Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a group of properly prepared poor risk patients with advanced atherosclerosis of both the aortoiliac and femoropopliteal segments, a combined procedure, extra-anatomic bypass with an extended profundoplasty, was used for successful salvage of their ischemic--mean calf pressure=27 millimeters of mercury--limbs. Prediction of success versus failure could be determined on neither clinical nor angiographic-anatomic grounds but was possible using two simple measurements: a large aortoiliac differential pressure--deltaP--between inflow pressure obtained from a standard arm cuff and outflow pressure measured directly from the femoral artery, 89.3 millimeters of mercury versus 33.2 millimeters of mercury, p less than 0.001, and a potentially adequate outflow bed as determined by the percentage drop in outflow [(deltaPo/Po) per cent] upon papaverine injection, 36.3 versus 11.3 per cent, p less than 0.001. These values became an important part of the selection scheme developed in the approach to 24 ischemic limbs.
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PMID:Limb salvage and selectivity. 41 33

Platelet activation releases thromboxane A2 and serotonin, which acts on blood vessels through a specific, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT2) receptor. The development of ketanserin, the selective 5HT2 receptor blocker, has made it possible to explore the role of serotonin in patients with advanced atherosclerotic disease. Ketanserin in low doses (3 to 30 micrograms/kg) was administered intra-arterially to 23 patients with symptomatic peripheral occlusive vascular disease during peripheral angiography: an additional seven patients received a placebo. The angiographic response was evaluated by coded reading and by computer-assisted measurement of arterial segments in four anatomical regions (pelvis, thigh, knee, and lower leg). Hemodynamic changes were assessed by mercury strain gauge plethysmography and Doppler pressure measurement. Unequivocal vasodilatation was observed in zero of seven placebo-treated patients and in 13 of 23 (57%) treated patients primarily at the level of collateral vessels. Dilation of the geniculate arteries, a major source of collaterals to the calf, was associated with a significant increase in the blood flow delivery to the calf. There was a moderate drop of systemic blood pressure in patients who failed to respond with peripheral vasodilatation. Ketanserin induces hemodynamically significant vasodilatation in some patients with peripheral vascular disease, suggesting that serotonin may contribute to ischemia in some patients with advanced atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Atherosclerosis, peripheral arterial disease and the vascular response to ketanserin. 234 79

Selenium deficiency has established implications in cardiovascular diseases, particularly on cardiac muscle integrity. The essential trace element takes part not only in the direct protection of endothelial cells against the accumulation of aggressive oxygen species, but also in the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid derivatives involved in platelet and leucocyte functions, or in the regulation of cholesterol. Moreover, it prevents toxic effects of cadmium and mercury, and modulates the active transport of calcium. Some clinical investigations have underlined its importance in the cardiac function and the prevention of coronary atherosclerosis, and several recent prospective epidemiological studies have attributed to selenium deficiency a greater incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Further studies should be devoted to the influence of marginal deficiency in this trace element whose optimal requirement does not seem to be met by the usual dietary intake.
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PMID:[Selenium and cardiovascular pathology]. 269 67

The epidemiological and historical aspects of some important and representative wildlife diseases from Scandinavia are discussed. In noninfectious diseases, examples include cataract in moose (Alces alces), atherosclerosis in hybrid hares (Lepus timidus X L. europaeus), and ethmoid tumors in moose. The epizootiological and historical aspects of the recent epizootics of myxomatosis in European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and rabies and sarcoptic mange in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are reviewed. The decline and subsequent increase in population abundances of tetraonids including the capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus), black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix), and hazel hen (Tetrastes bonasia) are discussed, and an hypothesis on predation by foxes is presented as a possible explanation for these population fluctuations. The potential impact of environmental pollution on wildlife populations is emphasized with reference to mercury in wildlife from Sweden and the possible effects of cadmium and selenium resulting from acidification. A bibliography of important references is presented pertaining to these and other diseases of wildlife from Scandinavia.
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PMID:A review of wildlife diseases from Scandinavia. 331 19

