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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From 108 healthy 13 years old school children who took part on a longitudinal study in regard to serum lipids and lipoproteins 64 with normal body weight were examined. Lipoproteins were estimated by means of preparative ultracentrifuge and polyanionprecipitation (Heparin and Manganese-chloride) according to the Lipid Research Clinics Methods, NIH, Bethesda. Mean values and S.D. were calculated as: Total cholesterol: 155 +/- 29, 150 +/- 35 mg/dl; LDL-cholesterol 98 +/- 21 and 96 +/- 34 mg/dl; HDL-cholesterol 44 +/- 13 and 44 +/- 13 mg/dl for males and females respectively. The few data from the literature showing wide variations in LDL- and HDL-cholesterol concentrations are compared with our results; methodological considerations indicate that for further epidemiological studies concerning the possible risk factors for premature atherosclerosis standaradized laboratory tests should be provided.
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PMID:HDL- and LDL-cholesterol in normal weight healthy children 13 years of age. 22 94

Trace metal contents of cerebral vessels in age-matched and sex-matched subjects from three population groups were estimated. The trace metals included calcium, manganese, zinc, magnesium, copper and iron. The American blacks in Washington, D.C., who are ethnologically related to Nigerian Africans, have different patterns of trace metal contents in their cerebral vessels and the observed levels also differed in some respects from Minnesota Caucasians living in a similar environment. The greatest amounts of calcium, zinc, and copper were found in the vessels of American blacks while the greatest amount of magnesium was found in vessels of Minnesota Caucasians. There was no statistically significant difference in the manganese content of the cerebral vessels in three population groups. Nigerian Africans had the least amounts of copper and magnesium but had the highest iron content. A similar high level of iron was observed in the vessels of American blacks. Since it has been shown that American blacks have the most extensive and severe degree of atherosclerosis among the three population groups, it would appear that iron, calcium and manganese in the cerebral vessels may not directly relate to the severity of cerebral atherosclerosis. Relatively high levels of copper and magnesium, which were observed in the cerebral vessels of American blacks and Caucasians, may be of significance in the pathogenesis of cerebral atherosclerosis. The low levels of the trace metals in Nigerians may be protective. The possible role of zinc requires further studies.
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PMID:Trace metal content of cerebral vessels in American Blacks, Caucasians and Nigerian Africans. 119 34

The content of 10 trace elements was studied by employing the neutron-activation method and the lead level determined through the spectral analysis in the whole blood, aorta, the heart muscle, liver, intesties (small and large), in the pancreas, adrenal glands, the spleen, lungs of accident victims, among whom 87 were practically healthy and 91 had atherosclerosis. The latter demonstrated in a number of organs (especially in the aorta and liver) a reduction in the content, which increased with age and intensity of atherosclerotic changes, of nickel, manganese, zinc, cobalt, vanadium and iron and rise in the lead, gallium, copper, bismuth and bromine level. The disclosed data bear witness to a definite part played by a number of trace elements in the atherogenesis.
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PMID:[Trace element content in the blood and organs in arteriosclerosis]. 123 10

We studied the effects of psychosocial stress (S) and diazepam (D) on plasma lipids, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), and corticosterone (B) levels of cockerels fed an atherogenic diet (AD) consisting of 2% cholesterol plus 5% cottonseed oil added to plain mash (PM). Seventy-six eight-week-old DeKalb cockerels were randomly assigned to the following groups: I. PM; II. PM + D; III. PM + S; ;IV. PM + S + D; V. AD; VI. AD + D; VII. AD + S and VIII. AD + S + D. S was induced by housing two birds to a cage and pairing them to a different bird daily. D was administered daily by gavage. Plasma ACTH and B levels were analyzed by RIA. Aortic atherosclerosis was grossly graded on a scale of 0-4 and also by gravimetric planimetry. After 10 weeks: 1. S birds had a significantly higher incidence and severity (p less than 0.04) of aortic atherogenesis and elevated ACTH and B levels (p less than 0.001) compared to unstressed PM groups. 2. AD significantly elevated the plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and the lipoprotein cholesterol that was precipitated by heparin-manganese (LDL-C + VLDL-C), compared to initial and/or PM levels (p less than 0.001). AD birds had a greater incidence and more severe aortic lesions in comparison to PM groups (p less than 0.002). Plasma hormone levels were significantly lower in birds fed AD alone compared to controls and stressed birds. 3. D significantly reduced the severity of aortic atheroma as well as decreased hormone levels in all treated groups (p less than 0.001). Therefore, we conclude that aortic atherosclerosis in cockerels can be induced by S and/or AD, and D can markedly reduce atherogenesis under these conditions. Since both AD and D decreased plasma ACTH and B levels, the anti-atherogenic action of D in these birds does not seem to directly involve these pituitary-adrenocortical hormones.
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PMID:Effects of diazepam, psychosocial stress and dietary cholesterol on pituitary-adrenocortical hormone levels and experimental atherosclerosis. 185 May 93

