlate these changes specifically with the tissue levels of copper, treatment with D-penicillamine, or the presence of cirrhosis. We conclude that there are definite morphological abnormalities in the hearts of patients with Wilson's disease consistent with a cardiomyopathy. Though the myocardial changes were non-specific, the fact that 2 patients died suddenly, suggests the need for a prospective study of cardiac function in these patients in the future.
 ...
PMID:The cardiomyopathy of Wilson's disease. Myocardial alterations in nine cases. 715 67


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>