In connection with the Finnish Multicentre Study on the precursors of atherosclerosis in 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 15- and 18-year-old children and adolescents, blood pressure was measured in 3,596 subjects in the five university hospital areas. Blood pressure was measured with an ultrasound device (Arteriosonde 1020, Roche) in the 3-year-old children, and an ordinary mercury sphygmomanometer was used in the rest of the subjects. The systolic and diastolic values increased with age as has been shown earlier. There were no significant differences in the values between boys and girls except that the 15- and 18-year-old boys had values a little higher than girls of the same age. Weight and height correlated well to both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Physical maturation also correlated to blood pressure.
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PMID:Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. III. Blood pressure. 386 34

In connection with the Multicenter Study on Atherosclerosis Precursors in Finnish Children, the dietary intakes of some toxic heavy metals were determined. The population of this study, conducted in five urban and 12 rural areas in Finland, consisted of 1768 children ages 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 years. Food consumption was measured by the 48-h recall method. The intakes of mercury, lead, cadmium, and arsenic were estimated using analytical data for the heavy metal content of Finnish foods. The total daily intakes of these four heavy metals increased with age. The energy-adjusted intakes of mercury, lead and arsenic were highest in the youngest age groups, whereas no change was observed in the mean cadmium intake expressed per 1000 kcal. Mean daily intakes of these metals per kg of body weight were three times higher in the 3-year-old children compared with the 18-year-olds. Cereals, potatoes and vegetables, and milk products were the main sources of these metals in the diet. Fruits and berries were also a significant source, especially in the youngest age groups. Consumption of fish was positively associated with intakes of mercury and arsenic, despite a contribution of only 1 per cent to the daily energy from this food group. The large standard deviations in the mean daily intakes of these metals indicate that exposure to these metals via diet is unevenly distributed among the Finnish children and adolescents. Further detailed evaluation of food patterns with a risk of high intakes of toxic heavy metals by children is needed.
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PMID:Dietary intakes of mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic by Finnish children. 395 1

A sustained and gradual development of hypertension in coronary arteries of 16 foxhounds was induced by afterload stress with supravalvular aortic stenosis. Dogs were perfusion fixed after 4 months and 1 year of stenosis for morphologic analysis of coronary arteries with scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and light microscopy. Mean prestenotic pressures and SD standard deviations in millimeters of mercury for perfusion-fixed foxhounds after 4 months were systolic 141 +/- 14, mean arterial 101 +/- 8, and diastolic 81 +/- 7, and after 1 year systolic 182 +/- 31, mean arterial 128 +/- 22, and diastolic 101 +/- 16. Scanning electron microscopy results of coronary arteries subjected to 4 months of hypertension show little change from normal coronary arteries. Only isolated cases of desquamating endothelial cells were seen directly proximal to ostia of coronary arteries. Transmission electron microscopy showed no ultrastructural changes in this banding group. In four of six foxhounds subjected to 1 year of hypertension, scanning electron microscopy observations of coronary arteries revealed one to five areas of endothelial denudation, typically oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the artery, a few cell diameters wide and 100 to 300 microns in length. These lesions were often seen to form narrow channels between two or more branching points, either in a continuous or in series fashion. Platelets, lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes adhered to the subendothelial surface. Occasional denudations were oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis. Denudations were restricted to arteries greater than 1.2 mm in diameter. In the vicinity of denudation lesions, lymphocytes and monocytes adhered to endothelium showing alterations in cell size and shape. Transmission electron and light microscopy of this banding group showed breaks and duplication of the internal elastic lamina and smooth muscle proliferation in the intima. Focal areas of intimal inflammatory reactions, sometimes superimposed upon intimal proliferative changes, were noted in those areas exhibiting luminal cell adherence to endothelium. The results indicate that the morphologic equivalent of hypertension varies depending on the manner in which it is experimentally produced. The findings of intimal proliferation and late endothelial denudation give support to the response-to-injury hypothesis for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and suggest a mechanism for the role of hypertension as a risk factor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Morphologic investigation of coronary arteries subjected to hypertension by experimental supravalvular aortic stenosis in dogs. 670 56