The biochemical mechanisms by which hypertension accelerates atherosclerosis and increases the risk of aortic aneurysm rupture are poorly understood. This study evaluates the effects of hypertension on aortic trace element concentrations and antioxidant status in tissue removed from 26 normotensive (NT) and 20 hypertensive (HT) patients. Twenty-seven of 46 patients (59%) had aneurysmal (AA), and 19 of 46 (41%) had occlusive disease (OD). Aortic iron concentrations were markedly higher in both OD and AA tissue compared with controls. A similar trend was observed with copper concentrations, with the highest elevations observed in HT AA tissues. No significant differences were observed in zinc concentrations, except that HT AA aorta had significantly lower zinc levels than either OD or control tissue. Aortic ascorbic acid concentrations in diseased aorta were lower than those of controls, but independent of blood pressure. Copper-zinc-superoxide dismutase activity was similarly reduced, with the lowest activity observed in diseased aorta from HT patients. Only HT AA aorta had significantly higher manganese-superoxide dismutase activity than controls. The aortas of patients with AA had significantly lower amounts of elastin and greater elastase activity than either controls or those with OD. However, the differences were independent of blood pressure. Hypertensive patients with OD and AA had 31% more and 27% less aortic collagen, respectively, than their NT counterparts (P less than 0.05). These data suggest that the reduction in aortic collagen and elastin in HT patients with AA compared with their NT counterparts may explain the larger size of aneurysms and predispose to their eventual rupture. Furthermore, the diminished antioxidant status associated with HT predisposes to lipid peroxidation, which contributes to the acceleration of these processes. Our studies were conducted in patients with established aortic aneurysmal and occlusive disease. Whether these observations are pertinent to the pathogenesis of AA and OD remains unclear and merits further study.
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PMID:Effects of hypertension on aortic antioxidant status in human abdominal aneurysmal and occlusive disease. 199 4

Atomic absorption spectrometry was used in a quantitative study of zinc, magnesium, and manganese on 71 postmortal human aortas. Samples were obtained from accident victims 35-65 years of age. Fibrous plaques had higher levels of all three elements when compared to normal aortic tissue. The difference was significant for zinc (p less than 0.001) and magnesium (p less than 0.01). The high elemental levels may be both a cause and effect of atherosclerosis or the result of another unknown parameter.
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PMID:Magnesium, zinc, and manganese in atherosclerosis of the aorta. 248 10

Two independent parameters, two characteristic temperatures, one indicating the change in the molecular organization of the core, Tc, and the other in the surface layer, Ts, were measured for a number of natural and triglyceride-enriched porcine low-density lipoprotein (LDL1 (buoyant density 1.020--1.063 g/ml) and LDL2 (buoyant density 1.063--1.080 g/ml) samples. Tc was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), whereas Ts was measured by Mn(II) binding to the lipoprotein surface followed by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. A significant causal relationship between Tc and Ts in both LDL subfractions demonstrates the surface-core interaction in LDL. The significance of that interaction is emphasized as a possible link in the chain diet----lipoprotein changes----atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Causal relationship between the transitions in the core and the surface in porcine low-density lipoproteins. 285 Jan 17

The relations between manganese and atherosclerosis were examined on rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis, on patients with atherosclerosis and on workers exposed to manganese. Here a favourable influence of manganese was shown which effected a decrease of the cholesterol content of serum, liver and aorta and inhibited the entry of lipids into the aorta. The influence of the manganese on various enzymes as well as a manganese-copper interaction are discussed as possible causes.
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PMID:[Manganese and arteriosclerosis]. 370 54

A dietary survey was conducted in 1980 in connection with the Multicentre Study on Atherosclerosis Precursors in Finnish Children in five urban and 12 rural communes in various parts of Finland. 1,768 children aged 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 years were interviewed using the 48 hour recall method. Food consumption, and the intakes of energy and 49 nutrients were calculated. The intakes of energy and most nutrients increased in the successive age groups until the age of 15 years. There were only small differences in the diet of children belonging to different social classes. Protein accounted for 14% of total energy intake, fat for 38%, total carbohydrate for 48%, and sucrose for 10%. The ratio of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids in the diet (P/S) was 0.24 for the whole material, which is higher than found in previous studies in Finland. The P/S ratio was higher in urban areas and West Finland than in rural areas and in East Finland. The share of fat of energy intake exceeded the recommendation given by the Ministry of Health and the P/S ratio was lower than recommended. The mean daily intakes of energy and vitamins met the recommendations. Of the mineral elements, the intakes of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and manganese were abundant. The intakes of iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum and chromium were lower than recommended in most age groups and the intakes of selenium and fluorine in all age groups. The large share of refined foods in the children's diet was the main reason for the low nutrient densities.
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PMID:Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. VIII. Food consumption and nutrient intakes. 386 23

The effect of egg yolk consumption on the composition of LDL and on the concentration of HDL subclasses was studied in healthy subjects. Six volunteers consumed a diet low in cholesterol for 10 days and then daily added 6 egg yolks to their diet for another 10 days; the experiment was repeated 1 year later with the same subjects. Egg yolk consumption caused the cholesterol intake to increase by 1600 mg/day, and the fat intake by 7 energy % at the expense of carbohydrates; this increase was due almost exclusively to monounsaturated fatty acids. Upon egg yolk feeding the mean level of serum total cholesterol rose by 13%; the bulk of this rise was due to LDL cholesterol, which increased by 21%. VLDL and IDL cholesterol decreased by 19 and 11%, and serum total triglycerides by 17%. Marked relative increases of 35 and 36% were seen in the cholesterol level of the HDL subfractions with densities of 1.055-1.075 g/ml (HDL1) and 1.075-1.100 g/ml (HDL2), respectively. The HDL2/LDL cholesterol ratio increased by 16%. No change in cholesterol in HDL3 (d greater than 1.100 g/ml) was observed. The increase in cholesterol in HDL isolated by density gradient ultracentrifugation significantly exceeded the increase in cholesterol in heparin-Mn2+ soluble HDL. This suggests the formation of apo E-containing HDL, i.e. HDLc, which has HDL density but is not soluble in heparin-Mn2+. The composition of the LDL particles was significantly altered; the core became enriched in esterified cholesterol at the expense of triglycerides, and the ratio of core components to surface components increased by 7%.
Atherosclerosis 1985 Feb
PMID:Effect of egg yolk feeding on the concentration and composition of serum lipoproteins in man. 398 15


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