Oxidative modification of human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is thought to play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. LDL oxidizability is believed to be strongly influenced by factors such as (a) content of preexisting lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs) and (b) content of endogenous antioxidants such as alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene. The purpose of this study was to examine the prooxidant role of preexisting LDL-LOOHs, using a recently developed method for ultrasensitive and selective LOOH analysis: high-performance liquid chromatography with mercury drop electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC). Exceedingly low detection limits for LDL-LOOHs have been achieved by HPLC-EC, e.g., approximately 100 fmol for cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide (CEOOH). This sensitivity has allowed us to monitor LDL-LOOHs at levels that are undetectable by most other methods. Fresh LDL prepared with the utmost care to prevent autoxidation was found to contain small, yet significant amounts of CEOOH, 6-12 pmol/mg protein. Our data suggest that these peroxides could not have arisen during LDL isolation or sample work-up for HPLC-EC. Incubation with GSH and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase resulted in nearly complete reduction of the CEOOH. This LDL was found to be much more resistant to Cu(2+)-induced peroxidation than starting material, exhibiting a lag period that was at least six times greater. We have also determined that LDL becomes progressively more susceptible to Cu(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation (as evidenced by a shortened lag) when it is preloaded with increasing amounts of photochemically generated LOOHs. Taken together, these results provide strong support for the idea that preexisting LOOHs in LDL are important determinants of its overall oxidizability.
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PMID:Involvement of preexisting lipid hydroperoxides in Cu(2+)-stimulated oxidation of low-density lipoprotein. 798 64

Traditional food is culturally, economically and nutritionally important for the Greenlandic Inuit people. In the 1970s the preventive effect of marine fat on cardiovascular disease, thrombosis and atherosclerosis was described. The low incidence of ischemic heart disease among Greenlanders has been related to the high intake of marine food. Since 1990 routine autopsies have taken place in two towns in Greenland, Nuuk and Ilulissat. The autopsies represent 26% of the total number of deaths in these two towns. Samples have been collected from 104 autopsies. International cooperative studies have analysed specimens in relation to ischemic heart disease as a benefit related to diet, as well as the level of heavy metals and organochlorine in organs as a risk related to diet. High amounts of mono-unsaturated and Omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acid were found in adipose tissue. Liver analyses of selenium have confirmed the expected high intake among Greenlanders. Reduced atherosclerotic lesions were found in the coronary arteries. Blood pressure levels calculated from renovascholopathia of hypertension indicate prevailing levels similar to those in industrialized countries. Some factors in Greenland may be protecting the coronary arteries, thereby of setting the expected effect of hypertension. The level of methyl mercury in organs is generally high. PCB concentrations found in organs of Greenlanders are higher than among other populations. Health and risk effects of the traditional foods need further investigation.
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PMID:The Inuit diet. Fatty acids and antioxidants, their role in ischemic heart disease, and exposure to organochlorines and heavy metals. An international study. 887 82

We investigated the effect of lead nitrate (0.5-5.0 microM) on the repair of wounded monolayer of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. It was morphologically found that lead decreases the appearance of the cells in the wounded area in a concentration-dependent manner without degenerative changes after a 48-h incubation. Although mercury weakly inhibited the repair with nonspecific cell damage, the other cations including bismuth, cobalt, manganese and nickel failed to affect the repair. The inhibition of endothelial repair caused by lead was observed even when stimulated by exogenous either basic or fibroblast growth factor. These results indicated that inhibition of the repair process of damaged endothelial cell layer is a component of lead-induced vascular lesions such as atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect of lead on the repair of wounded monolayers of cultured vascular endothelial cells. 905 98


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